Metodo de Marcus
Metodo de Marcus
Metodo de Marcus
ESTRUCTURAS III
Para alumnos de la carrera de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y Mecánica de la UNLP
METODO DE MARCUS
para la resolución de placas planas rectangulares
Autores:
-2008-
Estructuras III
Este método se basa en el cálculo del Laplaciano doble por el método de diferencias
finitas. Para ellos se toma a la expresión,
∂ 4w ∂ 4w ∂ 4w q
+ + 2 =
∂x 4
∂y 4
∂x ∂y
2 2
D
⎛∂2 ∂2 ⎞ ⎛ ∂ 2w ∂ 2w ⎞ q
∇ ∇ w = ⎜⎜ 2 + 2
2 2
⎟⎟ ⋅ ⎜⎜ 2 + 2 ⎟⎟ =
⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎠ ⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎠ D
El método resuelve por separado cada uno de estos Laplacianos utilizando una variable
llamado operador de Marcus (M), de forma tal que,
Mx + My ⎛ ∂ 2w ∂ 2w ⎞
M= = − D⎜⎜ + ⎟⎟
(1+ μ ) ⎝ ∂ x ∂ y ⎠
entonces
M ⎛ ∂ 2w ∂ 2w ⎞
− =⎜ + ⎟
D ⎜⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎟⎠
y
⎛ ∂ 2M ∂ 2M ⎞
− q = ⎜⎜ + ⎟⎟
⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎠
− q k S 2 = M k +1 + M k −1 + M l + M i − 4 M k
l
k-1 S k k+1
S
i
Pagina 1 de 16
Estructuras III
b
= 1.5
b a
μ = 0.3
b/3
a b
S= =
b/3 4 6
q = cte
b
h = espesor
a/4 a/4
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
Pagina 2 de 16
Estructuras III
Planteando las ecuaciones del operador de Marcus para cada nodo se obtiene un
sistema de 24 ecuaciones con 24 incógnitas.
1.- 2 M2 + M 5 - 4 M 1 = - q S2
2.- M3 + M 1 + M 6- 4 M 2 = - q S2
3.- M2 + M 4 + M 7- 4 M 3 = - q S2
4.- M3 + M 8- 4 M 4 = - q S2
5.- 2 M6 + M 1 + M 9- 4 M 5 = - q S2
6.- M2 + M 10 + M 5 M 7 - 4 M 6 = - q S2
7.- M6 + M 8 + M 3 M 11 - 4 M 7 = - q S2
8.- M7 + M 4 + M 12 - 4 M 8 = - q S2
9.- 2 M10 + M 5 + M 13 - 4 M 9 = - q S2
10.- M9 + M 11 + M 6 M 14 - 4 M 10 = - q S2
11.- M10 + M 12 + M 7 M 15 - 4 M 11 = - q S2
12.- M11 + M 8 + M 16 - 4 M 12 = - q S2
13.- M9 + M 17 + 2 M 14 - 4 M 13 = - ½ q S2
14.- M10 + M 18 + M 13 M15 - 4 M 14 = - ¾ q S2
15.- M14 + M 16 + M 11 M 19 - 4 M 15 = - q S2
16.- M15 + M 12 + M 20 - 4 M 16 = - q S2
17.- 2 M18 + M 13 + M 21 - 4 M 17 = 0
18.- M17 + M 19 + M 14 M 22 - 4 M 18 = - ½ q S2
19.- M18 + M 20 + M 15 M 23 - 4 M 19 = - q S2
20.- M16 + M 24 + M 19 - 4 M 20 = - q S2
21.- 2 M22 + 2 M 17 - 4 M 21 = 0
22.- M21 + M 23 + 2 M 18 - 4 M 22 = - ½ q S2
23.- 2 M19 + M 22 + M 24 - 4 M 23 = - q S2
24.- M23 + 2 M 19 - 4 M 24 = - q S2
Pagina 3 de 16
Estructuras III
-4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 3,6421404
1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 3,59713185
0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 2,68060333
0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1,54816687
1 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 6,37429791
0 1 0 4 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 7,06578365
0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 4,5771146
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 2,51206414
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 6,72348393
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 6,52192278
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 · -1 = 5,05000729
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 2,92297509
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0,5 6,47579225
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0,75 6,24841626
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 5,17801668
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 3,12982894
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 6,18285257
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 -0,5 6,06793332
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 -1 5,28381421
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 -1 3,41832399
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 0 6,1197514
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 -4 1 0 -0,5 6,05665023
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 -4 1 -1 5,47098287
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 -4 -1 4,25965282
M ⎛ ∂ 2w ∂ 2w ⎞
− =⎜ + ⎟
D ⎜⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎟⎠
siendo,
Eh3
D=
(
12 1 − ν 2 )
Pagina 4 de 16
Estructuras III
Resolviendo a través de
l
k-1 S k k+1
S
i
Pagina 5 de 16
Estructuras III
-4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3,64 18.2488325
1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3,6 17.6386756
0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,68 12.4837155
0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1,55 6.44356101
1 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6,37 34.0758385
0 1 0 4 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -7,07 36.2250224
0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4,58 23.1720222
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,51 11.7423617
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6,72 39.2301788
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6,52 37.1735255
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 · -5,05 = 27.6598746
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,92 14.8417993
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3,24 41.774342
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4,69 39.0571034
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -5,18 30.4021441
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -3,13 17.0419858
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 -6,18 43.2771899
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 0 -3,03 40.6299859
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 1 0 0 1 0 -5,28 32.6715959
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 -4 0 0 0 1 -3,42 19.794171
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 -4 2 0 0 -6,12 43.8915932
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 -4 1 0 -3,03 41.4461209
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 -4 1 -5,47 34.5762685
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 -4 -4,26 26.0447783
Pagina 6 de 16
Estructuras III
Deformada de la
placa
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 -5.86640165 -11.3879762 -16.118084 -16.6835545 -16.118084 -11.3879762 -5.86640165 0
0 -10.568087 -20.9585733 -32.9016525 -30.9560714 -32.9016525 -20.9585733 -10.568087 0
0 -13.0180456 -24.54989 -33.2624883 -35.1678168 -33.2624883 -24.54989 -13.0180456 0
0 -14.1731265 -26.1376623 -34.181071 -36.745334 -34.181071 -26.1376623 -14.1731265 0
0 -14.6645997 -26.8126897 -34.6941697 -37.3404918 -34.6941697 -26.8126897 -14.6645997 0
0 -14.7987399 -26.9984579 -34.8481878 -37.4988966 -34.8481878 -26.9984579 -14.7987399 0
0 -14.6645997 -26.8126897 -34.6941697 -37.3404918 -34.6941697 -26.8126897 -14.6645997 0
0 -14.1731265 -26.1376623 -34.181071 -36.745334 -34.181071 -26.1376623 -14.1731265 0
0 -13.0180456 -24.54989 -33.2624883 -35.1678168 -33.2624883 -24.54989 -13.0180456 0
0 -10.568087 -20.9585733 -32.9016525 -30.9560714 -32.9016525 -20.9585733 -10.568087 0
0 -5.86640165 -11.3879762 -16.118084 -16.6835545 -16.118084 -11.3879762 -5.86640165 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nota:
A los valores leídos de los gráficos y tablas hay que multiplicarlos por q
4
Pagina 7 de 16
Estructuras III
⎛∂ 2 w ∂ 2w⎞
M x = −D ⎜ 2 + ν ⎟
⎝ ∂x ∂y 2 ⎠
Mx k =−
D
[wk +1 − 2wk + wk −1 + ν (wl − 2wk + wi )]
S2
Momentos flectores
respecto al eje x
(Mx)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.69424196 1.33668053 3.96499191 1.85425231 3.96499191 1.33668053 0.69424196 0
0 0.85311876 0.24119125 18.8154801 -0.87293085 18.8154801 0.24119125 0.85311876 0
0 1.87466463 3.42030933 6.63994575 4.6009254 6.63994575 3.42030933 1.87466463 0
0 2.40767301 4.19495055 5.60079087 5.42323387 5.60079087 4.19495055 2.40767301 0
0 2.62370949 4.41338789 5.34288197 5.42367024 5.34288197 4.41338789 2.62370949 0
0 2.67950606 4.4614491 5.29143183 5.39646058 5.29143183 4.4614491 2.67950606 0
0 2.62370949 4.41338789 5.34288197 5.42367024 5.34288197 4.41338789 2.62370949 0
0 2.40767301 4.19495055 5.60079087 5.42323387 5.60079087 4.19495055 2.40767301 0
0 1.87466463 3.42030933 6.63994575 4.6009254 6.63994575 3.42030933 1.87466463 0
0 0.85311876 0.24119125 18.8154801 -0.87293085 18.8154801 0.24119125 0.85311876 0
0 0.69424196 1.33668053 3.96499191 1.85425231 3.96499191 1.33668053 0.69424196 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pagina 8 de 16
Estructuras III
Grafic o de Mx en y= b/2
3.96 3.96
1.34
0.69 0.69
0 1.85 0 x
1.34
Grafic o de Mx en y= 0
2.68 2.68
5.40 5.29 x
0 4.46 5.29 4.46 0
x qS 2
Grafic o de Mx en x= a/2
2.62 2.62
1.87 2.68 1.87
2.41 2.41
0.85 0.85
0.69 0.69
0 0
y
Grafic o de Mx en x= 0
-0.87 -0.87
⎛∂ 2 w ∂ 2w⎞
M y = −D ⎜ 2 + ν ⎟
⎝ ∂y ∂x 2 ⎠
My k = − M k (1 + μ ) − M x k
Pagina 9 de 16
Estructuras III
Momentos flectores
respecto al eje y
(My)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.38947485 0.5397418 -1.44699962 0.69524597 -1.44699962 0.5397418 0.38947485 0
0 0.90532614 2.96278898 -13.8694316 5.33493938 -13.8694316 2.96278898 0.90532614 0
0 0.17141793 0.11469577 -2.0745998 0.10551335 -2.0745998 0.11469577 0.17141793 0
0 -0.21679275 -0.57033887 -1.22689949 -0.89017929 -1.22689949 -0.57033887 -0.21679275 0
0 -0.2308827 -0.71471794 -1.09532864 -1.09567344 -1.09532864 -0.71471794 -0.2308827 0
0 0.30225091 -0.63176109 -1.05177668 -1.1126346 -1.05177668 -0.63176109 0.30225091 0
0 -0.2308827 -0.71471794 -1.09532864 -1.09567344 -1.09532864 -0.71471794 -0.2308827 0
0 -0.21679275 -0.57033887 -1.22689949 -0.89017929 -1.22689949 -0.57033887 -0.21679275 0
0 0.17141793 0.11469577 -2.0745998 0.10551335 -2.0745998 0.11469577 0.17141793 0
0 0.90532614 2.96278898 -13.8694316 5.33493938 -13.8694316 2.96278898 0.90532614 0
0 0.38947485 0.5397418 -1.44699962 0.69524597 -1.44699962 0.5397418 0.38947485 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nota:
A los valores leídos del gráfico y de la tabla hay que multiplicarlos por q S2
Grafic o de My en y= b/2
0.70
-1.45
x
-1.45
x qS 2
Grafic o de My en y= 0
0 0.30 0.30
0
x
-0.63 -0.63
-1.11 -1.05
-1.05
Pagina 10 de 16
Estructuras III
Grafic o de My en x= a/2
0.91 0.91
x qS 2
Grafic o de My en x= 0
5.33 5.33
⎛ ∂ 3w ∂ 3w ⎞
Qx = − D ⎜ 3 + ⎟
⎝ ∂x ∂x∂y 2 ⎠
Qx k =−
D
[wk + 2 − 4wk +1 + 4wk −1 − wk +2 + wl +1 − wl −1 + wi +1 − wi −1 ]
2S 3
Esfuerzos de Corte
respecto al eje x
(Qx)
Pagina 11 de 16
Estructuras III
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-3.0190867 -2.6088459 -1.9896094 -0.9331328 0 0.933133 1.989609 2.608846 3.019087
-4.8586550 -4.4266876 -27.8820655 -1.7429216 0 1.742922 27.882066 4.426688 4.858655
-5.5621581 -4.8227904 -3.4684438 -1.6220947 0 1.622095 3.468444 4.822790 5.562158
-5.7443968 -4.8338719 -3.0124313 -1.2770135 0 1.277014 3.012431 4.833872 5.744397
-5.7476851 -4.7558694 -2.7203959 -0.9735280 0 0.973528 2.720396 4.755869 5.747685
-5.7346048 -4.7215246 -2.6397547 -0.8967027 0 0.896703 2.639755 4.721525 5.734605
-5.7476851 -4.7558694 -2.7203959 -0.9735280 0 0.973528 2.720396 4.755869 5.747685
-5.7443968 -4.8338719 -3.0124313 -1.2770135 0 1.277014 3.012431 4.833872 5.744397
-5.5621581 -4.8227904 -3.4684438 -1.6220947 0 1.622095 3.468444 4.822790 5.562158
-4.8586550 -4.4266876 -27.8820655 -1.7429216 0 1.742922 27.882066 4.426688 4.858655
-3.0190867 -2.6088459 -1.9896094 -0.9331328 0 0.933133 1.989609 2.608846 3.019087
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nota:
A los valores leídos del gráfico y de la tabla hay que multiplicarlos por ½ q S
Grafico de Qx en y= b/2
2.61 3
0.93 1.99
0
-3 -2.61 -1.99 -0.93 x
Grafico de Qx en x= 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
y
x½ qS
0 Grafico de Qx en x= a/2 0
-3.02
-3.02 y
-4.86 -5.56 -5.56 -4.86
-6 -5.75 -5.73 -5.75 -6
Grafico de Qx en y= 0
6
2.64 4.72
0.90
-0.90 0
-6 -4.72 -2.64 x
Pagina 12 de 16
Estructuras III
Qy k =−
D
[wm − 4wl + 4wi − w n + wl +1 − wi +1 + wl −1 − wi −1 ]
2S 3
Esfuerzos de Corte
respecto al eje y
(Qy)
Nota:
A los valores leídos del gráfico y de la tabla hay que multiplicarlos por ½ q S
Pagina 13 de 16
Estructuras III
Grafico de Qy en y= b/2 0
0
-3.02
x
-3.02
-5.22 -5.22
-7 -7 -7
Grafico de Qy en y= 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x
x ½ qS
Grafico de Qy en x= a/2
2.43 3
-0.44 1.27 y
0 0 0 0 0 0.44
-2.43 -1.27
-3
Grafico de Qy en x= 0
7.08
2.90 6.17
0 0.72 0.49 0
Para el cálculo de las reacciones de los apoyos se parte de la expresión que vincula
al equilibrio de fuerzas, es decir,
⎛ ∂M xy ⎞
R x = −⎜⎜ Q x + ⎟
⎟
⎝ ∂y ⎠
⎛ ∂M xy ⎞
R y = −⎜⎜ Q y + ⎟
⎟
⎝ ∂ x ⎠
Recordando que:
∂2w
M xy = − D (1 − μ )
∂x∂y
Pagina 14 de 16
Estructuras III
D (1 − μ )
M xy =− (wl +1 − wi +1 − wl −1 + wi−1 )
k 4S 2
siendo:
∂M xy D (1 − μ )
=− ((wm+1 − wk +1 ) − (wk +1 − wn+1 ) − (wm−1 − wk −1 ) + (wk −1 − wn−1 ))
∂y k
4S3
∂M xy D (1 − μ )
=− ((wm+2 − wl ) − (wi +2 − w1 ) − (wl − wl −2 ) + (wi − wi−2 ))
∂x k
4S3
Resolviendo se tiene
Ry Rx
0 0
5.30966636 2.27852623
8.34017876 2.17149287
8.3147031 1.87246435
7.2341098 1.78837906
6.5709621 1.87246435
6.36021826 2.17149287
6.5709621 2.27852623
7.2341098 0
8.3147031
8.34017876
5.30966636
0
Y gráficamente,
7.23 7.23
6.57 6.36 6.57
5.31 5.31
0
x
0
Pagina 15 de 16
Estructuras III
2.28 2.28
2.17 2.17
1.87 1.79 1.87
0 0 y
Nota:
A los valores leídos del gráfico y de la tabla hay que multiplicarlos por q S
Pagina 16 de 16