Antiderivadatello
Antiderivadatello
Antiderivadatello
F(x)
f(x)
Dx
F(x)
DEFINICIN
Si para todo x I se cumple la
ecuacin F(x) = f(x), la funcin
F(x) es la primitiva de f(x) sobre
dicho intervalo.
Antd
DEFINICIN
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
y=F(x)+K
En el siguiente problema:
Antd ( f ( x)) ; F ( x o ) y o
y=F(x)
Yo
Xo
Q( xo , y o )
f ( x)
F ( x)
3. Antd(
F (x)
)=Ln
+k
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1.2
Integral Indefinida
f ( x)dx
y se define por : f ( x) dx F ( x) k
dF(x) = f(x) dx
dF ( x) f ( x)dx
f ( x)dx F ( x) K , K es
F(x)
f(x) dx
d1
es el elemento de integracin y
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
y'=
dy dy
=f ( x ) dy=f ( x ) .dx
dx dx
Geomtricamente
f ( x ) . dx=F(x )+ K
y=F( x)+ K
El problema:
( x )= y 0
F
Calcula f ( x ) . dx si
0
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
y0
x0
Ejemplo:
Calcule
Antd
[ Argtgh(x 3)]
12 x 2
1x 6
y= Argtgh ( x 3 )
tgh( y)=x 3
e y e y 3
=x
y
y
e +e
2y
e 1
=x 3
2y
e +1
2y
3 2y
e 1=x e + x
e 2 y ( 1x 3 ) =1+ x3
1+ x 3
e =
3
1x
2y
2 y=ln
1+ x 3
1x 3
( )
3
( )
1
1+ x
y= ln
3
2
1x
1
1+ x3
Argtgh ( x 3 )= ln
2
1x 3
( )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
( 1x 3 )
1
1
ln ( 1+ x 3 ) ln
2
2
3
( Argtgh ( x ) ) =
1 3 x2 1 3 x2
1 3 x 23 x 5+3 x 2 +3 x5
+
=
2 ( 1+ x 3 ) 2 (1x 3) 2
1x 6
2
( Argtgh ( x ) ) = 3 x 6
1x
( Argtgh v(x) ) =
Antd
4 [ Argtgh(x3 ) ] 3 x 2
3 2
1( x )
v ( x)
1v2(x)
( Argctgh v( x) ) =
;|v (x)|<1
v ( x)
2
1v(x)
;|v (x)|>1
3
F(x) =[ Argtgh ( x ) ] + K
Antd
Ejemplo: calcule
1
, c >0 ; abc >0
( cx+ d ) ax +b
Sol:
Antd
Antd
Antd
Antd
((
1
c
(ax)+ d
a
) ax+ b
1
((
c
(ax +bb)+ d
a
((
1
c
cb
(ax +b) +d
a
a
((
1
c
ad bc
( ax +b )+
a
a
) ax +b
) ax +b
) ax +b
)
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Antd
Antd
( ((
(
1
2
adbc
a
((
) )
c ax+ b +1 2 ax+ b
adbc
ax +b =
( cadbc
) ad bc c.2. a ax+ b
Antd
2 a c
((
2
Antd
c . adbc
F(x) =
) )
c ax +b
+1 adbc .2 ax+ b
c . ad bc .
adbc
a c
adbc .2 ax +b
( ((
2
Arctg
c . adbc
Antd
Ejercicio: calcule
) )
c ax +b + 1
adbc
ax+ b + K
( cadbc
)
1
; b>c >0
b+ ctg2 at
Sol:
Antd
(
(
1
c
b
b 1+ tg at
Antd
sen 2 x
tan x=
cos 2 x
2
cos x=1sen x
cos at
2
c
b cos at + sen at
b
2
, cosat >0
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Antd
cos at
b 1+
c
1 sen at
b
c
1
b
2
1+( sen at)
c
b 1
b
c
1cos at
b
Antd
( ArgSenhV (x) ) =
V (x)
1+ (V
(x)
ArgSenh
F(x) =
( cb 1 sen at )
b
ArgSenh
F(x) =
cb
b
c
1 sen at
b
+K
cb
Ejemplo:
1
2
Calcula: ( 5+tg 3 x ) 5 . sec ( 3 x ) dx
Solucin
1
1
5
( 5+tg 3 x ) 5 . sec 2 ( 3 x ) .3 dx= d ( 5+tg 3 x ) 5
3
18
6
5
I = ( 5+tg3 x ) 5 + K
18
PROPIEDADES:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1:
bf ( x ) dx=b f ( x ) dx , b=cte
2:
d F (x)= F( x)+ K
3:
4:
d f ( x ) dx=f ( x ) dx
5:
D x f ( x ) dx=f ( x )
F(ax )
6: si
7: si
8: si
+K
F (ax +b )
+K
a
f ( x) . g(x) dx f (x ) dx . g(x) dx
9:
10:
g ( x ) dx
( x)
f ( x ) dx
g (x) dx
Ejemplo:
1+ x1x e Argtghx
Solucin:
Ordenando la expresin del corchete, dividiendo numerador y denominador
por:
1x
1+ x + 1x eArgtghx
1+ x 1x eAr gtghx
1+ x + eArgtghx 1 ln 1+ x
( )
e 2 1x + eArgtghx e Argtghx +e Argtghx
1x
=
= Argtghx Argtghx
1+ x
1+ x e Argtghx 12 ln( 1x
e
e
)
Argtghx
e
e
1x
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ctgh ( Argtghx )=
1
1
=
Tgh ( ArgTghx ) x
( x 1. x +1 ) x
2
dx =
( x ) 1
2 2
dx
1
I = ln [ x 2+ x 4 1 ]+ k ; I =ArgCosh x 2 +k
2
Ejercicio: resolver
x=
dx
=f (t ) dx=f ( t ) dt
dt
dx= f ( t) dt
x= f (t ) dt
( Sen 2 t +Senht .Cosht 2 cosh 2 t )
Senht 2Cosht
SenhtCosht
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x=
dt
Cschtdt
+
Senht +2Cosht
senht cosht
I1
I 1 =
I2
dt
dt
dt
dt
= t
=
=2 t t
t
Senht+2 Cosht
3 t 1 t
e e
3 e +e
e+ e
+e t +et
2
2
2 2
I 1 =2
et
2
3 e t dt= 2 Arctg ( 3 et )
dt=
3 e2 t + 1
3 ( 3 e t )2 +1
3
I 2 =
Cscht
dt
senhtcosht
I 2 =
Cscht
Csch t
dt=
dt
1Ctght
senht ( 1Ctght )
I 2 = d ( ln |1Ctght |)
I 2 =ln |1Ctght|
x=
2
Arctg ( 3 e t ) + ln|1Ctght|+ K
3
Ejemplo: resolver
dr
3 sen. coscos
=
d 9 sen 2 +12 sen+12
3 sen . coscos
d
9 sen2 + 12 sen+12
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2
3
3 4 ( 3 sen2 )2
9 sen +12 sen+12
r=
1
1
3 sen2
9 sen2 + 12 sen+12+ ArcSen
+K
3
3
4
Ejemplo:
2 sen 2 (sen 5 t)
10
1
d ( cos 5 t . ctg( sen 5 t) )
10
I=
Ejercicio: calcular
x ln x .cosxxsenx . ln xcosx
dx
x
2
e . x . ln x
dx
[ cosx ( x ln x ln x2 ) +d ( x ln x cosx ) ] dx
ex . x . ln 2 x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
(ex ln x )
cosx .
. ( x ln xln x2 ) +d ( x ln x cosx )
(ex ln x )
ex . x . ln 2 x
dx
dividiendo por
Multiplicando y
x ln x
F=
( ex ln. xx..cosx
ln x )
2
e x cosx
+k
ln x
dv =v +k
2:
v
+k ; m1
v m dv= m+1
3:
v1 dv=
4:
e v dv=e v +k
m+ 1
dv
=ln|v|+k
v
5:
a v dv= lna a + k
6:
senvdv=cosv + k
7:
cosvdv =senv +k
8:
tgvdv=ln|cosv|+ k= ln|secv|+ k
9:
ctgvdv=ln|senv|+ k
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
10:
sec2 vdv=tgv+ k
11:
12:
secv .tgvdv=secv+k
13:
cscv . ctgvdv=cscv + k
14:
secvdv=ln|secv+ tgv|+k
15:
cscvdv=ln|cscvctgv|+ k
16:
17:
18:
19:
dv
1
v
= Arcsec
+k
2
2
a
a
|v| a v
20:
dv
1
v
= Arctg
+k
2
a
a
v +a
21:
dv
1
va
=
ln
+k
2
2a
v +a
v a
dv
v
= Arcsen
+k
2
2
a
a v
()
()
()
| |
| |
dv
1
a+v
1
v
1
v
=
ln
+ k= Artgh
+k (|v|<1 ) = Artgh
+ k (|v|> 1 )
2
2
a
av
a
a
a
a
a
v
22:
22:
senhvdv=coshv +k
23:
coshvdv =senhv +k
()
()
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
24:
tghvdv=ln|coshv|+k
25:
ctghvdv=ln|senhv|+ k
26:
27:
csch2 vdv=ctghv + k
28:
sechv .tghvdv=sechv + k
29:
cschv . ctghvdv=cschv+ k
30:
31:
dv
v
= ln|v + v 2a 2|+k =Argcosh
+k
2
2
a
v a
32:
ln v dv=v ( ln v 1 )+ k
33:
v e v dv=ev ( v1 )+ k
34:
1
v
a2 v 2 dv= 2 v a2v2 + a2 Arcsen ( a ) +k
35:
a2 + v 2 dv = 2 ( v a2 + v 2+ a2 ln|v + a2 + v2|) +k
36:
37:
38:
e pv cosqvdv=
dv
v
=ln |v + v 2 +a2|+ k= Argsenh
+k
2
2
a
v +a
()
()
pv
e pv (
pcosqvqsenqv )+ k
p 2+ q2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejercicios:
1.
Antd (
Lnx
)
xLn 2 x 4 x
Calcule
Solucin
1
2 Lnx
1 x
f ( x)
2 ( Ln 2 x 4)
Luego F(x)=
F ( x)
Antd (
Lnx
)
xLn 2 x 4 x
1
Ln ( Ln 2 x 4)
2
Como D
F ( x)
x F ( x) f ( x)
Antd (
2. Calcule:
Solucin:
1
Ln( Ln 2 x 4 ) K
2
4
)
(tg x 9) cos 2 x
2
f ( x)
sec 2 x
Antd (4 f ( x))
tg 2 x 3 2
D x Arctg (V ( x ))
V ' ( x)
V 2 ( x) 1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
f ( x)
sec 2 x
1
sec 2 x
tg 2 x
3 3(( tgx ) 2 1)
9(
1)
3
9
D x ( F ( x)) f ( x)
F ( x)
4
tgx
Arctg ( ) K
3
3
Antd (
3.
a)Calcule
f ( x)
e2x
e4x 7
1
(
2
2e 2 x
e2x 2
7 (
) 1
7
) Antd ( f ( x))
V ' ( x)
V 2 ( x) 1
d ( F ( x )) f ( x )
1
e2x
F ( x) Arg cosh( ) K
2
7
Ejemplo:
Antd
1
3
(1 x)( ( x 2)) x 2
3
Solucin:
Sabemos que:
Arctg [
( x2)
3
]=
( ( 3 x2 ) )
3
x2+1
'
'
( 3 x 2)
2.( 3 x1)(
( x2 ) )
3
1
3
(x 2)'
3
2.( x1)(
( x2 ) )
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2 /3
x
1
( )
3
1
=
6. ((1 x)(
3
( x2 ) )) . x
3
Entonces, en el problema:
1
( x2 ) )) . x
3
Por lo tanto:
( x2)
3
F(x) = -6Arctg (
+c
Ejercicio:
Calcule sin utilizar integral indefinida ni mtodo de integracin:
1
xa
( ba)( 1(
) )( xa) ]
ba
Por lo tanto:
1
xa
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Graficar la Antd [
22 x 2
2x2
integral indefinida).
Solucin:
Antd [
22 x 2
2x2
] = Antd [
2x 2x 2
2x 2
= Antd [
2x 2
= Antd [
2x 2
] = Antd [
+ x (x)
2x
2x
] = Antd [
x 2
2x2
2x 2
+ x.
2 '
( 2x ) ]
'
. ( x)
'
2
+ x. ( 2x ) ]
Por lo tanto:
F(x)= x.
2x 2
+c
212
+c c=0
Luego:
F(x)=f(x)= x.
F(x)=f(x)=
2x 2
22 x 2
2x2
=0
22 x 2 = 0 x = 1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejercicio:
Calcule Antd [
( 4x 2 ) ArgCsch ( 4x 2)
x
Solucin:
Antd [
( 4x 2 ) ArgCsch ( 4x 2)
x
x
= Antd [
ArgCsc h( 4x ) ArgCsc h2 ( 4x 2 )
16. ( 4 x )
(
+1)( 5x 2 )
4
16
2
ArgCsc h( 4x2 )
4
Antd
[
16
ArgCsc h( 4x 2)
( 4x 2 )
4
x
Pero:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
'
V ( X )
|V (X )| V (x)2 +1
Entonces:
(4x 2)
Sea V(x) =
ArgCsch
Luego:
(4x 2 )
(4x 2)
ArgCsch( 4)'
(4x 2 )
ArgCsch( 4x 2)
4
ArgCsch .
(4x2 )
ArgCsc h( 4x 2)
(4x 2 )
D(x) ArgCsch [
ArgCsc h
]=
ArgCsc h( 4)
x
4( 4x 2) 5x 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
ArgCsc h ( 4x 2)
4
2
( 4x ) ArgCsc h( 4x2 )
x
En el problema:
1
4
1
4
ArgCsch( 4x 2 )
4
Antd [
]
( 4x 2 ) ArgCsch ( 4x 2)
x
(4x 2 )
Finalmente resulta:
1
F ( x )=
4
(4x 2)
ArgCsch [ ArgCsch ] + c
4e 6 x 4e 4 x 8e 2 x
e 8 x 3e 4 x 4 dx
b) Calcule:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2(e 4 x e 2 x 2)2e 2 x
(e 8 x 4e 4 x 4) e 4 x dx
2( e 4 x e 2 x 2) 2e 2 x
(e 4 x 2) 2 e 4 x dx
2(e 4 x e 2 x 2) 2e 2 x
(e 4 x e 2 x 2)(e 4 x e 2 x 2) dx
2
2
2e 2 x
dx
( e 4 x e 2 x 2)
(e 4 x
(e 2 x
2e 2 x
dx
1
7 2
2x
e )(
)
4
2
2e 2 x
dx
1 2
7 2
) ( )
2
2
F ( x)
1
2e 2 x 1
F ( x) 2
Arctg (
)K
7
7
2
4 7
2e 2 x 1
Arctg (
)K
7
7
c)Demuestre que
csc xdx ln | tg 2 | K
x
sec2
1
1
1
1
2 dx
dx
dx
senx dx
x
x
x
x
2
2 sen cos
2sen
tg
2
2
2 . cos2 x
2
x
2
cos
2
x
x 1
2 dx d (ln tg x ) ln | tg x | K csc xdx ln | tg x | K
d ln | tg |
x
2 2
2
2
2
tg
2
sec 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x 3tg
4.
Ant (
Calcule:
Solucin
2
x
f ( x )=x tg
F ( x) x 2 tg
2
2
x 2 sec 2
x
x)
x2
)
2
2
sec
x
()
2
x
d ( F ( x )) ( 2 xtg
2
2
2
x 2 (sec ) 2 .( 2 ))
x
x
x
d ( F ( x )) 2( xtg
2
2
sec 2 )
x
x
1
2
2 2
F ( x )= Antd (2 xtg x 2 sec sec 2
)
2
x
x x2
()
1
2
F ( x )= x 2 tg ( )
2
x
Ejemplo:
Calcula:
Antd
e 1/ x
=e x + K
2
x
( )
F(x) =e x + K
Ejemplo
Calcule
Antd
[ Argtgh(x 3)]
12 x 2
1x 6
y= Argtgh ( x 3 )
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
tgh( y)=x 3
e y e y 3
=x
e y + ey
e2 y 1
3
=x
2y
e +1
e 2 y 1=x 3 e2 y + x 3
e 2 y ( 1x 3 ) =1+ x3
e2 y=
1+ x 3
3
1x
1+ x 3
2 y=ln
3
1x
( )
1
1+ x 3
y= ln
2
1x3
( )
1
1+ x3
3
(
)
Argtgh x = ln
3
2
( )
1x
( 1x 3 )
1
1
3
ln ( 1+ x ) ln
2
2
3
( Argtgh ( x ) ) =
1 3 x2 1 3 x2
1 3 x 23 x 5+3 x 2 +3 x5
+
=
2 ( 1+ x 3 ) 2 (1x 3) 2
1x 6
3 x2
(
)
( Argtgh x ) =
1x 6
( Argtgh v(x) ) =
Antd
4 [ Argtgh(x ) ] 3 x
3 2
1( x )
v ( x)
1v2(x)
( Argctgh v( x) ) =
;|v (x)|<1
v ( x)
2
1v(x)
;|v (x)|>1
3
F(x) =[ Argtgh ( x ) ] + K
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Antd
Ejemplo: calcule
Sol:
Antd
Antd
Antd
Antd
Antd
Antd
((
1
c
(ax)+ d
a
) ax+ b
1
((
c
(ax +bb)+ d
a
((
1
c
cb
(ax +b) +d
a
a
((
1
c
ad bc
( ax +b )+
a
a
( ((
(
) ax +b
) ax +b
) ax +b
1
2
adbc
a
((
) )
c ax+ b +1 2 ax+ b
adbc
ax +b =
( cadbc
) ad bc c.2. a ax+ b
Antd
2 a c
((
) )
c ax +b
+1 adbc .2 ax+ b
c . ad bc .
adbc
)
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2
Antd
c . adbc
F(x) =
a c
adbc .2 ax +b
( ((
2
Arctg
c . adbc
Antd
Ejercicio: calcule
) )
c ax +b + 1
adbc
ax+ b + K
( cadbc
)
1
; b>c >0
b+ ctg 2 at
Sol:
Antd
(
(
1
2
c
b
b 1+ tg at
Antd
Antd
tan x=
2
cos at
cos at
2
c
b 1+ 1 sen at
b
, cosat >0
c
1
b
Antd
( ArgSenhV (x) ) =
V (x)
1+ (V
(x)
ArgSenh
F(x) =
cos x=1sen x
2
c
b cos 2 at + sen at
b
sen 2 x
cos 2 x
( cb 1 sen at )
cb
b
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
ArgSenh
F(x) =
( cb 1 sen at ) + K
cb
x dx
5
1.
x 51
x6
k
k
x dx
5 1
6
5
2.
(x
(x
x )dx
x )dx
(x x
3.
1/ 2
1 1
1
1
2
3
2
x
x
x
x
x2 2 x3
)dx
k
3
11 1
2
2
3
1
2
2
x2 2x x
k
2
3
3
x x
dx
4
x
3
x x
dx
4
x
(3 x
6 x
Sol:
1
2
3
2
1
1
2
1 2
x x k
10
3
1
2
1
2
1
x
1 x
x
1 x
x )dx 3
k 3
k
1
1 4 5
4
4 3
1
1
2
2
2
2
1 x5
1 2
6 x
k 6 x
x x k
2 5
10
4.
x 2 dx
x
5
2
Sol:
2 2
x x k
5
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x dx
5.
2
1
2
dx
7.
Sol:
( x 2 4 x
3
2
2)dx
x
x
4
2x k
3
21
1
2
x
x
1
1
1
8
4
2x k 8 1 2x k
2x k
1
1
x
x
x
2
x
2
Sol:
1
1
1
4
44 3
x k
3
x 4
x4
4x 4
4
x dx
k
k
k
1
3
3
3
1
4
4
1
x 3 dx
x
3
1
2
1
2
dx
x
1
8
2x k
x
x
2 1
dx
4
x
5
2
x
x
2 x5
2x2 x
x dx
k
k
k
k
3
5
5
5
1
2
2
4
1
2 dx
2
x x
x
6.
3
1
2
3
2
4
1
2 dx
2
x x
x
1
x 2 3 dx
x
Sol:
1
3
5
3
x3 k
x5 3 2 3 2
x x 33 x k
5 4
dx ( x 4 2 x x
2
3
1
3
1
3
x 5 x 3 3 . x 3 K x 5 3 x 8 3. 3 x K
5
4
5
4
1 5 3 23 2
x x . x 3.3 x K
5
4
x5
x3 x3
).dx
2
K
8
1
5
3
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
8.
Lx
dx
x
Ln( x )
dx
x
Sol:
Ln( x )
dx
x
(Ln( x )) 2
f f ' dx
k
2
tg x sec x dx
2
9.
cos 3 x sen x dx
Sol:
f3
f'
1
( x 2 1) 3 k
3
Sol:
1
x x 1 dx
2
cos 4 x
k
4
cos 4 x
k
4
x x 2 1 dx
13.
sen3 x
k
3
sen3 x
f 2 f ' dx
k
3
3
cos 3 x sen x dx cos
x ) dx
x ( sen
12.
(tg x ) 2
f 1 f ' dx
k
2
Sol:
Sol:
1
tg 2 x k
2
sen2 x cos x dx
sen2 x cos x dx
11.
tg x sec2 x dx
10.
1 2
L xk
2
3
2
( x 2 1) 3
1 ( x 1)
2 x ( x 1) dx
k
k
3
2
3
f'
1/ 2
f
2
1
2
xdx
2x 3
1
2x2 3 k
2
Sol:
1
1
1 ( 2 x 2 3) 2
1
4 x ( 2 x 2 3) 2 dx
k
2x2 3 k
2
1
4
4
2
f'
2x 3
f 1 / 2
2
xdx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
xdx
2x2 3
14.
x3 1
x3 1
Sol:
1
2
1
f k
2x2 3 k
2
2
x3 1 k
3
1
2
3
3 x 2 dx
x3 1
f'
dx
2 f
cos x
dx
sen2 x
2
f k
x3 1 k
3
Sol:
2
cos
x sen
x dx
f'
f 2
Sol:
1
2
2 x ( x 2 1) 4 dx
f'
sen x
dx
cos 3 x
f4
1
k
sen x
sen1 x
1
k
k
1
sen x
x ( x 2 1) 4 dx
x ( x 2 1) 4 dx
17.
f'
dx
2 f
1
1 ( x 3 1) 2
2
x 2 ( x 3 1) dx
3 x 2 ( x 3 1) 2 dx
k
x3 1 k
1
3
3
3
2
cos x
dx
sen2 x
16.
x 1
x 2 dx
2 2x
4 xdx
15.
2
4
x 2 dx
x 2 dx
( x 2 1) 5
k
10
1 ( x 2 1) 5
( x 2 1) 5
k
k
2
5
10
Sol:
1
k
2 cos 2 x
sen x
cos 2 x
1
3
dx
k
sen
x cos
x dx 2 k
3
cos x
2 cos 2 x
f'
f 3
18.
tg x
dx
cos 2 x
Sol:
tg 2 x
k
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
tg x
dx
cos 2 x
19.
1
tg 2 x
tg
x
dx
k
2
2
cos
x
f1
f'
cotg x
dx
sen2 x
cotg 2 x
k
2
Sol:
cotg x
1
cotg 2 x
dx
cotg
x
dx
k
2
sen2 x
sen2 x
20.
1
dx
cos x tg x 1
Sol:
1
dx
cos x tg x 1
2
21.
2 tg x 1 k
1
(tg x 1)
cos 2 x
Ln ( x 1)
x 1 dx
1
2
1
2
(tg x 1)
k 2 tg x 1 k
1
2
dx
Sol:
Ln 2 ( x 1)
k
2
Ln ( x 1)
1
Ln 2 ( x 1)
dx
Ln
(
x
1
)
dx
k
x 1
1 x 1
2
f
22.
23.
f'
cos x
dx
2sen x 1
Sol:
1
2sen x 1 k
cos x
1
1 ( 2sen x 1) 2
dx 2 cos
x ( 2sen x 1) 2 dx
k 2sen x 1 k
1
2
2
2sen x 1
f'
f 1 / 2
2
sen 2 x
dx
(1 cos 2 x ) 2
Sol:
1
k
2(1 cos 2 x )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
sen 2 x
1
dx
2
2
(1 cos 2 x )
1
k
2(1 cos 2 x )
24.
sen2 x
dx
1 sen2 x
sen2 x
1 sen2 x
dx
Sol:
25.
cos x
tg x 1
2
cos x
26.
tg x 1
dx
1 (1 cos 2 x ) 1
2sen 2 x (1 cos 2 x ) 2 dx
k
2
1
sen2 x (1 sen2 x ) 2 dx
2sen
sen2 x ) 2 dx
x cos
x (1
f'
f 1 / 2
1
2
(1 sen x )
k 2 1 sen2 x k
1
2
2
dx
Sol:
2 1 sen2 x k
1
2
(tg x 1)
cos 2 x
dx
( 2 3sen 2 x ) 3
cos 2 x
1
dx
3
6
( 2 3sen 2 x )
2
(tg x 1) 3 k
3
3
2
1
(tg x 1)
2
dx
k
(tg x 1) 3 k
2
3
3
cos x
2
Sol:
1
1
k
12 ( 2 3sen 2 x ) 2
6 cos 2 x ( 2 3sen 2 x ) 3 dx
1 ( 2 3sen 2 x ) 2
k
6
2
1
1
k
12 ( 2 3sen 2 x ) 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
27.
cos 3 x
dx
Sol:
4
3
Ln 2 x
Sol:
1
1 x2
dx
1 x2
Sol:
arc sen2 x
k
2
arc cos 3 x
k
3
arc cos 3 x
arc cos x
dx
k
3
1 x2
2
arc tg x
dx
1 x2
arc tg x
dx
1 x2
Ln 3 x
k
3
arc sen2 x
k
2
arc cos 2 x dx
1 x2
1
k
cos 3 x
1
Ln 3 x
dx
k
x
3
arc sen x
arc cos 2 x dx
Sol:
1 x2
1 x2
1
k
cos 3 x
1 cos 3 3 x
3sen
3
x
cos
3
x
dx
k
1
3
4 / 3
f'
f
arc sen x dx
arc sen x dx
Ln 2 x dx
x
Ln 2 x dx
31.
32.
30.
1
dx
3
cos 4 3 x
29.
sen 3 x
3
sen 3 x
28.
arc tg x
Sol:
arc tg 2 x
k
2
1
arc tg 2 x
dx
k
2
1 x2
arc ctg x
dx
1 x2
Sol:
arc ctg 2 x
k
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
arc ctg x
1
arc ctg 2 x
dx
arc
ctg
x
dx
k
2
1 x2
1 x2
33.
x
1
dx
2
x 1
34.
36.
38.
Ln 1 x k
Sol:
Sol:
3
dx
3x 7
Sol:
2
dx
5 2x
x 1
dx
x 2x 3
Sol:
2( x 1)
1
dx
2
x 2x 3
2
dx
x Ln x
1
L 5 2x k
2
f'
1
dx Ln f k Ln 5 2 x k
f
2
x 1
1
dx
2
x 2x 3
1
Ln 3x 7 k
3
f'
1
dx Ln f k Ln 3 x 7 k
f
3
dx
5 2x
f'
dx Ln f k Ln 1 x k
f
dx
3x 7
dx
1
5 2x
2
37.
1
Ln ( x 2 1) k
2
f'
1
dx Ln f k Ln ( x 2 1) k
f
2
dx
1 x
dx
1
3x 7 3
2x
dx
2
x 1
Sol:
dx
1
dx
1 x
1 x
35.
x
dx
x 1
2
1
L x2 2x 3 k
2
2x 2
1
dx L x 2 2 x 3 k
2
x 2x 3
2
Ln Ln x k
Sol:
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
dx
x
Ln x
f'
dx Ln | f | k Ln | Ln x | k
f
tg x dx
39.
tg x dx
40.
Ln cos x k
Sol:
sen x
dx
cos x
sen x
dx Ln cos x K
cos x
tg 2 x dx
Sol:
tg 2 x dx
sen 2 x
1
dx
cos 2 x
2
1
L cos 2 x k
2
2sen 2 x
1
dx Ln cos 2 x K
cos 2 x
2
ctg x dx
41.
ctg x dx
42.
Ln sen x k
Sol:
cos x
dx Ln sen x K
sen x
ctg (5 x 7) dx
Sol:
ctg (5 x 7 ) dx
43.
44.
dx
x Ln x
5 cos(5 x 7)
1
dx Ln sen (5 x 7 ) K
sen (5 x 7 )
5
dx
ctg 3 x
dx
ctg 3 x
cos(5 x 7 )
1
dx
sen (5 x 7 )
5
ctg
tg 3 x dx
Sol:
sen 3 x
1
dx
cos 3 x
3
x
dx
3
1
L sen (5 x 7) k
5
1
L cos 3 x k
3
3sen 3 x
1
dx Ln cos 3 x K
cos 3 x
3
3L sen
Sol:
x
k
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
ctg
x
dx
3
x
1
x
cos
3 dx 3 3
3 dx 3 Ln sen x K
x
x
3
sen
sen
3
3
cos
(ctg e )e
x
45.
dx
L sen e x k
Sol:
(ctg e x )e x dx
tg 4 x ctg
46.
(cos e x )e x
dx Ln sen e x K
x
sen e
x
dx
4
Sol:
1
x
Sol : Ln cos 4 x 4Ln sen k
4
4
tg 4 x ctg
x
dx
4
47.
48.
1
4
x
sen 4 x cos
4 dx
x
cos 4 x
sen
sen 4 x
dx
cos 4 x
x
4 dx
x
sen
4
cos
1
x
cos
4sen 4 x
4 dx 1 Ln cos 4 x 4 Ln sen x k
dx 4 4
x
cos 4 x
4
4
sen
4
cos x
dx
2sen x 3
cos x
1
dx
2sen x 3
2
Sol:
1
Ln ( 2sen x 3) k
2
2 cos x
1
dx Ln ( 2sen x 3) k
2sen x 3
2
dx
(1 x ) arc tg x
Ln arc tg x k
Sol:
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
dx
(1 x ) arc tg x
2
cos
49.
dx
x ( 3tg x 1)
dx
cos x ( 3tg x 1)
2
50.
1
1 x 2 dx Ln arc tg x k
arc tg x
Sol:
1
cos 2 x dx 1
3tg x 1
3
1
Ln ( 3tg x 1) k
3
3
cos 2 x dx 1 Ln ( 3tg x 1) k
3tg x 1
3
dx
Ln arc sen x k
1 x arc sen x
2
Sol:
dx
1 x 2 arc sen x
51.
53.
x
2
Sol:
Sol:
1
2
1
Ln 2 3sen 2 x k
6
6 cos 2 x
1
dx Ln 2 3sen 2 x k
2 3sen 2 x
6
e 2 x dx
e 2 x dx
1 x 2 dx Ln arc sen x k
arc sen x
cos 2 x
dx
2 3sen 2 x
cos 2 x
1
dx
2 3sen 2 x
6
52.
2e 2 x dx
1 2x
e k
2
f ' e f dx e f k e 2 x k
2
x
2
e 2 dx
Sol:
1 2
e dx 2
e dx
2
f ' e dx e
2e k
x
2
k 2e k
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
54.
sen x
Sol:
55.
Sol:
1
2Ln a
Sol:
dx
59.
dx
Sol:
e 4 x dx
1 4x
e k
4
1
1
4e 4 x dx e 4 x k
4
4
Sol:
1
e 3 x k
3
1
1
( 3)e 3 x dx e 3 x k
3
3
5 x e x dx
5 e dx
x
e 3 x dx
e 3 x dx
ae k
1 a
e dx ae a k
a
2x 2
58.
x
a
e
2x 2
D(a
e dx
ax
k
2L a
2
1
x2
a x 2 x Ln
a dx 2Ln a a k
x2
x
a
e a dx a
57.
f ' e f dx e f k e sen x k
x dx
e sen x k
x2
a x x dx
56.
cos x dx
e sen x cos x dx
Sol:
5x e x
k
Ln 5 1
1
1
5x e x
x
x
(5e ) dx
(5e ) Ln(5e )dx
( 5e ) k
k
Ln(5e )
Ln(5e )
Ln 5 1
x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
60.
5x
5x
5x
dx
Sol:
a 5 x dx
1
1
5e 5 x dx
5
5 Ln a
1 5x a5x
e
k
5
L a
5a 5 x Ln a d x
1 5x
1
e
a5x k
5
5 Ln a
1 5x a5x
k
e
5
L a
61.
ex
ex
4 x 3
( x 2) dx
Sol:
4 x 3
1
2
( x 2) dx
ex
4 x 3
2( x 2) dx
1 x 2 4 x 3
e
k
2
1 x 2 4 x 3
e
k
2
x
62.
(a x b x ) 2
dx
a xbx
(a x b x ) 2
dx
a xb x
a
b
1
a
Ln a Ln b b
b
a
Sol:
a 2 x 2a x b x b 2 x
dx
a xb x
1
a
2 dx
b
a
Ln
b
x
1
b
Ln b Ln a a
2x k
a 2x
b2x
x x x x 2 dx
a b
a b
1
b
a
b
Ln
a
ax bx
x x 2 dx
a
b
2x k
2x k
a
b
b
2x k
Ln a Ln b Ln a Ln b
a
b
b
a
LaLb
a
b
b
a
LaLb
2x k
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
63.
Sol:
Sol:
1
5
5 cos 5 xdx
1
sen 5 x k
5
x
sen dx
3
3 cos
Sol:
x
1
x
sen dx 3
sen dx
3
3
3
3 cos
x
k
3
sec2 (7 x 2)dx
67.
1
7
Sol:
7 sec2 (7 x 2)dx
1
tg ( 7 x 2) k
7
Sol:
1
6
1
tg (7 x 2) k
7
x cos 3 x 2 dx
x cos(3 x 2 )dx
x
k
3
sec (7 x 2)dx
66.
1
Ln ( 3 4e x ) k
4
4e x
1
dx Ln ( 3 4e x ) k
x
4
3 4e
cos 5 xdx
cos 5 xdx
65.
ex
dx
3 4e x
ex
1
dx
x
4
3 4e
64.
6 x cos(3 x 2 )dx
1
sen 3 x 2 k
6
1
sen ( 3 x 2 ) k
6
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
tg
68.
x dx
Sol:
tg x x k
tg 2 x 1 sec2 x tg 2 x sec2 x 1,
entonces
tg
69.
tg
Sol:
cos Ln( x)
sen Ln(x) k
1
dx sen Ln(x) k
x
Sol:
tg 2 x
Ln cos x k
2
x dx tg x dx
tg x tg x dx tg x (sec x 1) dx tg x sec
2
f1
tg 2 x
sen x
tg 2 x
dx
cos x
2
cos x
x
1 x4
dx
x
x
1 x
dx
Sol:
cos x
2 sen x k
1
1
dx 2 cos x
dx 2 sen x k
x
2 x
dx
Sol:
sen x
tg 2 x
dx
Ln cos x k
cos x
2
dx
x
cos x
72.
tg 3 x dx
x dx
71.
cos Ln( x)
dx
x
cos Ln( x)
dx
x
70.
x dx
x
1 ( x 2 )2
dx
f '( x)
1 ( f ( x )) 2
1
arc sen x 2 k
2
arc sen f ( x ) k
arccos f ( x ) k
dx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
73.
1 4x
1 4x
9 4x
dx
1 (2 x )
1
2
2dx
1 (2 x )
4x
9(1
)
9
1
2
3 1 2 x
dx
2x
1
3
1 ( f ( x ))
1 ( f ( x ))
2
dx
a b x
dx
a 2 b2 x 2
1
b
Sol:
dx
b2 x 2
a (1 2 )
a
b
dx
a
bx
dx
2x
1 3
3 2
1
bx
arc sen ( ) k
b
a
1 ( f ( x )) 2
2x
1
bx
arc sen ( ) k
b
a
f ' ( x )dx
2
dx
3
1
2x
arc sen ( ) k
2
3
a 1 bx
dx
1
arc sen (2 x ) k
2
1
2x
arc sen ( ) k
2
3
f ' ( x )dx
2
dx
3
f ' ( x )dx
Sol:
1
arc sen ( x 2 ) k
2
1
arc sen (2 x ) k
2
dx
1 ( f ( x )) 2
Sol:
f ' ( x )dx
dx
9 4x
75.
1 ( x 2 )2
dx
dx
2x
dx
dx
74.
1
2
dx
bx
1
1 a
a b
b
dx
a
bx
1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
76.
80.
81.
Sol:
2e 2 x
dx
2x
2e
Sol:
ex
dx
x 2
1 (e )
dx
1
2
4
x
4(1
)
4
2 dx
2
1 ( 2 x)
Sol:
1 x
xdx
4
x a4
arc tg (e x ) k
f '( x)
dx arc tg f ( x ) k arc tg (e x ) k
2
1 ( f ( x ))
Sol:
dx
1
2
1 ( 2 x)
2
1
Ln ( 2 e 2 x ) k
2
f '( x)
1
dx Ln ( 2 e 2 x ) k
f ( x)
2
dx
4 x2
dx
4 x2
1
Ln ( 3 4e x ) k
4
f '( x)
1
dx Ln ( 3 4e x ) k
f ( x)
4
dx
1 2x 2
dx
1 2x2
4e x
dx
x
3 4e
ex
dx
1 e 2x
ex
dx
1 e 2x
79.
Sol:
e2x
dx
2 e2x
e2x
1
dx
2x
2
2e
78.
ex
dx
3 4e x
ex
1
dx
x
4
3 4e
77.
dx
1
2
4
1
arc tg ( 2 x ) k
2
f '( x)
1
dx
arc tg ( 2 x ) k
2
1 ( f ( x ))
2
1
x
arc tg ( ) k
2
2
1
dx
2
x
1
2
Sol:
1
x
arc tg ( ) k
2
2
1
x2
arc
tg
(
)k
2a 2
a2
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
xdx
x a4
4
82.
xdx
1
4
4
x
a
a 4 ( 4 1)
a
1
2a 2
2x
dx
a2
x2
1 2
a
xdx
1
4
4
x
a
1 4
a
1 x
xdx
Sol:
cos xdx
a2
cos xdx
a2
1
cos xdx
1
1
a
2 a
2
a
a
sen x
1
x 1 Ln ( x)
1
cos xdx
1
sen x
a
arc tg (
)k
2
a
a
sen x
1
x 1 Ln ( x)
dx
84.
arccos x x
1 x2
Sol:
1
dx
1 (Ln ( x )) 2
f ' ( x )dx
1 ( f ( x )) 2
dx
Sol:
1
(arccos( x )) 2 1 x 2 k
2
dx
83.
1
sen x
arc tg (
)k
a
a
2x
dx
a2
x2
1 2
a
1
x2
arc
tg
(
)k
2a 2
a2
cos xdx
a sen2 x
cos xdx
sen2 x
1 a
a4 2
a 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
arccos x x
1 x
dx
arccos x
1 x
dx
x
1 x
dx arccos
x
f1
1
1 x
f'
85.
f 1 f ' dx
f'
1
dx (arccos( x )) 2 1 x 2 k
2
2 f
x arctg x
dx
1 x2
Sol:
1
1
Ln(1 x 2 ) (arctg x ) 2 k
2
2
x arctg x
x
arctg x
1 2x
dx
dx
dx
dx arctg
2
2
2
2
2 1 x
1 x
1 x
1 x
f '( x)
dx
f ( x)
1
1
f 1 f ' dx Ln( 1 x 2 ) (arctg x ) 2 k
2
2
Problema Propuesto:
[ 16e . ln ( e
8x
2x
+ e + 4 ) . tan ( 0.5 e ) + e
4x
2x
2x
ln tan (0.5 e )
2
Ejemplo:
*
dx
tg x10 tgx+29 . cos2 x
2
sec 2 xdx
(tgx5 )2 +2
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2x
2x
e dx
1
2 e dx
1
e + 22
= 2 x 2 2 = ln 2 x
+k
4x
2x
2
4
e
+4
e
e
+2+2
(
)
e
+2
2
*
| |
2x
1
e
ln 2 x
+k
4
e +4
I=
ArgCosh ( x )
x 21
dx
7 ArgCosh( x )
+k
ln 7
f ( g ( u ) ) . g ( u ) du
Sea diferenciable
z=g ( u )
dz=g ( u ) du
f ( z ) dz
I =F ( z )+ k
I =F ( g( u) ) + k
METODO DE INTEGRACIN POR PARTES
Sean las funciones U y V diferenciables en cierto intervalo I.
d (u . v )=udv+ vdu
d ( u . v )= udv + vdu
udv= d ( u . v ) vdu
udv=uv vdu
En la integracin por partes depende de la eleccin ptima por el estudiante
de: u, dv para que se genere una nueva integral del
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
do
miembro
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
dx
senx
cosx
ex
2 x
;
e
dx
;
dx
;
dx
;
ln x
x
x
x1 dx
2
dx
Calcule:
3 2 3 3
x ( 1 x ) ( x 2 )
t 2 = x 2 t= x2
3
t 2=3 x+2
1t 2 =13 x
1
2tdt = x
3
I =
2
3
Diferenciando:
dx
6 tdt
( 1+t 2 ) t
I =6
dt
=6 Arctg ( t )
t +1
2
I =6 Arctg ( x2 ) + k
3
Ejercicios:
1:
dx
( x1 ) ArgSech ( 2 x2 ) . 4 x 2+ 8 x3
( ArgSech ( 2 x2 ) ) =
( 2 x2 )
2 ( x1 ) 1( 2 x2 )
2
2 ( x1 ) 4 x2 +8 x3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =
dx
3 2
. .
( x1 ) ArgSech ( 2 x2 ) . 4 x +8 x3 2 3
2
3
I = d ( Argsech ( 2 x2 ) ) 2 dx
2
3
3
I = ( Argsech ( 2 x2 ) ) 2 +k
2
2:
ln x
3
3 dx
4 . 1+ 2
ln x
ln x x
) (
I=
ln x
3 2
3 dx
4 . 1+ 2
ln x
ln x x
) (
[(
1
3
ln x
2
ln x
) (
|(
ln x
) (
3
3
2
2
2 2 ln ln x
+
ln x
ln x
|]
ln x
3
2
2 + k
ln x
CALCULE:
I=
[ sen 2 tsect ( sec4 t2 sec3 t ) + tg5 t+ tgt+ tg3 tsect tgtsect ] sec3 t dt
sec 8 t4 sec 6 t+6 sec 4 t4 sec 2 t+11
Solucin:
4
( sec 2 t1 ) =( sec 2 t ) ( sec 2 t ) .1( sec 2 t ) . 12( sec 2 t ) .13 +14 =tg 8 t1=( tg 4 t+1 ) ( tg 2 t+1 ) ( tg 2 t1 )
2 sentcost sec 6 t ( sec 2 t2 ) +tgt ( tg 4 t +1 ) sec 3 t+ tgt sec 4 t ( tg 2 t1 )
I =
dt
( tg4 t +1 ) ( tg 2 t +1 ) ( tg 2 t1 )
I =
2 tgt sec 2 t ( tg 2 t1 )
tgt ( tg 4 t +1 ) ( tg 2 t+ 1 ) sect
+
+tgt sec 2 t dt
4
2
2
4
2
2
( tg t +1 ) ( tg t +1 ) ( tg t1 ) ( tg t +1 ) ( tg t +1 ) ( tg t 1 )
I =3
tgt sec 2 t
sect .tgt
dt+ 2
dt
4
tg t+1
( tg t1 )
3 1 2
1
sect . 2
tg ( tg t ) +
ln
+K
2
2 2
sect + 2
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
CALCULE:
I = csch 5 2 xdx
Solucin:
3
I =uv vdu
2
1
ctgh 2 x
2
v=
1
3
3
2
csch 2 xctgh 2 x3 csch 2 x ctgh 2 xdx
2
ctgh 2 x1=csch 2 x
I=
1
csch3 2 xctgh 2 x3 csch 3 2 x ( csch2 2 x +1 ) dx
2
I=
1
3
5
3
csch 2 xctgh 2 x3 csch 2 xdx3 csch 2 xdx
2
4 I=
1
csch 3 2 xctgh2 x3
csch 3 2 xdx
2
IA
1
3
I = csch 3 2 xctgh2 x I A
8
4
csch 2 x
dv=
1
2
csc h 2 x (2 ) dx
2
v=
1
ctg h 2 x
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
A= ctg h 2 x csc h 2 x csc h 2 x ctg h2 2 xdx
2
*
I
1
A= ctg h 2 x csch 2 x csch2 x( csc h2 2 x+ 1)dx
2
I
1
A= ctg h 2 x csch2 xI A csch 2 xdx
2
I
1
2
A= ctg h 2 x csch 2 x 2 x 2 x dx
2
e e
2I
1
1
2 e2 x
A= ctgh2 x csch 2 x 2 x 2
dx
4
2 ( e ) 1
=
I
| |
1
1
e2 x 1
ctgh 2 x csch 2 x ln 2 x
4
4
e +1
remplazando en I:
| |
1
3
3
e 2 x 1
I = csch 3 2 xctgh2 x+ ctgh2 x csch 2 x + ln 2 x
+K
8
16
16
e +1
Calcule
csch5 2 x dx
I =csch 3 2 x csch 2 2 x dx
u=csch3 2 x du=6 csch 3 2 x coth 2 x dx
dv=
1
1
2
csch 2 x (2 ) dx v=
coth 2 x
2
2
u dv=uv v du
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=
1
csch3 2 x coth2 x3 csch 3 2 x coth 2 2 x dx
2
2
cosh 2 xsinh 2 x =1
coth 2 2 x1=csch2 2 x
coth 2 2 xcsch2 2 x=1
I=
1
csch3 2 x coth2 x3 csch 3 2 x (csch 2 2 x+1) dx
2
I=
1
csch3 2 x coth2 x3 csch 5 2 x dx3 csch3 2 x dx
2
4 I=
1
csch 3 2 x coth 2 x3 csch3 2 x dx
2
3
dv=
1
1
csch 2 2 x dx v=
coth2 x dx
2
2
I A=
1
csch2 x coth 2 x csch 2 x coth 2 2 x dx
2
I A=
1
csch2 x coth 2 x csch 2 x( csch2 2 x +1)dx
2
I A=
1
csch 2 x coth 2 x I A csch 2 x dx
2
2 I A=
I A=
1
2
csch2 x coth 2 x 2 x 2 x dx
2
e e
| |
1
1
2 e2 x
1
1 e 2 x 1
csch 2 x coth 2 x 2 x 2
dx=
csch 2 x coth 2 x ln 2 x
4
2 ( e ) 1
4
4
e +1
| |
1
3
3
e 2 x 1
I = csch 3 2 x coth 2 x+ csch2 x coth 2 x + ln 2 x
+k
8
16
16
e +1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
4)Calcula:
a)
sec x tan5 x dx
tan
x
2
sec x
2
2
sec x ( sec x1 ) tan x dx= sec x
5 /2
x 2 sec x+ sec
9 /2
sec
tan x
1/ 2
I = sec 7 / 2 x sec x tan x dx2 sec 2 x sec x tan x dx + sec1/ 2 x sec x tan x dx
2
4
9/ 2
5/ 2
1 /2
I = sec x sec x +2 sec x+ k
9
5
a) Demostrar
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x x 2+ a2 +a2 ln |x + x 2 +a 2|+ k
x 2 +a2 dx= 12
x=a tan z tan z=
x
a
z
dx=a sec 2 z dz
a sec z a sec 2 z dz
I =a
sec3 z dz
2
x2 +a 2
I 0 = sec z sec z dz
dv=sec z dz v=tan z
2
z I 0+ sec z dz
I 0=sec z tan
z+ tan z
sec
z +ln
2 I 0=sec z tan
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
z + tan z
sec
1
z + ln
2
1
I 0 = sec z tan
2
z+ tan z
sec
a2
z + ln
2
2
a
I = sec z tan
2
5) Calcula:
3csc
3x
dx
cot3 x
Solucin:
I = cot
1 /3
1 /3
I=
14
3
8
3
2
3
14
+k =
cot 3 3 x cot 3 3 x cot 3 x +k
3
14
3
8
3
2
14
4
2
3
3
3
Ejemplo:
Calcule:
e2 x + 4 e x
[ e 2 x + 6 e x + 13 ]
dx
Solucin:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
e
2x
x
( 2 x+6 e +13 )=2 e +6 e
2x
I=
I=
I=
1
2 e +8 e
dx
2 [ e 2 x +6 e x +13 ] 3
3
1 [ 2x
e x dx
x
2x
x
]
(
)
e
+6
e
+13
.
2
e
+
6
e
dx+
2x x 3
2
[ e +6 e +13 ]
1
4 [ e 2 x +6 e x +13 ]
+
2
e x dx
3
[ e 2 x +6 e x +13 ]
IA
I A =
e x dx
[ e 2 x + 6 e x + 13 ]
z=e +3 dz=e dx
I A =
I A=
dz
3
[ z2 + 4 ]
2
2
1 ( 4 + z z )
2 3 dz
4
[ z +4 ]
2
I A=
1
dz
1
z dz
2
2
4 [ z + 4 ] 4 [ z 2 +4 ]3
IB
I B= z . [ z 2 +4 ] . zdz
u=z du=dz
dv=
I B=
1 2 3
[ z +4 ] .2 zdz v = 1
2
2
4 [ z 2+ 4 ]
z
4 [ z2 + 4 ]
1
dz
4 [ z 2+ 4 ] 2
Remplazando en
IA
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I A=
I A=
1
dz
z
1
dz
+
2
2
2
2
2
4 [ z + 4 ] 16 [ z + 4 ] 16 [ z + 4 ]2
z
2
16 ( z + 4 )
3
dz
16 [ z 2+ 4 ]2
IC
I C =
dz
[z
+4 ]
IC =
2
2
1 ( 4+ z z )
dz
2
4
[ z 2+ 4 ]
IC =
1
dz
1
z 2 dz
4 z 2 +4 4 [ z 2 +4 ]2
ID
I D = z . ( z 2+ 4 ) zdz
u=z du=dz
2
1 2
1
dv= ( z +4 ) 2 zdz v= 2
2
2( z + 4)
I D=
IC =
z
1
dz
+ 2
2
2(z +4) 2 (z +4)
1
dz
1
1
dz
+
4 ( z 2 +4 ) 8 ( z 2 +4 ) 8 ( z 2+ 4 )
1
dz
1
1
z
1
+ 2
= Arctg
+
2
8 ( z + 4 ) 8 ( z + 4 ) 16
2 8 ( z 2 +4 )
()
I A=
I=
z
2
16 ( z + 4 )
3
z
3
Arctg
+
256
2 128 ( z2 + 4 )
1
4 ( e 2 x +6 e x +13 )
()
+
2
ex+ 3
2
16 ( ( e x +3 ) + 4 )
3
e x +3
3
Arctg
+
+K
2
x
256
2
128 ( ( e +3 ) + 4 )
( )
Ejemplo:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
5
x 2+ + x 425+ 5 x 2+25+ 5 x 225 . x3 dx
2
x
x
2
I=
. x 3 dx
2
1
( ( x 25 ) + ( x 25 ) + 5) . x 3 dx
( x 25 ) . x3 dx + ( x 2+5 ) . x 3 dx+ 5 . x3 dx
1
I=
I1=
( x 25 ) . x3 dx
u=x2 => du=2x dx
1
1 2
2
dv= 2 ( x 5) .2 x dx
3
1 2
2
=> v= 3 ( x 5)
3
1 2 2
1
2
2
2
I1= 3 x ( x 5) - 3 ( x 5) .2 x dx
3
1 2 2
2 2
2
2
I1= 3 x ( x 5) 15 (x 5)
3
1 2 2
2 2
2
2
I2= 3 x ( x +5) 15 (x 5)
x4
I3= 4
I= I1+ I2+ I3
1 1 2( 2 )2 2 ( 2 )2 1 2 2
2
x4
x x 5
x 5 + x (x +5) 2 ( x 25 ) 2 + + k
I=
15
3
15
4
2 3
Ejemplo:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Calcule:
u dv=uv v du
u= ArgTgh ( Senx ) = du=
Cosx
2
1(Senx)
du=Secx dx
Sec5 x dx
IA=
Sec3 x Sec 3 x dx
Sec3 x d x
IB=
Secx Sec 3 x dx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Secx dx
+K
Ejemplo:
2
6 xSenh 3 x ]x
[cosh 3 xSenh
2
9 x 6 x +1
dx
Solucion :
I=
3 x]
[cosh 3(3xSenh
2
x1)
1
1
1
1
cosh 3 xSenh 3 x= e3 x + e3 x e3 x + e3 x =e3 x
2
2
2
2
x
3 x 1
I =
e
6 x
1
1
3
+
3 3 x1
I = e6 x
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
2
+
9 9(3 x1)
1
+
6 x
9 ) dx
e (
(3 x1)2
I =
I=
1
2 e6 x dx 1
e6 x dx
e6 x dx+
+
9
9 3 x1 9 (3 x1)2
6 x
e dx
Io= (3 x1)2
u dv=uv v du
6 x
u=e
6 x
= du=6 x e
dx
1
1
dv= (3 x1)2 3 dx= v =
3
3 (3 x1)
6 x
6 x
e
e
Io=- 3 (3 x1) 2 (3 x1) dx
Reemplazando en I:
e6 x 2
e6 x
1 e6 x
2
e6 x
I=
+
54
9 3 x1 27 ( 3 x1 ) 9 (3 x1)
e6 x 1 e6 x
I=
+K
54
27 3 x1
Ejemplo
2
4 x 2 cosh 2 2 x ( 2 xtanh ( 2 x ) )
4 x 2 senh2 ( 2 x ) ( 2 xcoth2 x )
I=
dx
2
2
senh 2 4 x ( ( 2 xtanh2 x )( 2 xcoth 2 x ) ) senh 2 4 x ( ( 2 xtanh2 x )( 2 xcoth 2 x ) )
Solucin:
I 1 =
4 x2 senh 2 ( 2 x )( 2 xcoth 2 x )2
2
dx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I 2 =
4 x 2 cosh2 2 x ( 2 xtanh ( 2 x ))
Resolviendo la integrales
I 1 =
dx
I1
x2
x2
dx=
dx
cosh 2 2 x ( 2 xtanh 2 x )2
( 2 x cosh 2 xsenh 2 x )2
u=
1
x
( 2 x cosh 2 xsenh 2 x )2 4 x senh 2 x dx udv=uv vdu
4 senh 2 x
1
x
senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x
du=
dx
4 senh 2 x
4 senh 2 2 x
1
senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x
I1 =
x
1
dx
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x ) 4 senh2 2 x
I1 =
x
1
coth x
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x ) 8
Resolviendo la integrales
2
I2
4 x cosh 2 x ( 2 xtanh ( 2 x ))
x
I 2 =
dx=
dx
2
2
2
( 2 x senh 2 xcosh 2 x )
senh 4 x ( ( 2 xtanh 2 x ) ( 2 x coth 2 x ) )
1
x
( 2 x senh 2 x cosh 2 x )2 4 x cosh 2 x dx udv=uv vdu
4 cosh 2 x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
u=
1
x
cosh 2 x2 x senh 2 x
du=
dx
2
4 cosh 2 x
4 cosh 2 x
1
cosh 2 x2 x senh 2 x
I2 =
x
1
dx
4 cosh 2 x ( cosh 2 x2 x senh 2 x ) 4 cosh 2 2 x
I2 =
x
1
tanh x
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x ) 8
I =I 1 I 2=
x
1
x
1
coth x
+ tanh x+ k
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x 2 x cosh 2 x ) 8
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x ) 8
Ejemplo:
I =
( sec
z=sec
I =
333
1998
333 tan t
dt
t + 2 sec 999 t +1 ) sec 666 t
t dz=333 sec
dz
2
( z 3 +1 ) z
=
3
333
dz
sec 333 t
dz
dz
1
1
z 3 +1z 3
dz
dz
2
2
( z 3 +1 ) z 3
z3 z 3+ 1
( z 3+ 1 )
( z 3+ 1 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =
dz
dz
dz
z
3 3 3 2 dz
3
z
z +1
z +1
( z +1 )
I =
2 2
dz
dz
3
2 3 z ( z +1 ) z dz
3
z
z +1
( z +1 )2
2
1
3
2 z1
I = 2 2
arctan
2 ln 2
z ( z 3 +1 ) z2 dz
3
2z
3
z z+1
2 2
I a= z ( z +1 ) z dz udv=uv vdu
1 3 2 2
1
u=z du=dz y dv= ( z +1 ) 3 z dz v =
2
3
3
3 ( z +1 )
I a=
z
3
2 2
I a= z ( z +1 ) z dz=
3 ( z +1 )
3 ( z + 1)
1
dz
3 ( z 3 +1 )2
( z+ 1 )
1 z
2 3
2 z1 1
arctan
ln 2
3
9 z +1
27
3 27 z z +1
( )
( z +1 )2
1
3
2 z1
I = 2 2
arctan
2 ln 2
I a
3
2z
3
z z+1
(
(
1
3 arctan 2 z1 2 ln ( z +1 ) z + 1 z + 2 3 arctan 2 z1 + 1 ln ( z+1 ) +
I = 2 2
2
2
3
3
27
2z
3
z z+1 3 ( z 3 +1 ) 9 z +1
3 27 z 2z +1
( )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
( 3 x+ 2 )5 9 x2 12 x dx
I = ( 3 x+2 )
2 ( 3 x+2 )
2
dx
2
( 3 x+2 ) =2 sent dx= costdt 22 ( 3 x +2 )2=2 cost
3
2
2
27
27
I = 25 sen5 t .2 cost . costdt = sen 5 t cos2 tdt= ( 1cos2 t ) cos 2 t sentdt
3
3
3
I=
27 (
27 ( 2
2
4
2
)
12
cos
t+
cos
t
cos
tsent
dt=
I=
27
28
27
cos2 tsent dt cos 4 tsent dt+ cos 6 tsent dt
3
3
3
I=
+K
3
3
5
7
I=
3
5
7
16
8
1
9 x 212 x + 9 x2 12 x 9 x 212 x + K
3
15
21
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
81
2
45 2 X
( 7 2. 7 X 2 )
8
2X
( 7 2. 7 2 )
81.7
7 X dx
45
7
I = 2 X
dx 2 X
dx
4
X
8 ( 7 2.7 X 2 )2
( 7 2.7 2 )
I =
81. 7 X
45
7X
dx
dx
8
4
2
2
8
( 7 X 1 ) 32
( 7 X 1 ) 3 2
( 7 1 ) 3 = 3 senhw
X
I=
81 3
senhw
45 3
senhw
dw
dw
8
ln 7
8 ln 7 ( 3 senhw ) 4
( 3 senhw )
3
5 3
I = cs ch7 w dw csch 3 w dw
ln 7
8 ln 7
7
I a=
csch wcothhw 5
csch5 w dw
6
6
5
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I b=
csch 3 wcothhw 3
csch 3 w dw
4
4
I a=
3
5 3
I = csch 7 w dw csch 3 w dw
ln 7
8 ln 7
I a=
csch3 w dw
ln 7
6
ln7
24
8 ln7
8 ln 7
I a=
I a=
( 7 1 )
9 ( 7 1 )
1
15
+
+K
3
2
X
X
2
X
2 ln 7 ( 7 2.7 2 ) 8 ln 7 ( 7 2.7 X 2 )2
CALCULE:
I=
[ sen 2 tsect ( sec4 t2 sec3 t ) + tg5 t+ tgt+ tg3 tsect tgtsect ] sec3 t dt
sec 8 t4 sec 6 t+6 sec 4 t4 sec 2 t+11
Solucin:
4
( sec 2 t1 ) =( sec 2 t ) ( sec 2 t ) .1( sec 2 t ) . 12( sec 2 t ) .13 +14 =tg 8 t1=( tg 4 t+1 ) ( tg 2 t+1 ) ( tg 2 t1 )
2 sentcost sec 6 t ( sec 2 t2 ) +tgt ( tg 4 t +1 ) sec 3 t+ tgt sec 4 t ( tg 2 t1 )
I =
dt
( tg4 t +1 ) ( tg 2 t +1 ) ( tg 2 t1 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =
2 tgt sec 2 t ( tg 2 t1 )
tgt ( tg 4 t +1 ) ( tg 2 t+ 1 ) sect
+
+tgt sec 2 t dt
4
2
2
4
2
2
( tg t +1 ) ( tg t +1 ) ( tg t1 ) ( tg t +1 ) ( tg t +1 ) ( tg t 1 )
tgt sec 2 t
sect .tgt
I =3 4
dt + 2
dt
tg t+1
( tg t1 )
3 1 ( 2 ) 1
sect . 2
tg tg t +
ln
+K
2
2 2
sect + 2
CALCULE:
5
I = csch 2 xdx
Solucin:
I = csch 3 2 x csch 2 2 xdx
3
u= csch 2 x
I =uv vdu
1
ctgh 2 x
2
v=
1
csch 3 2 xctgh 2 x3 csch 3 2 x c tgh 2 2 xdx
2
2
2
* cosh 2 xsenh 2 x=1 ;
ctgh 2 2 x1=csch2 2 x
I=
1
csch3 2 xctgh 2 x3 csch 3 2 x ( csch2 2 x +1 ) dx
2
I=
1
csch3 2 xctgh 2 x3 csch 5 2 xdx3 csch 3 2 xdx
2
4 I=
1
3
3
c sch 2 xctgh2 x3
csch 2 xdx
2
IA
1
3
I = csch 3 2 xctgh2 x I A
8
4
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
csch 2 x
dv=
1
2
csc h 2 x (2 ) dx
2
1
ctg h 2 x
2
1
A= ctg h 2 x csc h 2 x csc h 2 x ctg h2 2 xdx
2
*
I
1
A= ctg h 2 x csch 2 x csch2 x( csc h2 2 x+ 1)dx
2
I
1
A= ctg h 2 x csch2 xI A csch 2 xdx
2
I
1
2
A= ctg h 2 x csch 2 x 2 x 2 x dx
2
e e
2I
2x
1
1
2e
A= ctgh2 x csch 2 x 2 x 2
dx
4
2 ( e ) 1
=
I
| |
1
1
e2 x 1
ctgh 2 x csch 2 x ln 2 x
4
4
e +1
remplazando en I:
| |
1
3
3
e 2 x 1
I = csch 3 2 xctgh2 x+ ctgh2 x csch 2 x + ln 2 x
+K
8
16
16
e +1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
p x 2 +qx +r dx
(x,
p x 2 +qx +r
x
x r
+ )
p p
p
( 2+q
x
q q2 r
q2
( 2+ + 2 + 2 )
p 4p p 4p
p
q 2 4 pr q 2 4 pr q2
,
=a2
p (x+ ) +
2
2
x+
2p
4p
4p
q
=v ; dx=dv
2p
q 2 4 pr q2
,
p
(
x
+
)+
dx
(x
2p
4 p2
(V-
q
2
2
, p v + a dv
2p
(v,
a2v 2 dv
(v,
a2 +v 2 dv
(v,
a2v 2 dv
Para eliminar los radicales de ndice 2 vamos a utilizar la sustitucin
trigonomtrica que lo indicamos en la siguiente tabla.
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Sustitucin
trigonomtrica
recomendada
x=a sen()
dx=a cos()d
M 1 ( x , a2x 2 ) dx
Triangulo rectngulo
para retornar a la
variable original
x
=sen()
a
x=a tan()
2
dx=a sec() d
M 2 ( x , x2 +a 2 ) dx
x
=tan()
a
a>0
x=a sec ()
M 3 ( x , x 2a2 ) dx
x
=sec()
a
SUSTITUCION HIPERBOLICA
Sustitucin trigonomtrica
recomendada
Triangulo rectngulo
para retornar a la
variable original
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x=a tanh()
2
dx=a sech( ) d
N 1 ( x , a2 x2 ) dx
x
=tanh()
a
a 2x 2 =sech ()
a
a>0
x=a senh()
dx=a cosh()d
N 2 ( x , x 2+ a2 ) dx
x
=senh()
a
x 2 +a2 =cosh ()
a
a>0
x=a cosh ()
dx=a senh()d
N 3 ( x , x 2a 2) dx
x
=cosh ()
a
x 2a 2 =senh( )
a
a>0
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Tipo de Integral
Sustitucion Sugerida
Sent=
v =aSent
(v,
a v dv
2
v
a
dv=aCost dt
(v,
a2 +v 2 dv
v =aTgt
dv=a Sec 2 t dt
Tgt=
v
a
a2 +v 2= a2+ a2 Tg 2 t=aSect
(v,
v 2a2 dv
v =aSec t
dv=aSect Tgt dt
Sect=
v
a
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
SUSTITUCION HIPERBOLICA
x , p x 2 +qx +r
R () dx
q 2 4 pr q 2
p (x + ) +
2
2p
R
R
R
4p
( U , a u du
( U , a + u du )
( U , u a du )
Tipo de Integral
Sustitucion Sugerida
Identidad Hiperbolica
u=aTghz
du=a Sech z dz
U , a u du
2
U , a2+ u2 du )
U , u2 a2 du )
du=aCoshz dz
du=aSenhz dz
Ejemplo:
Calcule:
x + 5
324
Solucin:
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x + 5
u= ArcSen
= du=
3
1
3
( x + 5)
9
dx
dx
4x2 2 5 x
dv=162 ( 4x 22 5 x ) (2 ) ( x + 5 ) dx
81
2
(4x 2 5 x )
v=
3 ( x+ 5)
I=
dx
x+ 5
81 ArcSen( )
3
+81
2
2
(4x 2 5 x)
32( x+ 5)
IA=
dx
Sustitucin trigonomtrica
x+ 5=3 Sent
dx=3 Cost dt
3 ( x + 5) =3 Cost
2
IA=81
IA=
3 Cost dt
35 cos 5 t
Sec 4 t dt = Sec2 t S ec 2 t dt
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
IA=
( 1+Tg2 t ) Sec 2 t dt
IA=
IA= Tgt +
I=
x+ 5
3
)
Tg
3
Tgt
+
+ 3
2
(4x 22 5 x)
81 ArcSen(
Ejemplo:
I= 16 ( 25 x +10 x3) dx
2
5
2
2 3
(
(5
x
+1)
2
) dx
I= 16
5 x+1=2Coshz
(5 x +1 ) 2 =2 Senhz dz
2
I =
5 3
2
3
. 2 Senh z . . Senhz dz
16
5
I = Senh 4 z dz
2
I = (Senh z ) dz
cosh 2 z1 2
I = (
) dz
2
cosh
( 2 2 z2 cosh 2 z dz +1)dz
1
I=
4
I=
1
1
1
2
cosh 2 z cosh 2 z dz+ dz
4
2
4
I=
1
cosh 4 z +1 1
1
(
) senh 2 z + z
4
2
4
4
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
cosh 4 z dz+
I=
1
1
1
dz senh 2 z + z
8
4
4
1
I=
8
1
3
1
Sen 4 z+ z Senh 2 z + K
32
8
4
EJERCICIOS ADICIONALES
dy
y y 27
1:
Sol:
1
2
. ( y 7 ) dy
1
2
1 2
u=( y 7 ) du=
( y 7 )
2
2
3
2
dy
u2=( y 2 7 ) ( 7 +u2 ) =( y 2 )
3
u =( y 7 )
2
3
2
y .udu
3
( y 27 ) 2
2
I=
du
1
2
u
( )
u2 7+
du
2
=
2
7u +1 7
2 7
Arctg
7
du
2 7
= Arctg ( 7 u )
2
7
1
u2 +
7
( )
( )
7
+k
y 7
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
F=
2: halle
x + 1+ x
dx
3
x +1
Sol:
6
x=u 1 x+1=u
dx=6 u du
2
F=
( u 61 ) + u6
3
.6 u5 du
F= 6 u3 . [ u1212 u6 +1+u3 ] du
F= [ 6 u1512u 9 +6 u3 +6 u6 ] du
u 16
u 10
u4
u7
F=6 12
+6 +6
16
10
4
7
8
3
6
3
6
F( x )= ( x+1 )3 ( x+ 1 )3 + ( x +1 ) 3 + ( x+ 1 )6 + k
8
5
2
7
3: calcular:
I =
dx
1+ x
Sol:
2
x=u dx =4 u du
I =
4 u3
du
1+u2
tan 3 . sec 2 d
=4 tan 3 . sec
sec
I =4 ( sec 2 1 ) sec
sec=w dw=sec
atn
atn
I =4 ( w21 ) dw
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
4
I = w3 4 w+ K
3
4
I = ( sec )3 4 sec+ K
3
I=
3
4
[
1+u 2 ] 4 1+u2 + K perou=4 x
I=
3
4
[ 1+ x ] 4 1+ x + K
3
I =
4: hallar
Arctg [ sen ( x +1 ) ]
dx
sec ( x+ 1 )
Sol:
Arctg ( z ) . dz
sec ( x +1 ) . cos ( x+1 )
I =
Arctg ( z ) . dz
dv
u= Arctg ( z ) du=
dz
1+ z 2
dv=dz v=z
I =uv vdu
I =zArctg ( z )
1 2 zdz
2 1+ z 2
1
I =zArctg ( z ) ln |1+ z 2|+k pero z=sen ( x+ 1 )
2
1
I =sen ( x +1 ) Arctg ( sen ( x+ 1 ) ) ln |1+ sen2 ( x +1 )|+ k
2
5: halle:
I = sec x . ln ( secx ) dx
Sol:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
secx . tgxdx
=tgxdx
secx
CALCULE
Antd
2 2
2 2
2. Antd
1
2. x . ( Argtgh 1x 2 ) ( 1 Argtgh 1x2 ) ( 1x 2)
2
Evaluamos:
2 x
'
( Argtgh 1x ) =
2
2 '
( Argtgh 1x )
2. Argtgh 1x2
( 1( 1x2 ) ) 2 1x 2
2 Argtgh 1x 2
1
2. x ( Argtgh 1x 2 ) ( 1x 2 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
CALCULE
sec ( Arctg z )
1
I = arctg 4 z .
1
z 2
.
dz+
. dz
1+ z 2
1z 2
I 1 = arctg 4 z .
I 2 =
4
z2
z2
Arctg z
4 Arctg z z 2
=
=
2
sen ( arccos z ) 1+ ( Tg ( Arctg z ) )2
1+ z 2
1z 2
1( cos ( arccos z ) )
1
4
. dz= Arctg 4 z
2
5
1+ z
( 1z2 ) 1
z2
1z 2
1
dz
2
dz
=
dz=
dz
dz= 1z dz
2
2
2
2
1z
1z
1z
1z
1z 2
1
1
I 2 = z 1z 2+ Arcsen z Arcsen z
2
2
4
1
1
I = Arctg 4 z + z 1z 2 Arcsen z +k
5
2
2
CALCULE
x . e x ( 1+ x 2 )
x 3 . e x .Ctgh x 2 . Csch x2 x 3 . e x . Tg x 2 . Se c x2
+
dx
cos x2 . Senh x 2
cos x 2
Senh x2
I =
x . e x ( 1+ x 2 )
x 3 . e x .cosh x 2
x 3 .e x . Sen x 2
+
dx
cos x 2 . Senh x 2 cos x 2 . Senh 2 x 2 cos 2 x 2 . Senh x 2
I =
( cos x 2 . Senh x 2)
dx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2
2
x
3
x
3
x
2
2
2
2
1 cos x . Senh x ( 2 x e +2 x . e )2. x . e ( cos x . cosh x Sen x . Senh x )
I=
dx
2
2
( cos x 2 . Senh x 2 )
2
2
x
3
x
2
x
2
2
2
2
1 cos x . Senh x ( 2 x e +2 x . e )x . e ( 2 x . cos x . cosh x 2 x . Sen x . Senh x )
I=
dx
2
2
( cosh x 2 . Senh x 2 )
1
x2 . e x
1
x2 . ex
I= d
=
+k
2
cos x 2 . Senh x 2 2 cos x 2 . Senh x 2
CALCULE
4 t +16 dt
t
I =
z
z4
z 4 16+16
1
3
.4
z
dz=4
dz=4
dz=64 4
dz + 4 dz
4
4
4
z 16
z 16
z 16
z 16
I =4 z +64
I =4 z +2 ln
1
2
( z 4 ) ( z +4 )
dz =4 z +8
1
1
dz
dz
2
dz=4 z +8 2 2 8 2 2
z 4 z + 4
z 2
z +2
z
4 Arctg ( )+ k
| z2
|
z +2
2
I =4. t+16+ 2 ln
CALCULE
e 3 x+2 .5 x1
23 x . eln x dx
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=
e2
5 e3
x
8 dx
5
( )
5 e3
u=x du=dx ; dv=
dx v=
8
( )
I=
( )
5e
ln (
8 )
3
5 e3
8
3 x
5 e3
8
( ) ( ) +k
5e
5e
5 ln (
5 ln (
)
8
8 )
e2 x
I=
( ) e 5 e dx
(
8 )
5e
5e
5 ln (
5 ln (
8 )
8 )
e2 x
I=
5 e3
8
5 e3
8
e2
4 x 2 senh2 ( 2 x ) ( 2 xcoth 2 x )
I 1 =
I 2 =
4 x2 co sh2 2 x ( 2 xtanh ( 2 x ) )
dx
dx
Resolviendo la integrales
4 x2 senh 2 ( 2 x )( 2 xcoth 2 x )2
4 x 2 cosh2 2 x ( 2 xtanh ( 2 x ))
I1
x2
x2
I 1 =
dx=
dx
2
cosh 2 2 x ( 2 xtanh 2 x )
( 2 x cosh 2 xsenh 2 x )2
d ( 2 x cosh 2 xsenh 2 x )=4 x senh 2 x
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
dx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I 1 =
u=
1
x
( 2 x cosh 2 xsenh 2 x )2 4 x senh 2 x dx udv=uv vdu
4 senh 2 x
1
x
senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x
du=
dx
2
4 senh 2 x
4 senh 2 x
I1 =
1
senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x
x
1
dx
4
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x )
senh2 2 x
2
x
1
I1 =
coth x
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x ) 8
Resolviendo la integrales
I 2 =
I2
4 x 2 cosh2 2 x ( 2 xtanh ( 2 x ))
dx=
2
x2
dx
2
( 2 x senh 2 xcosh 2 x )
1
x
( 2 x senh 2 x cosh 2 x )2 4 x cosh 2 x dx udv=uv vdu
4 cosh 2 x
1
x
cosh 2 x2 x senh 2 x
du=
dx
4 cosh 2 x
4 cosh 2 2 x
2
1
cosh 2 x2 x senh 2 x
I2 =
x
1
dx
4 cosh 2 x ( cosh 2 x2 x senh 2 x ) 4 cosh 2 2 x
I2 =
2
x
1
tanh x
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x ) 8
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =I 1 I 2=
x
1
x
1
coth x
+ tanh x+ k
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x 2 x cosh 2 x ) 8
4 senh 2 x ( senh 2 x2 x cosh 2 x ) 8
PROB1.-
x
csch
( 333 +4 )4
x
sech
y=
x
sech
dy =
111
x
sech
dy=111
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x
sech
111
dy
sinh x dx=
y
x
sech
112
4 /3
( 3+ 4)
111(cosh x)221 dy
y
dy
( 3+ 4)4 /3 y 3
y
y ( 3+ 4)4 /3 dy
Integral binomial
m=-3, n=3, p=-4/3
m+1 3+ 1 2
=
=
Z
n
3
3
m+1
2 4
+ p= =2 Z
n
3 3
Caso III de la integral de un binomio diferencial
4+
3 3
y =y t
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x
sech
333
x
t= sech
4+
3
4 y3 +1=t 3
4
=t 31
3
y
y 3=
4
t 1
3
-12 y
dy=
dy=3 t 2 dt
1 4 2
y t dt
4
1
1 t 2
3 4 4 4 2
y y t y t dt = 3 dt
4
4
y
t 31
1
= ( tt 2 ) dt
2
16
4t
1
4
t 2
1
+k
32 16 t
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x
sech
3 4+( 333)2
x
sech
222
x
sech
111
x
sech
32
PROB 2.-
2
x
) dx
cos x + x csc x
cos x + x csc x
x2
x
sin
2
(sin x ) ( cos x+ x csc x)
x2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x
csc
x
csc
2
cot x+ x ( 2)
x2
Dx
x
csc
x
x
csc
csc
x = x
x+
csc
:cot
x
x
csc
2
csc
cot x+ x ( 2)
(-2x)
1
x
cot x
2
x
csc
x
u=
cot
cot x + x
x
du=
cot x
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x
csc
2
dv= cot x+ x ( 2)
x
csc
x
csc
(-2x)
cot x+ x
x
csc
cot x + x ( 2 )
x
csc
x
csc
x
cot
I=( 2)
cot x + x
( 2 )dx
cot x+ x
x
cot
x
2
x
csc
cot x+ x ( 2)
xx
x
I=
cot
x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
PROB3.4
x3 / 2 x+ 8 x +16
16 x+ 4 x dx
I = x 2
x+ 4
4 x ( x +4 )
dx
1
1 /2
I= 4 x( 4+ x )
dx
I binomio diferencial
m=1, n= 2 , p= 2
1+1
=4 Z
1
2
m+1
=
n
4+ x
1/ 2
=z z = x +4
1/ 2
x =z 4
1 1 /2
x dx=2 zdz dx=4 z x 1 /2 dz
2
z
z
3
( 24) dz= ( 612 z 4 +48 z 264 )dz
I=
1
1
x z 4 z x 1 /2 dz=
4
1
12
I= 7 z 5 z +16 z 64 z +k
7
5
3
1
12
I = ( x+ 4) ( x + 4) + 16( x+ 4) +64 x+ 4 +k
7
5
EJEMPLO4
dx
sin xcos x
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Z= tan 2
2 dz
Dx= 1+ z 2
sin x=
2z
2
1+ z
2
1z
2
1+ z
cos
x=
2 dz
2
( 1+ z 2) ( 2 z 2 1z2 )
1+ z 1+ z
2 dz
2 dz
=
2dz
2
2
(z +1)2( 2)
z2 +2 z1 = ( z+ 1) 2
I=
1
z +1+ 2
ln
+k
z +1 2
2
x
tan +1 2
1
2
ln
+k
I=
x
2
tan +1+ 2
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =
( sec
z=sec
I =
333
1998
333 tan t
dt
t + 2 sec 999 t +1 ) sec 666 t
t dz=333 sec
dz
2
( z 3 +1 ) z
=
3
333
dz
sec 333 t
dz
dz
1
1
z 3 +1z 3
dz
dz
2
2
( z 3 +1 ) z 3
z3 z 3+ 1
( z 3+ 1 )
( z 3+ 1 )
I =
dz
dz
dz
z3
dz
2
z3
z 3+ 1
z 3 +1
( z 3 +1 )
I =
2
dz
dz
2 3 z ( z3 +1 ) z 2 dz
3
z
z +1
( z +1 )2
2 2
1
3
2 z1
3
I = 2 2
arctan
2 ln 2
z ( z +1 ) z dz
3
2z
3
z z+1
2 2
I a= z ( z +1 ) z dz udv=uv vdu
1 3 2 2
1
u=z du=dz y dv= ( z +1 ) 3 z dz v =
2
3
3
3 ( z +1 )
I a= z ( z 3 +1 ) z2 dz=
3 ( z + 1)
1
dz
3 ( z 3 +1 )2
( z+ 1 )
1 z
2 3
2 z1 1
I a= 3 2
arctan
ln 2
3
27
3 27 z z +1
3 ( z +1 ) 9 z +1
z
( )
( z +1 )2
1
3
2 z1
I = 2 2
arctan
2 ln 2
I a
3
2z
3
z z+1
(
(
1
3 arctan 2 z1 2 ln ( z +1 ) z + 1 z + 2 3 arctan 2 z1 + 1 ln ( z+1 ) +
I = 2 2
2
2
3
3
27
2z
3
z z+1 3 ( z 3 +1 ) 9 z +1
3 27 z 2z +1
( )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
( 3 x+ 2 )5 9 x2 12 x dx
I = ( 3 x+2 )5 22 (3 x +2 )2 dx
2
( 3 x+2 ) =2 sent dx= costdt 22( 3 x +2 )2=2 cost
3
2
2
2
I = 25 sen5 t .2 cost . costdt = sen 5 t cos2 tdt=
3
3
3
2
2
I = ( 12 cos2 t + cos4 t ) cos2 tsent dt= ( cos 2 tsent 2 cos4 tsent + cos6 tsent ) dt
3
3
I=
27
28
27
2
4
cos
tsent
dt
cos
tsent
dt+
cos 6 tsent dt
3
3
3
I=
+K
3
3
5
7
I=
3
5
7
16
8
1
2
2
2
9 x 12 x + 9 x 12 x 9 x 12 x + K
3
15
21
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
81
2
45 2 X
( 7 2. 7 X 2 )
8
2X
( 7 2. 7 2 )
81.7
7 X dx
45
7
I = 2 X
dx 2 X
dx
4
X
8 ( 7 2.7 X 2 )2
( 7 2.7 2 )
I =
81. 7 X
45
7X
dx
dx
8
4
2
2
8
( 7 X 1 ) 32
( 7 X 1 ) 3 2
( 7 1 ) 3 = 3 senhw
X
I=
81 3
senhw
45 3
senhw
dw
dw
8
ln 7
8 ln7 ( 3 senhw )4
( 3 se nhw )
3
5 3
I = csch 7 w dw csch 3 w dw
ln 7
8 ln 7
7
I a=
csch wcothhw 5
csch5 w dw
6
6
5
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I b=
csch 3 wcothhw 3
csch 3 w dw
4
4
I a=
3
5 3
I = csch 7 w dw csch 3 w dw
ln 7
8 ln 7
I a=
csch3 w dw
ln 7
6
ln7
24
8 ln7
8 ln 7
I a=
I a=
( 7 1 )
9 ( 7 1 )
1
15
+
+K
3
2
X
X
2
X
2 ln 7 ( 7 2.7 2 ) 8 ln 7 ( 7 2.7 X 2 )2
I=
csch5 (3 x) dx
I=
csc h3 (3 x ). csc h2 (3 x)
u=
csc h3 (3 x)
v=
csch 2(3 x ) dx
dx
3
du = -9 csc h ( 3 x ) ctg h (3 x ) dx
v=-
1
3
ctgh(3x)
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=-
csch
1
3
( 3 x ) +1
csch (3 x ) ctgh(3x) 3
3
csch3 (3 x) .
I=-
1
3
csch (3 x ) ctgh(3x) 3I 3
3
I=-
1
csch3 (3 x ) ctgh(3x)
12
Sea
IA
IA
U = csch(3x)
csch3 (3 x)dx
3
csch3 (3 x )dx
csch 3 (3 x)
dx =
dU = -3.csch(3x).ctgh(3x) dx
dV = csch(3x) dx
V=-
1
3
ctgh(3x)
1
3
csch(3x) ctgh(3x) -
=-
1
3
csch
( 3 x ) +1
2
csch(3x) ctgh(3x) csch ( 3 x ) .
IA = -
1
3
csch(3x) ctgh(3x) -
IA = -
IA
1
3
2IA = IA
=-
1
6
csch(3x) ctgh(3x) -
csch(3x) ctgh(3x)
csch (3 x ) . ctgh2 (3 x) dx
IA
csch(3 x)dx
csch (3 x)dx
1
2
dx
3x
2 e e3 x
=-
1
6
csch(3x) ctgh(3x)
1
3 e3 x
dx
3 e3 x21
IA
=-
1
6
csch(3x) ctgh(3x) -
| |
1 e 3 x 1
ln 3 x
6
e +1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
csc h3 (3 x) ctgh(3x) +
12
Por lo tanto: I = -
1
8
csch(3x) ctgh(3x) +
| |
1 e 3 x 1
ln 3 x
+k
8
e +1
Problema 2
(9 x 23 x+ k)
(3 e
x
4
x
4 4
x+2 e )
dx
sea
ex
(9 x 23 x+ k )
dx
(3 x+ 2)4
x +2
3
4
I = (3 x +2)
ex
x
= e
(9 x 2+12 x +412 x3 x4 +k )
dx
(3 x +2)4
x +2
3
(3 x +2) 4
ex
x +2
3
(3
x
+2) 4
I=
ex
e
I = (3 x +2)2 dx
e
dx
(3 x +2)3
(6+ k)
I1 =
v=
(3 xe+2)2 dx ; u =
e
I1 :
du =
6
x
dx
3
; dv = e dx
(3 x+ 2)
Sea
(3 x+2)
e
dx
(3 x+ 2)4
I1 =
e
e
+ 6
dx
2
3
(3 x+ 2)
(3 x +2)
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=
ex
ex
ex
+
dx
+(6+
k
)
dx
(3 x+ 2)2
( 3 x +2)3
(3 x +2)4
ex
(3 x +2)3 dx , donde: u = (3 x+2)3
IA:
Sea
e x dx
dv =
I A=
v=
9
dx
du = (3 x+ 2)4
ex
ex
ex
+9
(3 x+ 2)4 dx
(3 x +2)3
I=
ex
ex
ex
+
+(6+9+
k
)
dx
(3 x+ 2)2 (3 x +2)3
(3 x +2) 4
e x (3 x +2)
+k
(3 x+2)2
Por lo tanto: I =
20
3
5
3
5
6
4
3
x ( x + x ) +( x +1) .[ ( x + 1 )( x + 1 ) ] + x 22 x3 (1+ x3 )
3
x 3 . (1+ x 3) 4
2
3 3
I = x (1+ x ) dx
1
2
(x +1) dx
1
3
2 x (1+ x ) dx
6
dx
4
3
(1+ x ) dx
3 x
*Sea
I1 :
x 2 (1+ x 3)3 dx
Vemos que p = -3
I 1 =
Z, de ah M.C.M. es 3; y hacemos:
x=w 3
dx=3 w 2 dw
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
w6 (1+w 9)3 3 w2 dw
I 1 =
I 1 =
I2 :
*Sea
1
2
x ( x + 1 ) dx
3
1
(1+ w9 )3 9 w 8 dw
=3
1
(1+ w9 )2
6
1
3 2
6 (1+ x )
1
2
; m = 3, n = 4, p =
m+1 3+ 1 1
=
=
Z
n
4
2
m+1
1 1
+p =
+ =0 Z
n
2 2
4
1+ x =x . z
z=
1+ x 4
;
x2
x +1=z
x =z 1
1
=z 21
4
x
I2 =
1
=x 4
2
;
z 1
4 x5 dx=2 zd z
1
x3 x 2 z x 5 z dz
2
dx=
1
2 4
= 2 z x dz
x z
dz
2
1
z2
z 21 dz
2
dz
z 1
1
1
1
z1
=
z ln
2
2
2
z +1
dz
1
I 2=
2
2
| |
I2 =
*Sea
1 1+ x 4 1
ln
2
2
4
x
I3 :
1+ x 4x 2
1+ x 4 + x 2
1
3 3
( 1+ x ) dx
m+1 6+1 5
=
=
Z ;
n
3
3
|
; m = -6, n = 3, p =
1
3
m+1
5 1
+ p = =2 Z
n
3 3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
*Sea
I 4:
4
3 3
x ( 1+ x ) dx
1
m+1 1+1 0
=
= Z
n
3
3
1+ x3 =z 3
4
3
(2do Caso)
z= 1+ x3
; m = -1, n = 3, p =
I2
x 3=z 31
3 x2 dx=3 z 2 dz
2 2
dx=x z dz
z
dz
z
1
( 31) z2 = z 31 z 2 dz
3 2
x z dz=
x1 z4 x 2 z2 dz=
I 4=
z
1
z1
1
dz z2 dz = ( 2
)dz
3
z 1
z + z+1 z1
I 4 =
3
I 4=
1
z
1
z1
1
dz 1
dz +
+
2
3
3 z 1 z
z + z +1
I.
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
P(x)
PROPIAS
POR
P(x)
Q(x)
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
P( x )
Q(x)
P ( x ) |Q ( x ) P ( x ) =C ( x ) + R(x)
Q(x )
R ( x) C ( x ) Q ( x )
P(x)
Q ( x ) dx=
C ( x )+
R( x)
R( x )
dx = C ( x ) dx +
dx
Q( x )
Q(x)
Ejemplo
2 x 3 + x2
2 x3 + x2
x134
dx
;
x2 6 x+11 x 26 x +11 =2 x+ 12+ x5126
x +11
I = ( 2 x +12 ) dx+
51 x134
dx
x 26 x +11
F.R. P
134
51
I =x 2+12 x+ 51 2
dx
x 6 x+11
x
Ejemplo:
Calcule:
x
dx
x88+x 6+28
4
x + 25
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Solucin:
El integrando es una fraccin racional propia
8 x 7 +24 x 3
4 x3
I = 8
dx+ 8
dx
x +6 x 4 +25
x +6 x 4 +25
x
4+3 2+ 42
4 x3
8 x 7 +24 x 3
dx +
x 8 +6 x 4 +25
I =
1
x 4 +3
I =ln ( x 8 +6 x 4 +25 ) + arctan
+ K
4
4
( )
Ejemplo:
Calcula:
3 x 5 +16 x 3 +23 x
x 4 + 4 x 2+ 5 dx
Solucin:
3 x 5 +16 x 3+23 x
4 x 3 +8 x
=3 x+ 4
x 4 + 4 x 2+5
x + 4 x 2+5
I =
3 x +16 x +23 x
4 x +8 x
dx = 3 xdx + 4
dx
4
2
2
x +4 x +5
x +4 x +5
2
I=
3x
+ ln ( x 4 +4 x 2 +5 ) + k
2
PRIMER CASO:
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
P (x )
=
( a1 x +b 1 )( a2 x +b 2) ( a3 x +b 3 ) . ( a n x +b n )
A1
A2
A3
An
+
+
+ +
(a1 x+ b1) (a2 x+ b2 ) (a 3 x +b3 )
(a n x +bn )
A 2=
x=
b 2
x= a
2
P( x )
( a2 x+ b2 ) ( a3 x+ b3 ) ( an x +b n )
b 1
a1
A 2=
P( x )
( a1 x+ b1 ) ( a3 x+ b3 ) ( an x +b n )
A n=
P(x )
( a1 x+ b1 ) ( a2 x+ b2 ) ( a3 x+ b3 ) ( a n1 x +b n1)
.
.
x=
b n
an
Ejemplo:
Calcular:
( cosht2 ) dt
t
senht (2 cosh 2 +1)
2
Solucin:
( cosht2 ) dt
senht ( cosht +2 )
( cosht2 ) senhtdt
; sen h2 t=cos h2 t1
2
senh t ( cosht+ 2 )
( cosht 2 ) senht dt
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
z=cosht dz =senhtdt
( z2 ) dz
(z1)( z +1) ( z+ 2 )
z2
A
B
C
=
+
+
( z1)(z+1) ( z+2 ) z1 z +1 z +2
A=
z2
1 1
|z =1 ; A= 2.3 = 6
( z+1)(z +2)
B=
z2
3
3
=
| z=1 ; B=
|
( z1)( z +2)
(2) .1 2
C=
z2
4
4
=
|z =2 ; B=
|
(z1)(z+1)
(3 ) .(1) 3
z2
1 1
3 1
4 1
=
.
+ .
.
( z1)(z+1) ( z+2 ) 6 z1 2 z +1 3 z+ 2
I=
1
dz
3
dz
4
dz
+
6
( z1 ) 2 ( z+ 1 ) 3 ( z+ 2 )
I=
1
3
4
ln|z 1|+ ln |z +1| ln| z+2|+ C
6
2
3
1
1
9
8
I = ln |z1| .|z+ 1| .|z +2| +C
6
(z +1)9
1
I = ln
+C
6 ( z 1)( z +2)8
(cosht +1)9
1
I = ln
+C
6 ( cosht1)(cosht+ 2)8
SEGUNDO CASO:
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
P(x)
=
m
( xa1 ) ( x +a2 ) ( x +a3 ) ( x +a 4 )
q
A1
A2
A3
Aq
+
+
+ +
+
2
3
q
( xa1 ) ( x a1 ) ( xa1 )
( x a1 )
B1
B2
B3
Bm
+
+
++
+
2
3
m
( x+ a2 ) ( x +a2 ) ( x + a2 )
( x +a 2)
+C 1
C2
( x+ a3 ) ( x +a 4 )
Los coeficientes: A 1 , A 2 , A 3 . A q ; B 1 , B2 , B3 .. Bm ; C1 , C2 ;se tienen
que calcular
Algebraicamente.
Ejemplo:
Calcula:
6 dx
x( x21)3 ( x 4 + x 2 +1)3
Solucin:
Ordenando el integrando
5
dx
x66( xx6 1)
3
Haciendo el siguiente cambio de variable
6
w=x dw=6 x dx
Remplazando en la integral original
dw
w(w1)3
Aplicando la descomposicin en sus fracciones parciales a la fraccin
racional propia del integrando.
1
A
B
C
D
= +
+
+
3
2
w(w1) w w1 ( w1 ) ( w1 )3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1= A ( w1 ) + Bw ( w1 ) +Cw ( w1 ) + Dw
w=0 1=A +0+0+ 0 A=1
w=1 1=0+0+0+ D D=1
dw
dw
dw
dw
dw
=
+
+
3
2
w
w1
w( w1)
( w1 )
( w1 )3
1
1
+K
( w1 ) 2 ( w1 )2
I =ln
2 ( w1 )1
+
+K
|w1
|
w
2 ( w1 )
I =ln
2 w3
+
+K
|w1
w | 2 ( w1 )
I =ln
| |
x6 1
2 x 63
+
+K
2
x6
2 ( x 61 )
Ejemplo:
Calcula:
dx
e 3 x + 3 e2 x+3 e x+1
Solucin:
e
e dx
x
e ( 3 x +3 e 2 x +3 e x +1)
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
dz
dz
z( z3 +3 z 2+ 3 z +1) = z( z+1)3
1
A B
C
D
= +
+
+
3
2
3
z
z
+1
z ( z+1 )
(z+1) (z +1)
3
2
1= A (z+ 1) + B ( z ) ( z+ 1 ) + cz ( z +1 ) + Dz
z=-1 , D=-1
z=0 , 1=A+0+0+0 , A=1
z=1 , 1=8+4B+2C-1 2B+C=-3
z=-2 , 1=-1-2B+2C+2 B=C
3B=-3
entonces : B=-1 y C=-1
1
1
1
1
1
=
3
2
3
z ( z +1) z z+1 (z +1) (z +1)
I=
I=
dZ
dZ
2
3
( z +1) dZ ( z +1) dZ
z z +1
ln |z|ln |z+1|+
1
1
+
+k
z +1 2(z +1)2
I =ln
+k
| z+1z |+ 22(zz+2+1
+1)
I =ln
| |
ex
2 e x+ 3
+
+k
e x +1 2( e x +1)2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
TERCER CASO:
( a1 x +b 1 x +c 1 )(a 2 x + b2 x +c 2 )( a3 x 2 +b 3 x +c 3 ) (a n x 2 +bn x+ c n )
A1 x+ B1
( a1 x2 +b 1 x +c 1 )
A 2 x+ B 2
( a2 x2 +b 2 x +c 2 )
A 3 x +B 3
( a3 x 2+ b3 x +c 3 )
=
A n x +B n
++
( an x 2+ bn x + cn )
2
Dnde: 1 <0 ; 2 <0 ; 3 < 0; ; n <0, ; ; n=B n4 A n Cn <0
P( x)=( A1 x+ B1 ) ( a2 x 2 +b2 x+ c 2)( a3 x 2+ b3 x +c 3 ) ( an x2 +b n x +c n ) +
( A2 x+ B2 ) ( a1 x 2 +b1 x+ c1 )( a3 x2 +b 3 x +c 3 ) ( an x 2 +bn x+ c n ) +
+ ( An x+ B n ) ( a1 x 2 +b 1 x +c 1 )( a2 x 2+ b2 x +c 2 ) ( an1 x 2 +bn1 x+ c n1 )
Los coeficientes : A 1 , A 2 , A 3 A n ; B1 , B2 , B3 B n . Se calculan algebraicamente
CUARTO CASO:
P(x)
2
( a1 x +b 1 x +c 1 ) ( a2 x 2 +b2 x+ c2 )
A 1 x + B1
2
a1 x +b1 x+ c1
C 1 x + D1
2
a2 x +b2 x+ c 2
A 2 x + B2
A 3 x +B 3
( a1 x 2+b 1 x +c 1 ) ( a1 x 2 +b1 x+ c 1)
C2 x +D
+ +
+ +
C3 x+ D3
(a2 x 2+ b2 x +c 2 ) ( a2 x2 +b 2 x +c 2 )
A q x + Bq
q
( a1 x2 +b 1 x +c 1 )
C m x + Dm
(a 2 x 2+ b2 x +c 2 )
=b2 4 ( a )( c ) <0
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Los coeficientes : A 1 , A 2 , A 3 A q ; B1 , B2 , B3 Bq ; ; C1 , C2 ,C 3 Cm ; D1 , D2 , D3 Dm .
Se calculan algebraicamente.
Criterio de Hermite:
Px
2
(a 3 x + b3 +c 3 ) ( a1 x+ b1 )3
2
dx
A O + A 1 X + A2 X 2 + A 3 X 3
2
( a3 x2 +b 3+ c 3 ) ( a1 x+b 1 )
B O + B1 X + B 2 X 2
(a3 x 2+ b3 +c 3 ) ( a 1 x+ b1 )
dx
A 0 , A 1 , A2 , A 3 , B0 , B1 , B 2
se deriva ambos
EJEMPLO:
Calcula:
8 dx
ln x16 ) x
8
Solucin:
Haciendo el cambio de variable:
ln x=z
dx
=dz
x
I =
8 dz
8 dz
1
1
= 4
= 4
4
dz
4
( z 16 )
( z 4 ) (z +4 )
z 4 z + 4
I =
dz
dz
4
z 4
z +4
dz
z +4
dz
I 1 = 4
; I
z 4
2=
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I 1 =
dz
( z 2 ) ( z2 +2)
2
I1 =
1
4
I1 =
1
dz
1
dz
2
2
4 z 2 4 z +2
I1 =
z2 2 z 2 +2
1
8 2
ln
) dz
ln x 2
1
z
arc tg
ln x + 2 4 2
2
( )
2
ln x 2 2
I 1 = ln
arc tg
16
8
ln x + 2
I 2 =
( 22ln x )
dz
dz
= 2
z +4
( z 2 z+ 2 )( z 2 +2 z+2 )
4
z +2 4 z
4
2
2
z +4=z + 4 z +44 z =
4
z +4=( z 2 z +2 ) (z +2 z +2)
2
1
2
( z 2 z +2 ) ( z + 2 z +2 )
Az+ B
Cz+ D
+ 2
z 2 z +2 z +2 z +2
2
2 A+ B2 C+ D=0 4 C+ B+ D=0
2 A+ 2 B+2 C2 D=0 2 A+2 B2 A2 D D=B
1
1
2 B+2 D=1 4 D=1 D= ; B=
4
4
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2 (C )+
1
1
1
4 C+ =0 C= ; A=
2
8
8
1
1
1
1
z+
z+
8
4
8
4
= 2
+ 2
2
2
( z 2 z +2 ) ( z + 2 z +2 ) z 2 z +2 z +2 z +2
1
z
z
8( 2+2 z+2)
z +2
8( 22 z +2)+
1
z +2
=
2
2
( z 2 z +2 ) ( z + 2 z +2 )
Integrando
dz
1
z2
1
z +2
= 2
dz + 2
dz
2
8 z 2 z +2
8 z + 2 z +2
( z 2 z +2 ) ( z + 2 z +2 )
I 2=
2
I2 =
1
2 z 4
1
2 z+ 4
dz + 2
dz
2
16 z 2 z +2
16 z + 2 z +2
I2 =
1 (2 z2)dz 1
2dz
1 (2 z+2)dz 1
2 dz
2
+ 2
+ 2
2
16
z 2 z +2 16 z 2 z +2 16 z +2 z+ 2 16 z +2 z +2
I2 =
1
1
1
1
1
1
ln|z 22 z +2|+ 2
dz+ ln |z 2+2 z +2|+ 2
dz
16
8 z 2 z +2
16
8 z +2 z+ 2
I2 =
1
z 2+2 z +2 1
dz
1
dz
ln 2
+
+
2
16
z 2 z +2 8 ( z 1 ) +1 8 ( z+1 )2 +1
I2 =
1
z 2+2 z +2 1
1
ln 2
+ arctg ( z1 ) + arctg ( z+ 1 )+ k
16
8
z 2 z +2 8
I2 =
1
ln 2 x+ 2 ln x +2 1
1
ln 2
+ arctg ( ln x 1 )+ arctg ( ln x +1 ) +k
16
8
ln x2 ln x +2 8
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Remplazando
I1 y I 2
en
2
ln x 2 2
I = ln
arc tg
16
8
ln x+ 2
16
ln x2 ln x +2
Ejercicios:
Calcule
1)
tanh xtanh 3 x
tanh 4 x4 tanh3 x 19 tanh2 x 46 tanh x +120 dx
Solucin:
Haciendo un cambio de variable
U = tanhx
dU
U 4 + 4 U 319 U 2 46 U +120
Factorizando el denominador por Rufini:
1
2
1
3
1
-19
-46
120
12
-14
-120
-7
-60
27
60
20 0
U 2 +9 U +20=
(U + 4)(U + 5)
A
U 2
B
U 3
C
U +4
D
U +5
A = (U3)(U + 4)(UU=
+ 5)
2U
A=
1
21
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
U
U=
(U2)(U + 4)(U
+5)
B=
3U
3
B = (1)( 7)(8)
2
C = 21
5
56
,D=
1
I = 21 dU
U2
3
56
3
56
U3 dU
2
21
U +4 dU
3
56
U +5 dU
5
56
U +5 dU
1
|U 2|
21 Ln
I=
3
|U 3|
56 Ln
5
|U + 4|
56 Ln
D
3
(Z +1)
2
21 Ln
|U +5| +K
1
2118 Ln
I=
(U 3)9 (U +4 )15
( U2)8 (U +5)16
+ K.
Calcule:
dx
e 3 x + 3 e2 x +3 e x+1
2)
Solucin:
ex
e x (e 3 x +3 e 2 x+ 3 e x +1) dx
ex=Z
ex dx= dz
dz
z ( z +3 z 2+3 z +1 )
3
1
3
Z ( Z+1)
A
Z
Z (Z+ 1)3 dZ
B
Z +1
c
2
(Z +1)
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Z=0; 1=A + 0 + 0 + 0
A=1
Z=-1; 1 = 8 + 4B + 2C - 1
6 + 4B + 2C =0
3 + 2B + C =0 2B + C = -3
Z=-2; 1 = -1 2B + 2C + 2
B=C
C = -1
B = -1
1
Z ( Z+1)3
I=
dZ
Z
I = Ln |Z|
I = Ln
1
Z
=
-
1
(Z +1)2
1
(Z +1)3
(Z +1)2 dZ
(Z +1)3 dZ
1
Z +1
dZ
Z +1
- Ln |Z+1| +
| |
ex
ex+ 1
1
e +1
1
Z +1
1
2( e + 1)2
x
1
2( Z +1)2
+K
+K
Ejemplo
Calcula
3)
sen2 x
sen 4 x+ 0.75 sen2 2 x + 4 cos 4 x dx
Solucin:
2
x
dx
cos 4 x ( tansen
4
2
x +3 t an x+ 4)
Haciendo el cambio
tan 4 x+ 3 t an2 x+ 4
tan 2 x sec 2 x
dx
de variable
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=
Z 4 + 3ZZ 2+ 4 dz
2
z +2 z
4
2
2
2
4
2
2
Z + 3Z + 4 + Z Z = (Z + 4Z + 4) Z =
= (Z2 + 2 -
Z)(Z2 + 2 + Z)
2
Z
2
2
(Z + Z+ 2)( Z Z +2)
AZ + B
2
Z + Z +2
CZ+ D
2
Z Z+2
; 1
= 1 4(1)
C=-A
BA+D+C=1
B 2A + D = 1
2A B + 2C+ D = 0
2B + 2D = 0
1
2
A=
B=0
C=
1
;
2 D=0
1
Z
2
I = 2 Z + Z+2 dz
I=
1
Z
dz
2
2 Z Z +2
1 ( 2 Z +1 )1
dz
2
4
Z + Z+ 2
1 2 z1+1
dz
4 Z 2Z +2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
ln|Z 2 +Z +2|
4
I=
1
1
2 7
1
2 Z1
dZ
4 Z 2Z +2
arctan(
1 2 Z
(Z + ) +(
)
2
2
1
Z )
(Z ) +(
2
2
2 Z1
) ,
7
2 7
arctan(
2 Z +1
+ 2 7 arctan( 7 ) +
1
ln |z 2z+ 2|
4
z = tanx
1
ln |tan 2 x +tanx+2|
4
I=
dZ
dZ
1
ln|Z 2 +Z +2|
4
I=
1
4
1
2 7
arctan(
2tanx+ 1
)
7
2
+ 4 ln |tan xtanx+2|
2tanx1
)
7
Reduciendo:
1
tan 2 xtanx+2
ln
4
tan 2 x+ tanx+2
I=
1
2 7
arctan(
2tanx1
)
7
1
2 7
arctan(
2tanx+ 1
)
7
+ K.
Ejemplo:
Calcule
x
x ( 22 x+1)2
dx
Solucin:
dx
x ( x1)4
A x 2 +Bx +c
(x1)3
Dx+ E
+ x ( x1) dx
( x1 )3 ( 2 Ax +B )( A x 2+ Bx+ c ) 3( x1)2
6
( x1)
Dx+ E
x (x1)
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
4
x ( x1)
x 3 x +3 x1
( Dx+ E )
1=2A
x 32 A x 2 + B x 23 x3 A x 33 B x 23 cx+ D x 4 3 D x 3 +3 D x 2Dx+ E x 33 E x 2+ 3 ExE
4
3
2
1=D x + (A3 D+ E ) x + (2 A2 B+3 D3 E ) x + (B3CD+3 E ) xE
D=0
-A-3D+E=0E=A
-2A-2B+3D-3E=0 -5A=2B B=-B-3C-D+3E=0
5A
2 -3C+3A=0
5A
2
11 A
2 =3C C=
11 A
6
E = - 1; D = 0
A= - 1
C= -
B=
5
2
11
6
dx
x (x 22 x+ 1)2
I=
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
6 ( x1 )3
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
I=
6( x1)3
I=
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
3
6 ( x1 )
Ejemplo:
11
2 5
x + x
2
6
3
( x1)
dx
- x ( x1 )
1
1
- ( x1 x dx
- lnx-1 +lnx + k
x
+ ln ( x1 ) + k
Calcula
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1+3 x
4
3
2
3
2
3
x 2 x16 x +32 x
1
3
dx
Solucin:
2
3
( x +3 ) x
2
3
( x2 x 16 x
2
3
1
3
1
z=x 3 dz= x
3
dx ;
2
3
dx
+32 x 3
3 dz=x 3 dx
( z2 +3 ) 3 dz
z ( z 32 z 216 z+ 32 )
( z2 +3 ) dz
z ( z 2 )( z4 )( z +4 )
A
B
C
D
+
+
+
z z2 z4 z + 4
A=
z +3
A= 3
( z2 ) ( z4 ) ( z + 4 ) z=0
32
B=
z +3
B= 7
z=2
(
)
(
)
24
z z4 z+ 4
C=
z +3
C= 19
z=4
64
z ( z2 ) ( z + 4 )
z +3
D=19
D=
z
=4
192
z ( z2 ) ( z4 )
I =3
I=
3 dz 7
dz 19
dz
19
+
z 24 z2
dz
32
64 z4 192 z + 4
9
7
57
19
ln |z| ln| z2|+ ln |z4| ln|z + 4|+ K
32
8
64
64
9
57
19
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
9
32
I =ln
57
64
|z| |z4|
7
8
19
64
+ K I =ln
| z2| |z+ 4|
57
64
| |
|x 2| |x + 4|
3
32
1
3
|x| x 4
1
3
7
8
19
64
1
3
+K
Ejercicio:
x 2 +1
2
x ( x 2 +2 x +2 )
dx
( 2 )24 ( 2 ) (1 )< 0
Solucin:
x 2+1
x ( x 2+ 2 x +2 )
A
Bx+ C
Dx+ E
+ 2
+ 2
x x + 2 x +2 ( x +2 x +2 )2
2
A + B=0 B=A B=
1
1
A=
4
4
4 A +2 B+C=0 C=2 A C=
1
E=1
2
I =
1
2
1
1
1
1
dx
x
x1
4
4
2
2
+ 2
dx+ 2
dx
2
x
x +2 x +2
( x +2 x +2 )
I=
1 dx 1
x 2
1
x2
2
dx +
dx
2
4
x 4 x +2 x+ 2
2 ( x +2 x +2 )2
I=
ln| x| 1 ( 2 x+ 2 ) dx 1
( 2 x+2 ) dx
dx
1
dx
2
+ 2
3
2
2
2
4
8 x +2 x +2 2 ( x+1 ) +1 4 ( x +2 x +2 )
[ ( x +1 )2 +1 ]
I=
ln| x| 1
1
1
1
dx
ln |x 2+ 2 x +2| tg1 ( x+1 )
3
2
4
4
8
2
4 x +2 x+ 2
[ ( x+1 )2 +1 ]
Ia
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x+ 1
sen w=
x+1=tg w
2
dx
2
( x+ 1 ) +1
dx
=sec
w
dw
I a=
;
4
[ ( x +1 )2 +1 ] ( x +1 )2 +1=sec w cos w= 1 2
( x+1 ) +1
w+ sen w cos w
tg 1 ( x +1 )
1
x +1
( 1+cos 2 w ) dw= ()=
+
2
2
2
2 ( x + 2 x +2 )
sec 2 w dw 1
=
2
sec 4 w
I a=
Reemplazando: I =
ln|x| 1
1 6 x +7
ln |x 2+2 x +2|2 tg1 ( x +1 )
4
8
4 x 2 +2 x +2
2
2
3
3
x, x ,x ,x ,, x
R()dx
m
m
1 , 2 , 3 , , m
x=t dx=q t
q 1
es q.
dt
N (t ) dt
B) Integral de la forma:
1
1
2
2
(( )( )(
px +q
H x , ax+ b
px+ q
,
ax +b
px+ q
,
ax +b
3
3
px +q
, ,
ax +b
n
n
) )dx
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1 , 2 , 3 , , n
es l.
px +q l
px +q ( ax+ b ) p( px+ q ) a
=t t =
dx=lt l1 dt
2
ax+b
ax+ b
( ax +b )
Remplazando se obtiene una nueva integral de una funcin racional en
t
P(t )
Q(t) dt
Ejemplo
Calcula las siguientes integrales propias
(2+ x) 6 x
dx
a)
2+ 3 x
b)
3x 2
xdx
x 2+1
SOLUCION
a)
(2+ x) 6 x
3
2+ x
dx=
(2+ x 2 ) x 6
2+ x
1
3
dx
(2+ ( z 6 ) 2 )z
1
6 3
6 z 5 dz
2+ ( z )
(2+ z ) z 5
6 z dz
2+ z 2
(2+ z ) 6
2 z2 6
z dz=6 z
z dz
2
2+ z
2+ z 2
6 z7 dz6
2 z2 6
z dz
2+ z2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
( z2 )
3
( 3+ 23)2
dz
2
z +2
3
z 86
4
( 2 z 2 )
3 8
8
z 6 ( 2 z2 ) z 4 2 z 2 + 4 2
dz
4
z +2
3 8
16 z
16
5
3
4
2
z 6 2 z 4 z +8 z 2 2 z 4 z 8+ 2 dz
4
z +2
z +2
3 8
12 5
96
6
4
2
2
3
z 2 z +6 z 24 z + 48 ln |z + 2|+ z +8 z arctg ( z ) +C
4
5
2
36 8
6
4
2
2
12 5
3
96
x 2 6 x + 6 6 x 24 6 x + 48 ln |6 x +2|+ 6 x + 8 6 x arctg ( 6 x ) +C
4
5
2
I=
33 4
2
12 5
x 2 x+6 3 x 24 3 x +48 ln|3 x +2|+ 6 x +8 x48 2 arctg ( 6 x ) +C
4
5
b)
3x 2
3x 2
xdx= 2
x 2+1
x +1
( )
1
2
z 2=
3x 2
3x 2
;
z=
x2 +1
x2 +1
z 2=
x 23
x2 +1
z 2= 1
4
x +1
2
z 2+1=
4
x +1
x 2+1=
4
z +1
x 2=1+
4
z +1
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2 xdx =
xdx=
I =
8 z
( z 2 +1 )
4 zdz
( z 2+1 )
2 1
2
( )
3x
2
x +1
1
I = ( z 2 ) 2
I =2
xdx
4 zdz
((
z 2 +1 )
2 z 2 dz
( z 2+1 )
=2 I a
u=z du=dz
2
dv=( z 2 +1 ) 2 zdz v=
I a=z
1
z 2+1
( z1+1 ) z1+1 dz
2
I a=
z
1
+ 2 dz
2
z +1
z +1
I a=
z
+ arctan( z )
z 2 +1
I =2 I a=
2z
2 arctan ( z)
z 2+1
3x 2
2
2
x +1
3x
I=
2 arctan ( 2 )
3x 2
x +1
+1
2
x +1
2
3x 2
2( x +1) 2
x +1
3x 2
I=
2 arctan ( 2 )
4
x +1
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x 2 +1. 3x 2
I=
2 arctan(
2
3x 2
)
x 2+ 1
EJERCICIO
x4 x
Calcule
dx
SOLUCIN
M . C . M . ( 2 , 4 )=4
x=t 4 dx =4 t 3 dt , t=4 x
I =
t t
t dt
t dt
3
(
)
4
t
dt
=4
=4
3
6
2
3
2
3
t (t 1)
(t 1)
( t4 t 2 )
I =2 t
2tdt
3
( t 21 )
u=t du=dt
dv=
2tdt
3
( t 1 )
v=
1
1
2 ( t 21 )2
I
t
1
dt
= 2
+ 2
2
2 2 ( t 1 ) 2 ( t 1 )2
IA
I A =
t 21t 2
2
( t 1 )
dt=
dt
1
2 tdt
+ t 2
2
t 1 2
( t 1 )
2
u=t du=dt
dv=
2tdt
2
( t 1 )
I A =
v=
1
t 21
dt 1 t
dt
1
dt
1 t
+
+ 2
= 2 2
2
2
2
t 1
t 1
t 1
t 1 2 t 1
2
Reemplazando en
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=
I=
I=
t
2
( t 1 )
t
2
( t 1 )
t
2
( t 1 )
1
dt
1 t
2 t 2 1 2 t 21
1
dt
2
2 ( t 1 ) 2 1t
t
1
+ tanh1 ( t ) +k
2 ( t 1 ) 2
I=
( x1 )
t=4 x
x + 1 tanh1 ( 4 x ) +k
2 ( x1 ) 2
EJERCICIO
Calcule
1 3 t
t2 3 t7
dt
SOLUCIN
1t 1 /3 2 /3
t dt
1+ t 1 /3
1z
3 1z
3 dz=3
dz
1+ z
1+ z
1z
1+ z
w= 3
13 t
1+ 3 t
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
dz=
6 w dw
( w3 +1 )
I =3 w
6 w 2 dw
2
( w3 +1 )
=6 w
3 w2 dw
( w 3+1 )
u=w du=dw
2
dv=( w3 +1 ) 3 w2 dw v=
I =6
1
( w3 +1 )
w
dw
6w
dw
+ 3
= 3 6 3
3
w +1
w +1 w +1
w +1
IA
I A =
dw
w3 +1
1
A
Bw +C
=
+ 2
2
w+1
( w+1 ) ( w w+1 )
w w+ 1
1= A ( w2w+1 ) + ( Bw+ C ) ( w+1 )
1=( A+ B ) w 2+ ( A+ B+C ) w+ ( A+C )
A + B=0 B=A
A+ B+C=0 C=2 A
1
1
2
A +C=1 A= B=
C=
3
3
3
I A=
1
dw 1
w2
2
dw
3 w+1 3 w w+ 1
1
1
2 w1
1
I A = ln|w+1| 2
dw+
3
6 w w+1
2
dw
1 2 3
w +
2
2
)( )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
1
1
2 w1
I A = ln|w+1| ln |w2w+1|+ tan 1
3
6
3
3
Reemplazando en
))
I=
6w
1
1
1
2 w1
6 ln |w+ 1| ln|w2 w+1|+
tan1
+k
3
3
6
w +1
3
3
I=
6w
w +2 w +1
2 w1
ln 2
2 3 tan1
+k
3
w +1
w w+1
3
Integrales de la forma:
M ( x , ax 2+ bx+ c ) dx
a) Primer caso:
ax 2+ bx+ c ; a> 0
Haciendo la siguiente sustitucin:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
ax 2+ bx+ c= a x + z
b+2 a z
( b+2 a z ) 2 z( z 2c ) ( 2 a )
2 a z 2 +2 bz+ 2 a c
dx=
dx=
dz
2
2
( b+2 a z )
( b+ 2 a z )
ax 2+ bx+ c= a x + z
ax 2+ bx+ c=+ z a
z 2c
b+ 2 a z
bz a z +c a
ax 2+ bx+ c= 2 a z +b+2
az
+bz +c a
ax 2+ bx+ c= a zb+2
az
N (z ) dz
b) Segundo caso:
ax 2+ bx+ c ; c >0
Haciendo el siguiente cambio de variable:
ax 2 +bx +c=zx c
Considerando uno de los signos
ax 2+ bx+ c=zx c
ax2 +bx +c + c
z=
Entonces
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
M ( z)
N (z ) dz
c) Tercer caso:
, es factorizable en R
a x2 +bx +c= ( x ) t
Elevando ambos miembros al cuadrado
2
2 2
2 2
a x + b x+ c=( x ) t ( x + ) ( x )= ( x ) t
x+ =( x ) t 2 x+ =x t 2 t 2 x =
x=
+ t
2
t 1
+t2
2
t 1
dx=
2
2
2 t ( t 1 ) ( + t ) 2 t
( t 21 )
dt
a x2 +bx +c= ( x ) t
a x2 +bx +c=
+ t 2
t +
t= 2
2
t 1
t 1
P (t )
Q ( t ) dt
Se forma una nueva integral de una funcin racional en la variable
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
EJERCICIO
Calcule por el primer caso de la sustitucin de Euler, considerando
dx
x ( x x 24 )
2
SOLUCIN
x24=1 x + z z=x+ x 24
Elevando ambos miembros al cuadrado
x 24=x 22 xz + z 2
2
z +4
x=
2z
2
2 z ( 2 z ) ( z 2+ 4 ) 2
z 4
dx=
dz
dx=
dz
2
2
4z
2z
2
z 4
+ z x 24=
x24= z2 4
z
2z
Reemplazando los datos en la integral irracional
I =
4 z 2 ( z 24 ) dz
2
2
2
( z 2 + 4 ) z + 4 z 4 2 z
2z
2z
2
1 z ( z 4 )
= 2
dz
2 ( z + 4 )2
2
2
2
1 z ( z + 4 ) 8 z
1 2 zdz
I=
dz= 2 2 ( z 2+ 4 ) 2 zdz
2
2
2
4 z +4
( z +4 )
1
2
I = ln |z 2+ 4|+ 2 + k
4
z +4
Finalmente, regresamos a la variable original
z=x + x 24
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2
1
2
I = ln ( x + x 24 ) +4 +
+k
2
2
4
( x + x 4 ) + 4
EJERCICIO
Calcule usando el tercer caso de sustitucin de Euler
( x+ x 2 +2 x 3 ) dx
( x1 ) ( 1 x 2+2 x3 )
SOLUCIN
2
x +2 x3=( x+3 )( x1 )
Realizamos el cambio de variable
( x +3 )( x1 )= ( x 1 ) z z=
x+3
x1
( x+ 3 )( x1 ) =( x1 )2 z 2
2
x+ 3=x z z
z 2 +3
4
x= 2
x1= 2
z 1
z 1
2
dx=
2 z ( z 1 ) ( z +3 ) 2 z
( z 21 )
( x +3 )( x1 )=
dx=
8 z
( z2 1 )
dz
z 2+3
4z
1 z x 2 +2 x3= 2
2
z 1
z 1
z 2+3
4z
+ 2
zdz
2
z 1 z 1
( z 2 +4 z +3 ) zdz
8
I =8
=
2
4
2
( z 1 ) ( z2 4 z1 )
( z 21 ) 24 1 42 z
z 1
z 1
I =2
( z+1 )( z +3 ) zdz
( z+1 ) ( z1 ) ( z 24 z1 )
=2
z 2 +3 z
dz
( z 1 ) ( z 24 z1 )
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =
z2 +3 z
dz
( z1 ) ( z24 z1 )
2
z +3 z
A
Bz+C
=
+ 2
2
( z1 ) ( z 4 z1 ) z1 z 4 z1
z 2+3 z= A ( z 24 z1 ) + ( Bz+C ) ( z1 )
z 2+3 z=( A+ B ) z 2+ (4 AB+C ) z+ ( AC )
A + B=1 B=1 A
I =
dz
2 z +1
+ 2
dz
z 1
z 4 z1
I =
dz
2 z4
dz
+ 2
dz +5
2
z 1
z 4 z1
( z2 )2 5
5
z2 5
I =ln |z1|+ ln |z 24 z 1|+ ln
+c
2
z2+ 5
Reemplazando en
z2 5
+k
z 2+ 5
z=
I =2 ln
| |
x +3
x +3
x +3
1 2 ln
4
1 5 ln
x1
x1
x1
x +3
x1
x+ 3
2 5
x1
+k
x +3
2+ 5
x1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejemplo:
Calcula por el primer caso de Euler
2
x x 4
x2
dx
I =
Solucin:
x24 ; a=1>0
x24= 1 x+ t
x24=x+t ; t =x+ x 24
x 24=x 22 xt+ t 2
x=
t 2+ 4
4 t 22 t 28
t 24
dx=
dt
dx=
2t
4 t2
2 t2
2
4
x24=t t 2+t4 = t 2t
I =
I=
4 t 2 ( t 24 ) dt
2
2
( t 2 +4 ) 2 t2 t + 4 t 4
( 2t
2t
2
2
1 t ( t 4 )
1 t ( t + 48 )
1
t dt
2 t dt
dt
=
dt = 2 2
2
2
2
2 ( t2 + 4 )
2
2 t +4
( t2 + 4 )
( t 2+ 4 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
2
I = ln |t 2+ 4|+ 2 + K
4
t +4
2
1
2
2
I = ln ( x + x 4 ) +4 +
+K
2
2
4
( x + x 4 ) + 4
Ejercicio:
( x 3 x+2 )
2
( x2 )
dx , x >2
x 23 x+2=( x2 ) ( x 1 )
( x 2 ) ( x1)=( x2 ) z z=
( x 2 ) ( x1)
( x2 )
tambin: x 23 x+2=z 2 x 24 x z 2+ 4 z 2
2
2 z 1
x= 2
z 1
dx=
( z2 1 ) 4 z( 2 z 21 ) 2 z
dz
2
( z 21 )
dx=
x 23 x +2=
2 z
2
( z 21 )
2 z 21
z
2 z= 2
2
z 1
z 1
( ) [ ( z21z ) ]
z
2 z 1
dz=2
dz=2 dz2
dz
1
( z 1 )
( z 1 )
( z 1 )
z
2
z 1
I =
I =2 z4
| |
dz
dz
z+1
dz
2 2
=2 z +2 ln
2 2
2
z 1
z 1
( z 1 )
( z 1 )2
2
Ia
I a=
Ia
dz
( z 1 )2 ( z+ 1 )2
1
A
B
C
D
=
+
+
+
2
2
( z1 ) ( z+ 1 ) ( z1 ) ( z1 ) ( z +1 ) ( z +1 )2
2
1= A ( z +1 )2 ( z1 ) + B ( z+1 )2 +C ( z1 )2 ( z+1 )+ D ( z1 )2
( A+ BC+ D ) z 2 +
( 2 B2 DAC ) zA
1=(
A+C ) z3 +
+ B+C+ D
1
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Operando: A=
1
1
1
1
, B= ,C= , D=
4
4
4
4
I a=
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
dz
4 ( z 1 ) ( z1 )2 ( z+1 ) ( z+1 )2
I a=
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
z +1 1
z
ln| z1|
+ ln |z+ 1|
= ln
2
4
4 z 1 4
4 z +1 4 z1 2 z 1
( )
I =2 ln
| | ( )
( )
z+1 1
z+1
z
|z1
| 2 ln|z1
|+ z ( 32
z 1 )
1
I = ln
2
|[
( x2 ) (x 1) +1
]|
3
( x2 )
( x2 ) ( x1)
+
( x2 )
( x2 ) ( x1) 1
( x 2 )
32
((
( x2 ) ( x1)
( x 2 )
( x2 )( x1)
( x2 )
x m ( a+bx n ) dx
La expresin
m ,n y p Q ; a , b constantes diferentes de 0
x m ( a+bx n )
dx
z=x x=z
1
n
1 1
dx= z n dz
n
m
x m=z n
1
z ( a+bz ) 1n z n dz
p
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
z
n
m+1
1
n
( a+bz ) p dz
1= no Z , p Z
n
n
n
Haciendo el siguiente cambio de variable para eliminar la expresin
irracional:
a+bz =w bdz=w1 dw , pues, la dificultad de integracin est en
el binomio.
Remplazando en la integral del binomio diferencial se obtiene una
integral de una funcin racional en w:
P(w)
Q(w) dw
e) Tercer caso:
m+1
p Z ,
Z
n
Ordenando la integral que depende de z
m+1
p
m+1
p
1
1
a
p a
n
n
z
z
+b
dz
z
z
+b
dz p=
z
z
( ( ))
m+1
1+ p
n
( )
a+bz p
m+1
dz (
1+ p) Z
z
n
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
m+1
Entonces ( n + p) Z
a+bz
a+bz
=w a+ bz=z w w=
z
z
a
1
Diferenciando: z 2 dz= w dw
Remplazando en la integral que depende de z se obtiene una nueva
integral de una funcin racional en la variable W.
M (w)
N ( w) dw
Resumen:
x m ( a+bx n )
dx
1.
p Z
m=
, n=
1
2
MCM de 1 , 2 es q
q
La sustitucin que se hace es: x=t
2.
m+1
Z , p=
n
3.
(
m+1
+ p) Z p=
n
a
a
na
+b=t n =t b n+1 dx= t 1 d t
n
x
x
x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejemplo
Calcula:
31
x
[
3
x + x + x (1+ x) (1x+ x ) +
7
3 x 2
2 4
1+ 2 x+ x
dx
Solucin
Ordenando la integral indefinida dada innicialmente
I = x ( 1+ x 3 ) 3 + x
1
3
x 3 ( 1+ x 3 ) 3 + x 3 ( x +1 )
]dx
2
I =
x ( 1+ x 3 ) 3 dx +
x1 ( 1+ x 3 ) 3 dx +
x 3 ( x+1 ) dx
I1
I2
1
3 3
I 1 = x ( 1+ x ) dx ; m=1 , n=3 , p=
I3
1
3
m+1 1+1 2
=
= Z
n
3
3
m+1
2 1
+ p= + =1 Z tercer caso de la integral
n
3 3
de un binomio diferencial
3
3 3
1+ x =x z
3
1+ x 3
z=
1
1
1
3 z 2
z 2 x2
3
3
3
2
+ 1=z 3 =z 1 x = 3
3 x dx= 3
dz dx= 3
dz
2
2
x3
x
z 1
( z 1 )
( z 1 )
Remplazando en la integral irracional:
xxz z 2 x2
( z3 1 )
dz
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I 1 =
( z 1 )
dz= z ( z 31)2 z 2 dz
u dv=uv vdu
u=z
du=dz
1 ( 3 )2 2
1
dv= z 1 3 z dz v= 3
3
3 ( z 1 )
I1 =
z
1
dz
3
3 ( z 1 ) 3 ( z 1 )
I a=
dz
3
( z 1 )
+ ( Bz +C ( z+1)
2
2
1=A ( z + z+1 ) + ( Bz +C ( z1 )= ( A +B ) z + ( AB+C ) z +(AC )
1
3
1
B=
3
2
C=
3
A=
1
3
1
z+2
I a=
dz 2
dz
3 ( z + z +1 )
( z 1 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
1
2 z +1
1
I a= ln |z1| 2
dz
3
6 ( z + z +1 )
2
dz
1 2 3
+
2
2
1
1
1
2 z +1
I a= ln |z1| ln|z 2 + z +1|
tan1
3
6
3
3
( z1)
1
1
1 2 z +1
I a= ln 2
tan
6
z + z+1 3
3
I1 =
(z1)2
z
1
1
2 z +1
ln
+
tan 1
3
2
18
3( z 1)
z + z +1 3 3
3
1+ x
x
I1 =
3
([
3 1+ x 3
x
] )
1
ln
18
3 1+ x 3
x
( )( )
z+
3
3
1+ x
+
+1
1+ x 3 1
x
I 2 = x1 ( 1+ x 3 ) 3 dx ; m=1 , n=3 , p=
1
3 3
tan
3 1+ x3 +1
x
4
3
m+1 1+1 0
=
= =0 Z segundo caso de laintegral
n
3
3
de un binomio diferencial
Haciendo el siguiente cambio de variable
3
1+ x3 =z 3 z= 1+ x 3 x 3=z 31
3 x2 dx=3 z 2 dz dx=x2 z 2 dz
2 2
I 2 = x z x z dz=
1 4
x3
dz
1 dz
dz= 2 3
= 2 3
2
z
z ( z 1 )
z ( z 1 )
( z 31 ) z 3
z dz
I 2 = 2 3
dz= z 2 dz + 3
( z 1 )
z ( z 1 )
Ib
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I b=
z dz
( z3 1 )
z
A
Bz+C
=
+ 2
2
( z1 ) ( z + z+ 1 ) ( z1 ) ( z + z +1 )
2
2
Z=A ( z + z+1 ) + ( Bz +C ( z1 )= ( A +B ) z + ( AB+C ) z +(AC )
1
3
1
B=
3
1
C=
3
A=
1
1 1
z+
3
3
3
1
dz
1
z 1
I b=
dz + 2
dz =
2
dz
3
3
( z 1 )
(
z1
)
( z + z +1 )
( z + z +1 )
1
1
2 z +1
1
I b= ln |z1| 2
dz+
3
6 ( z + z +1 )
2
dz
1 2 3
z+ +
2
2
( )( )
1
1
1
2 z+1
I b= ln |z1| ln|z 2 + z +1|+ tan1
3
6
3
3
( z1 )2
1
1
2 z+1
I b= ln 2
+ tan 1
6
z + z+1 3
3
Reemplazando:
( z1 )2
1
1
1 2 z +1
I 2 =z + ln 2
+
tan
6
z + z+ 1 3
3
1
1
I2 = 3
+ ln
3 6
1+ x
( 3 1+ x 31 )
1
1 2 1+ x +1
+
tan
3
32 3
3
3
1+ x + 1+ x +1 3
)
ING. EDWIN TELLO
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
3
1
2
I = x ( x +1 )
3
MCM de 3 ,2 es 6
x=Z6 dx=6 Z5 dz
2
I 3 = z2 ( z 3 +1 ) 6 Z 5 dz
5
I 3 = 2
Z
3 z ( z +1 ) dz
u
dv
u dv=uv vdu
5
4
u 2 z du=10 z dz
2
dv=3 z 2 ( z3 +1 ) dz v=
I3 =
1
3
z +1
2 Z
z dz 2 Z
z
+ 10 3 = 3
+10 z dz10 3 dz
3
z +1
z +1 z +1
z +1
0=
z
z dz
dz=
z +1
( z+ 1 ) ( z 2z +1 )
I
3
z
A
Bz +C
=
+ 2
2
( z +1 ) ( z z+ 1 ) ( z +1 ) z z +1
2
Z=A ( z z+ 1+ ( Bz+ C ) ( z +1)
2
Z=(A+B) z + ( A+ B+C ) Z+( A+C )
A+B=0 B=A
A+ B+C=1 2 A+C=1
A +C=0 C=A
3 A=1 A=
1
1
1
;
C=
;
B=
3
3
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
dz
1
z +1
+
dz
z +1 3 z 2z +1
1
0=
3
I
I
1
1 2 z 1 +3
0 = ln|z +1|+ 2
dz
3
6 z z+1
0=
1
1
1
2 z1
ln |z +1|+ ln |z2z +1|+
Arctg (
)
3
6
3
3
1
z 2z +1 1
2 z +1
z dz + ln
+ tan 1
2
6
( z1 )
3
3
5
2Z
I 3 = 3 +10
z +1
I 3 =
2 Z5
5
z 2z+ 1 10
2
1 2 z +1
+5
z
ln
tan
3
2
3
z +1
( z1 )
3
3
5
2( x)
)
6
5 ( x) x +1 10
2 x +1
I 3 = 6 3 +5( x) ln
tan 1
2
6
3
3
3
( x ) +1
( x1 )
2
I =I 1 + I 2+ I 3
EJERCICIO
3
4
2
3 x [ x 5 + x 2+ 6 x 2+ 4 x + ( 1+ x ) ] dx
SOLUCIN
1
3 3
1
1
4
4
1
2
1 2
I =
x ( 1+ x ) dx +
x ( 2+ x ) dx +
x 3 (1+ x 2 ) dx
I1
I2
I3
I1
Calculando
1
I 1 = x ( 1+ x 3 ) 3 dx
1
m+1
m=1 , n=3 , p=
+ p =1 Z
3
n
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1+ x =x
3
1+ x 3
z z=
3 3
x3+1=z 3 x3 =
1
z 1
3
3 x4 dx=3 z 2 dz dx=x 4 z 2 dz
Reemplazando en
I1
2
I 1 = x xz x 4 z 2 dz= x 6 z 3 dz= ( x 3 ) z3 dz
I 1 =
z 3 dz
2
( z 31 )
2
1
z ( z 3 1 ) 3 z 2 dz
u=z du=dz
2
dv=( z 1 ) 3 z dz v=
I1 =
1
z 31
1 z
dz
z
1
dz
+ 3
= 3
3
3
3 z 1
z 1 3 ( z 1 ) 3
z 1
IA
I A =
dz
z 1
3
1
A
Bz +C
=
+ 2
2
z1
( z1 ) ( z + z+ 1 )
z + z +1
1= A ( z 2 + z+1 )+ ( Bz +C ) ( z1 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1=( A+ B ) z 2+ ( AB+C ) z + ( AC )
A + B=0 B=A
AB+C=0 C=2 A
1
1
2
AC=1 A= B=
C=
3
3
3
I A=
1
dz
1
z +2
2
dz
3 z1 3 z + z +1
I A=
1
dz
1
2 z +1
1
2
dz
3 z1 6 z + z +1
2
dz
( )( )
1
1
1
2
1 2 z +1
I A = ln|z 1| ln| z + z +1| tan
3
6
3
3
1
z 2 z+ 1
1
2 z +1
I A = ln 2
tan 1
6
z + z+ 1
3
3
1 2 3
z+ +
2
2
I1
Reemplazando en
( |
I1 =
z
1 1
z 22 z+1
1
2 z +1
ln
tan 1
2
3
z + z+1
3
3
3 ( z 1 ) 3 6
I1 =
z
1
z 22 z+ 1
1
2 z+ 1
ln
+
tan1
2
3
z + z+ 1 3 3
3
3 ( z 1 ) 18
))
3 1+ x 3
x
z=
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1+ x 3
1+ x 3
) 2(
)+ 1
x
x
1+ x
(
3 2
1+ x
) +(
)+ 1
3
(
I 1=
1
3 3
1+ x 3
)
x
3
3 (
3 1+ x 3 ) 1
x
tan1
1+ x 3
)+ 1
x
3
1
ln
18
I2
Calculando
1
2
++
2(
I 2 = x 2+ x
1
1
4
4
) dx
1
1
1
m+1
m= , n= , p=
=6 Z
2
4
4
n
( )
2+ x 4 =z 4 z= 2+ 4 x
1
4
x =z 42
1
x
4
3
4
3
4
dx=4 z dz dx=16 x z dz
I2
Remplazando en
1
2
3
4
5
4
11
12 1
13 3 1
146 41
15 10 10 51
20
16
12
I2 =
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
z=( 2+ x)
4
2+ x
4
4
2+4 x
16
I2 =
25
Calculando
1
I3
1 2
I 3 = x 3 1+ x 2
dx
1
1
m= , n= , p=2 p Z
3
2
Es el primer caso de la integral de un binomio diferencial.
M . C . M . ( 3,2 )=6
x=z 6 dx=6 z 5 dz
Reemplazando en
I3
I 3 = z2 ( 1+ z 3 ) 6 z 5 dz=2 z5 ( 1+ z3 ) 3 z 2 dz
5
u=z du=5 z dz
2
dv=( 1+ z 3 ) 3 z2 dz v=
I 3 =2
z 5
z 4 dz
+5
1+ z 3
1+ z 3
1
3
1+ z
2 z5
z 4 dz
I3 =
+10
1+ z 3
1+ z 3
IB
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I3 =
2 z
z
2 z
z
+10 z
dz=
+5 z 210
dz
3
3
3
3
1+ z
1+ z
1+ z
1+ z
IC
I C =
z
dz
3
1+ z
z
A
Bz +C
=
+ 2
2
( z +1 ) ( z z+ 1 ) z +1 z z +1
z= A ( z 2z +1 ) + ( Bz +C )( z +1 )
z=( A+ B ) z2 + (A + B+C ) z + ( A +C )
A + B=0 B=A
1
1
1
B= C=
3
3
3
IC =
1
dz 1
z +1
+ 2
3
z+1 3 z z +1
IC =
1
dz 1
2 z1 1
+ 2
+
3
z+1 6 z z+1 2
I C =10 (
IC =
dz
1 2 3
z +
2
2
( )( )
1
1
1
2
1 2 z1
ln|z +1|+ ln |z z+ 1|+ tan
)
3
6
3
3
10 z z +1
10
2 z1
ln
tan 1
2
6
( z+ 1)
3
3
2 z
10
z z +1
10
2 z1
I3 =
+5 z2 ln
tan1
3
2
6
1+ z
( z +1)
3
3
6
5 ( x) x +1 10
1 2 x +1
I 3 = 6 3 +5( x) ln
tan
2
3
3
3
( x ) +1
( 6 x1 )
2( x)
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Finalmente, reemplazando en
I =I 1 + I 2+ I 3 +k
Ejemplo
Calcule: I
I=
20
3
5
3
5
6
4
3
x ( x + x ) +( x +1) .[ ( x + 1 )( x + 1 ) ] + x 22 x3 (1+ x3 )
3
x 3 . (1+ x 3) 4
x 2 (1+ x 3)3 dx
x3 (x 4 +1)2 dx
dx
6
3 3
- 2 x (1+ x ) dx
x1 (1+ x3 ) 3 dx
3 x
*Sea
x 2 (1+ x 3)3 dx
I1 :
Vemos que p = -3
I 1 =
Z, de ah M.C.M. es 3; y hacemos:
x=w 3
dx=3 w 2 dw
w6 (1+w 9)3 3 w2 dw
I 1 =
I 1 =
*Sea
1
9 3
8
(1+ w ) 9 w dw
=3
1
3 2
6 (1+ x )
I2 :
x3 ( x 4+ 1 ) 2 dx
1
9 2
(1+ w )
6
; m = 3, n = 4, p =
1
2
m+1 3+ 1 1
=
=
Z
n
4
2
m+1
1 1
+p =
+ =0 Z
n
2 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1+ x =x . z
z=
1+ x 4
;
x2
x4 +1=z 2
x4=z 21
1
=z 21
4
x
I2 =
1
4
=x
;
z 1
4 x5 dx=2 zdz
1
x3 x 2 z x 5 z dz
1
2 4
= 2 z x dz
dx=
x z
dz
2
1
z2
z 21 dz
2
dz
z 1
1
1
z1
z ln
=1
2
2
2
z +1
dz
1
I 2=
2
2
| |
1 1+ x
1
ln
2
2
4
x
4
I2 =
*Sea
I3 :
1+ x 4x 2
1+ x 4 + x 2
1
3 3
x ( 1+ x )
6
m+1 6+1 5
=
=
Z ;
n
3
3
dx
|
; m = -6, n = 3, p =
m+1
5 1
+ p = =2 Z
n
3 3
*Sea
I 4:
4
3 3
( 1+ x ) dx
m+1 1+1 0
=
= Z
n
3
3
1+ x3 =z 3
1
3
; m = -1, n = 3, p =
I2
4
3
(2do Caso)
z= 1+ x3
x 3=z 31
3 x2 dx=3 z 2 dz
dx=x2 z 2 dz
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
z
dz
z
1
( 31) z2 = z 31 z 2 dz
3 2
x z dz=
2 2
x z x z dz=
1 4
I 4=
z
1
z1
1
2
dz z dz = ( 2
)dz
3
z 1
z + z+1 z1
I 4 =
3
I 4=
1
z
1
z1
1
dz 1
dz +
+
2
3
3 z 1 z
z + z +1
I.
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejemplo:
I=
Calcula
316 e 2 t 2 t
z =e 2t
e
dt
2t
dz=2 e2 t dt
e +2
1 4
4
4
316 z z W +2 W =16 z+3
4
4
316 z
z +2 2W 3=z W 16 z
dz
z +2
32 W 4
316 z
z= 4
W =4
z +2
W +6
W 4=
2
3
3
2
( W 4 +16 ) (8 W 3 ) ( 32 W 4 ) 4 W 3
8 W 128 W 12W + 8W
dz=
dw=
dw
2
2
( W 4 +16 )
( W 4 +16 )
dz=
140 W 3
( W 4 +16 )
dw
I=
140
W
35
4W
dw=
W dw
2
2
4
2
2
( W +16 )
( W 4 +16 ) u
dv
u=W du=dW
dv=
I=
4W3
4
( W +16 )
v=
1
W 4 +16
35 W
35
dW
4
4
2 W +16 2
W + 16
Ia
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I a=
dW
4
W +16
2
( W 2 2W + 4 )( W + 2 2 W +4 )
AW + B
CW + D
+ 2
( W 2 2W +4 ) W +2 2W + 4
2
1=( AW + B ) ( W 2 +2 2 W + 4 ) + (CW + D ) ( W 22 2 W + 4 )
3
A +C=0 C=A 4 2 A=
1
1
1
A=
C=
4
16 2
16 2
2 2 A+ B2 2C + D=0 4 2 A+ B+ D=0
4 A+2 2 B+ 4 C2 2 D=0 D=B
1
1
1
4 B+ 4 D=1 8 B= B= D=
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
W+ B
W+
8
8
16 2
16 2
I a= 2
dW + 2
dW
( W 2 2W + 4 )
W +2 2W + 4
I a=
1
W 2 2 B
1
W +2 2
dW +
dW
2
2
16 2 ( W 2 2 W +4 )
16 2 W +2 2W + 4
I a=
1
2W 2 2 B
1
dW
1
2W + 2 2
1
dW + 2
+
dW + 2
2
2
16 W
16 W
32 2 ( W 2 2W + 4 )
2 2 W + 4 32 2 W +2 2 W +4
+
(W 2)2+ 22
I a=
I=
1
W 2+2 2W + 4
1
W 2
1
W + 2
ln 2
+
tan1
+
tan1
32 2 W 2 2 W +4 16 2
2 16 2
2
35
W
35
W +2 2 W + 4
35
W 2
ln 2
tan 1
4
2 ( W +16 ) 64 2 W 2 2 W + 4 32 2
2
35
W + 2
tan1
+C
32 2
2
Finalmente reemplazando:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
316 e2 t
W=
e 2 t +2
4
I=
316 e 2t
e2 t +2
35
35
ln
2
t
2 316 e
64 2
+ 16
e 2 t +2
[
4
35
tan1
32 2
2t
316 e2 t
4 316 e
+2 2
+4
e 2 t +2
e2 t + 2
2t
2t
316 e
4 316 e
2 2
+4
e 2t +2
e 2t + 2
316 e 2t
2
e2 t +2
35
tan 1
32 2
2
[
4
316 e2 t
+ 2
e2 t +2
+C
2
Ejemplo:
x 2 +2
I=
dx
3
x + x1
Calcula:
x +2
x 3 + x1
Ax+ B
2
x +2
Cx + D
+ X 2 +2 dx
x 2 +2
3
x + x1
x
x
( 2+ 2)2
( 2+2) A( Ax + B ) 2 x
Cx + D
x 2 +2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x 3+ x 1= A x 2+2 A2 A x 22 Bx + ( cx +1 ) ( x 2+2 )
x 3+ x 1= A x 2+2 A2 A x 22 Bx +c x3 +2 Cx+ D x 2+ 2 D
x 3+ x 1=C x 3 + (A+ D ) x 2 + (2 B+2 C ) x+ ( 2 A+2 D )
C=1
-A+D=0 D=A
-2B+2C=1 -2B+2=1 B= 2
1
1
x+
4
2
2
x +2
x 3 + x1
(x 2+ 2)2 dx=
2x
2
4( x +2)
I=
1
4
, D= -
1
4
1
4 dx
+
2
x +2
x
1
2
2 ln ( x +2
1
x
4 2 arctg ( 2 ) + k
I =
Qm ( x )
Pn ( x )
Pn( x )
Pn ( x )
A1
A2
Am
dx
=
=
+
++
m
1
2
Qm ( x )
Q m ( x ) ( xa ) ( xa ) ( xa )
( xa )m
Tiene raz real
A m =lim Q0 ( x ) ; Q0 ( x ) =( xa )
x a
mk
d [ Q0 ( x ) ]
1
A k=
mk
( mk ) !
dx
Pn ( x )
Qm ( x )
; k =1,2, 3 , ( m1 )
x=a
Ejemplo
calcula la siguiente integral indefinida:
I =
x2
dx
( x2 )4
Solucin:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2
A
A2
A3
A4
x
= 1 +
+
+
4
2
3
( x2 ) x 2 ( x2 ) ( x2 ) ( x2 )4
4
A 4 =lim ( x2 )
x 2
x2
=4
( x 2 )4
d [x ]
1
A 3=
43
( 43 ) !
dx
43
=2 x=4
x =2
d2 [ x 2 ]
1
( 42 ) !
d x2
=1
d3 [ x2 ]
1
A 1=
3
( 41 ) !
dx
=0
A 2=
I =
I=
x=2
x=2
0
1
4
4
dx+
dx +
dx +
dx
2
3
x2
( x2 )
( x2 )
( x 2 )4
1
2
4
+
+C
2
x2 ( x2 ) 3 ( x2 )3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejemplo
Calcula la siguiente integral indefinida:
x 24 x +5
I = 2 2
dx
x ( x 9 )
Solucin:
A A
A
A
x 24 x +5
x 24 x+ 5
=
= 1 + 22 + 3 + 4
2
2
2
x ( x 9 ) x ( x3 ) ( x+3 ) x x x3 x +3
A 4 = lim ( x+3 )
x 24 x +5
13
=
2
x ( x3 )( x +3 ) 27
A 3=lim ( x3 )
x 24 x +5
1
=
2
x ( x3 ) ( x+ 3 ) 27
x 3
x 3
2
x 4 x+5
5
2
(
)
A 2=lim x 2
=
x 0
A 1=
x ( x 3 ) ( x +3 )
1
d x 4 x+ 5
( 21 ) ! dx ( x 29 )
]|
x =0
( x 29 ) ( 2 x4 )( 2 x ) ( x 24 x+ 5 )
4
A 1=
=
2
2
9
( x 9 )
x =0
I =
4
5
1
13
9
9
27
27
dx+ 2 dx+
dx+
dx
x
x3
x +3
x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
|x|+
5
1
13
+ ln |x3| ln| x+3|+C
9 x 27
27
4
I = ln
9
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejemplo
Calcula la siguiente integral indefinida:
I =
2x
2
( x 4 )
dx
Solucin:
2x
2
( x 4 )
A1
A2
A3
A4
2x
=
+
+
+
2
2
1
2
1
( x2 ) ( x+ 2 ) ( x2 ) ( x2 ) ( x +2 ) ( x+2 )2
A 4 = lim ( x+2 )
x 2
A 3=
2x
1
=
2
2
4
( x2 ) ( x +2 )
1
d
2x
( 21 ) ! dx ( x2 )2
]|
x=2
( 2 )( x2 )2 ( 2 x ) ( 2 x4 )
A 3=
( x2 )4
A 2=lim ( x2 )
x 2
A 1=
]|
x=2
( 2 )( x +2 )2( 2 x )( 2 x+ 4 )
A 1=
( x +2 )4
=0
x=2
2x
1
=
2
2
( x2 ) ( x+ 2 ) 4
1
d
2x
( 21 ) ! dx ( x +2 )2
I =
x=2
24
256
24
1
1
256
4
4
+
+
dx
1
2
( x2 ) ( x2 ) ( x +2 )2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=
24
1
1
ln |x2|
+
+C
256
4 ( x2 ) 4 ( x+2 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Pn ( x )
P (x )
A 1 x + B1 A2 x+ B2
A k x +B k
= 2 2 2 n 2
=
+
+
+
Qm ( x ) ( x +a ) ( x +b ) ( x 2+ k 2 ) ( x 2+ a2 ) ( x 2+ b2 )
( x 2 +k 2)
Ejemplo
Calcula la siguiente integral indefinida:
I =
ax
dx
( x +b 2)
2
Solucin:
ax
a
2x
= 2 2
2
( x +b ) 2 ( x + b )
2
d [V x ]
d [ x 2+ b2 ]
=ln
V
y
=2 x
V
| x|
dx
x
sea : V x =x + b
d [V x ]=2
I=
a
2x
a d [V x] a
dx=
= ln|V x|
2
2
2 ( x +b )
2
Vx
2
a
2
2
I = ln |x + b |
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2 x 4 x3 +2
2
x 2 ( x 2 +1 )
dx
Solucin:
I =
( 2 x 4 +2 x 2 )( x 3 + x )( 2 x 2+ 2 ) + ( x+ 4 )
dx=
dx
2
2
x 2 ( x 2 +1 )
x 2 ( x 2+1 )
4
2 x x +2
I =
I =
2
1
2
x+ 4
dx
dx 2 2
dx + 2 2 2 dx
2
( x +1 )
x ( x +1 )
x ( x +1 )
x ( x + 1)
2 x 2 ( x2 +1 )
2
x ( x +1 )
x ( x 2 +1 )
2
x ( x +1 )
2 ( x 2 +1 )
2
x ( x +1 )
x+4
2
x ( x 2+1 )
dx
1
x
x
x 2+1
dx
1
x2
1
x 2+1
dx
I =2 Arctg ( x )
1
x
dx
dx
I =2 Arctgx dx+ 2 dx2 2 +2 2 + I 4
x
x +1
x
x +1
1
2
2
I =2 Arctgxln|x|+ ln|x +1|+ +2 Arctgx + I 3
2
x
I =4 arctgxln
| |
x
2
+ + I3
1+ x x
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I 3 =
x+ 4
x
2 4
( 1+ x )
dx
x=tan
dx=sec 2 d
1+ x 2=sec
I 3 =
tan + 4
tan+ 4
2
sec d= 2
d
2
4
tan sec
tan sec 2
I 3 =
sen
+4
cos
cos3
4 cos 4
d=
d+
sen sen 2 d
sen 2
1
cos 2 cos2
I 3 =
cos ( 1sen2 )
4 cos2 ( 1sen2 )
d+
d
sen
sen2
cos
cos2
cos sen d+4
cos 2 d
2
sen
sen
I 3 =
I 3 =
( 1sen )
(1+ cos 2 )
cos
1
d sen 2+ 4
d4
d
2
sen
2
2
sen
I 3 =( ln |sin |)
1
I 3 =ln |sin |+ cos 24 cot6 sin 2
4
I 3 =ln
x
1x 2
4
2x
+
6 arctan ( x )
2
2
1+ x 2
1+ x 4(1+ x ) x
| |
Remplazando en I
I =2 arctan ( x )I 1 I 2 + I 3
I =2 arctan ( x )ln
| |
x
1x 2
4
2x
+
6 arctan ( x )
2
2
1+ x 2
1+ x 4 (1+ x ) x
| |
x
2
+ +2 arctan ( x )+ ln
2
1+ x x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =4 arctgxln
| |
x
2
+ +ln
2
1+ x x
x
1x 2
4
2x
+
6 arctan ( x )
2
2
2
1+ x
1+ x 4( 1+ x ) x
| |
2 x 2+ 8 x1
I =2 arctan ( x )
+k
x 4 ( 1+ x 2 )
4.- Ejemplo:
4
Calcule:
x x
3
( x x)
dx
Solucion:
El m.c.m. de: 2,4 es 4
Haciendo cambio de variable x= z
Z=
4 x
3
dx =4 z dz
Reemplazando estos datos en la ecuacin original
4z
I=
4
z z 4 z 3 dz
z
3
( 21)
I=2
2
2 z dz
z 21
= 4 z 6
8
z dz
z
3
Io=z ( 21) 2 zdz
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
udv=uv-vdu
Io:
u=z du=dz
2
z 1
dv= ( 3 2 zdz
Io= -
z
2
2( z 1)
2
v= -
z
2( 21)2
1
dz
+ 2 ( z 21)2
I1
Ahora calculando I1
dz
I1 = ( z 21)2
=-
( z21 )z 2
2
( z 1)
dz
dz = - z 21
z dz
+ ( z 21)2 = -
1
2 ln
z1
z2 dz
z+1 + ( z 21)2
I2
Ahora calculando I2:
z
I2=z
( z 21 ) zdz
1
2( z2 1)
1
dz
z
1
z1
+ 2 =
+ ln
2
4
z+1
z 1
2( z 1)
I2=- 2( z21) 2
I=
| |
| |
z
1
z1
z
1
z 1
ln
ln
+k
2
2
+
z +1 2( z 1)
4
z+1
(z 1) 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x ,x ,
2
H ( x , x ) dx
mcm ( 1 , 2 , 3 , , q ) =w
x=z w dx=w z w1 dz
P( z )
Q(z) dz .. integracionracional
II.
1
1
(( )(
px +q
M x , ax+ b
px+ q
,
ax +b
2
2
px +q
,
ax+ b
) (
3
3
px +q
, ,
ax +b
n
n
) ) dx
mcm ( 1 , 2 , 3 , , n ) es l
px +q l
=t
ax+b
p ( ax +b )( px+ q ) q
dx=lt l1 dt
2
( ax +b )
M (t)
dx
ax 2 bx c
1
1
1
z x dx dz
x
z
z
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejemplo:
dx
x 1 x n x 2n
1
1
1
z x dx 2 dz
x
z
z
z2
zdz
1
1
1 n 2n
z
z
z n1dz
z 2n z n 1
z n1dz
( z n 1 / 2) 2 (
3 2
)
2
1
ln z n 1 / 2 z 2 n z n 1 k
n
1
1 1
I ln n
n x
2
1
1
n 1 k
2n
x
x
Ejemplo:
Calcula
x3 x2
3
( x 2)( x ( x 2) )
2
dx
x 2(x 3 x 2 )
dx
x 2 z3 , x z3 2
dx 3 z 2 dz
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3 z 2 dz
3z
3 zdz
3
3
z ( z z 2) ( z z 2) ( z 1)( z 2 z 2)
z 3 z 2 z 3 1 z 1 ( z 1)( z 2 z 1) z 1
z 3 z 2 ( z 1)( z 2 z 2)
3z
A
Bz C
( z 1)( z 2 z 2) z 1 z 2 z 2
3z2=Az2-Az+2A+Bz2+Cz+Bz+C
A=-3/4
I
B=3/4
C=3/2
3 dz
3
z2
2
dz
4 z 1 4 z z 2
Ejemplo:
I
1 2 senh 2 ( x / 2)
senhxdx
2 2 cosh 2 ( x / 2)
2 cosh x
senhxdx
3 cosh x
z=coshx
t2
dz=senhxdx
2 z
dz
3 z
t2
2z
2 z
t
3 z
3 z
z2
5
t 2 1
z3
z3
z3
5
10t
dz 2
dt
t 1
(t 1) 2
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
EJEMPLO
Calcule:
(2+ x) 6 x
dx
a)
2+ 3 x
b)
3x 2
xdx
2
x +1
SOLUCION
a)
1
(2+ x) x
3
2+ x
dx=
(2+ x 2 ) x 6
2+ x
1
3
dx
1
6 2
(2+ ( z ) )z
1
6 3
6 z 5 dz
2+ ( z )
(2+ z 3 ) z 5
6 z dz
2+ z 2
(2+ z 3) 6
2 z2 6
z dz=6 z
z dz
2
2+ z
2+ z 2
6 z7 dz6
2 z2 6
z dz
2+ z2
3
( z 2) + 2323
3 8
z 6 ( 2 z2 )
dz
4
z 2+ 2
3 8
8
4
2
z 6 ( 2 z2 ) z 2 z + 4 2
dz
4
z +2
3 8
16 z
16
z 6 2 z 54 z 3 +8 z 2 2 z 44 z 28+ 2 dz
4
z +2
z +2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3 8
12
96
z 2 z 6 +6 z 4 24 z 2+ 48 ln |z 2+ 2|+ z5 +8 z 3 arctg ( z ) +C
4
5
2
36 8
6
4
2
2
12 5
3
96
x 2 6 x + 6 6 x 24 6 x + 48 ln |6 x +2|+ 6 x + 8 6 x arctg ( 6 x ) +C
4
5
2
I=
33 4
2
12 5
x 2 x+6 3 x 24 3 x +48 ln|3 x +2|+ 6 x +8 x48 2 arctg ( 6 x ) +C
4
5
b)
z 2=
z=
3x 2
3x 2
xdx= 2
2
x +1
x +1
( )
1
2
xdx ; mcmde 2 es 2
3x 2
3x 2
;
z=
2
2
x +1
x +1
x 23
x2 +1
z 2= 1
4
x +1
2
z 2+1=
4
x +1
x 2+1=
4
z +1
x 2=1+
2 xdx =
xdx=
I =
4
z +1
2
8 z
( z 2 +1 )
4 zdz
( z 2+1 )
2 1
2
( )
3x
2
x +1
xdx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I = ( z 2 ) 2
I =2
4 zdz
((
z 2 +1 )
2 z 2 dz
( z 2+1 )
=2 I a
u=z du=dz
2
dv=( z 2 +1 ) 2 zdz v=
I a=z
1
2
z +1
( )
1
1
2 dz
2
z +1
z +1
I a=
z
1
+ 2 dz
2
z +1
z +1
I a=
z
+ arctan( z )
z 2 +1
I =2 I a=
2z
2 arctan ( z)
z 2+1
3x 2
x2 +1
3x2
I=
2
arctan
(
)
3x 2
x 2 +1
+1
x2 +1
2
3x 2
2( x +1) 2
2
x +1
3x
I=
2 arctan ( 2 )
4
x +1
2
I=
x 2 +1. 3x 2
3x 2
2 arctan( 2 )
2
x +1
Ejemplo
Calcule:
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
( )
x +2
x +1
3
x+ 2
x +1
x +2
x +1
dx
Solucin:
El m.c.m. de 2, 3, 6 es 6
Haciendo cambio de variable para transformar el integrando en una funcin racional.
x +2 6
6 x +2
=z z=
x +1
x +1
1+
1
1
1
=z 6
=z 61 x+ 1= 6
x +1
x +1
z 1
dx=
6 z
5
2
( z 61 )
dz
z3 z 5 (6)z 5
z 2 ( z 61 )
dz= z 6 ( z6 1 ) 6 z 5 dz
udv=uv vdu
u=z 6 du=6 z 5 dz
2
dv=( z 6 1 ) 6 z 5 dz v=
I =
z 6
6 z5
+
dz
z 61
z 61
1
z 61
I=
I=
z
ln |z 61|+k
6
z 1
x+ 2
x +2
ln
1 +k
x +1
x+ 2
( x +1 )
1
x+ 1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejemplo
Calcule:
dx
2
x ( x 2 x+ 1 )
Solucin
2
dx
Ax + Bx+C
Dx+ E
=
+
dx
x ( x1
4
3
x ( x1 )
)
( x1 )
Derivando ambos miembros:
B3CD+ 3 E=0
5
A
2
5
11
A3 C+3 A=0 C= A
2
6
E=1 ; D=0
A=1 ; B=
C=
5
2
11
6
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
5
11
x 2 + x
2
6
dx
=
2
3
2
x ( x 1 )
( x1 )
x ( x 2 x +1 )
dx
I=
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
1
1
dx
3
x1 x
6 ( x1 )
I=
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
ln |x1|+ ln |x|+k
6 ( x1 )3
I=
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
x
+ ln
+k
3
x1
6 ( x1 )
| |
Ejemplo
Calcule
x3 + x1
( x 2 +2 )
dx
Solucin
Utilizando Hermite
x + x1
2
( x +2 )
dx=
Ax +B
Cx+ D
+ 2
dx
2
x +2
x +2
x + x1
2
( x 2+ 2 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2 B+2C=1 2 B+ 2=1 B=
2 A+ 2 D=1 4 A=1 A=
1
2
1
1
; D=
4
4
1
1
1
x+
x
x + x1
4
2
4
dx= 2
+ 2
dx
2
2
x +2
x +2
( x + 2)
3
I=
2x
1
1
x
+ ln|x 2 +2|
Arctg
+k
2
2
4 2
4( x +2)
2
( )
Ejemplo
Calcule:
x x
( x x )
dx
Solucin:
El m.c.m. de 2, 4 es 4
Haciendo cambio de variable
x=z 4
z= x
dx=4 z 3 dz
Remplazando estos datos en la integral original:
I =
z z4 z
( z 4z )
z6 ( z 21 )
I =2
dz=4
2 3
2 z2
2
( z 1 )
dz
dz ; I =2 z ( z 21 ) 2 zdz
udv=uv vdu
u=z du=dz
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
dv=( z 21 ) 2 zdz v=
I =2
((
z
2
2 z 1 )
1
2
2
2(z 1)
1
dz
2
2 (z 1)2
I1
Calculando
( z 21 ) z 2
dz
I 1 = 2
=
dz
2
2
2
(z 1)
(z 1)
I 1 =
| |
dz
z
1
z1
z
+ 2
dz=
ln
+ 2
dz
2
2
2
2
z +1
z 1
( z 1 )
( z 1 )
Ahora Calculando
I2
I 2 = z ( z 21 ) z dz
u=z du=dz
2
dv=( z 1 ) zdz v =
I2 =
| |
z
1
dz
z
1
z1
+ 2
I 2= 2
+ ln
+k
2
z +1
2 ( z 1 ) 2 z 1
2 ( z 1 ) 4
Remplazando
I=
1
2( z 21)
I1 y
I 2 en
I :
| |
| |
1
z1
z
1
z1
ln
+ ln
+k
2
( z 1 ) 2 z +1 2 ( z 1 ) 4 z+1
z
Ejemplo
Halla:
I =
Solucin:
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
w=cosh x dw=sinh x . dx
I = [ w 2+ w22 w3 ] . dw
Por el tercer caso de la sustitucin de Euler:
( )
z +1
; w=2 1z 2 +1
w3
z=
w+1
dw=
8z
.dz
(1z 2 )2
Reemplazando:
3
I=
w
32 z
+
. dz +k 1
2 3
3
(1z )
I A =
z2
. dz
2 3
(1z )
I A =
(sin t)
(sin t)
. cos t . dt
. dt
2 3
(1(sin t) )
(cos t)5
sec t . dt sect . dt
I A =
sec t 5 . dt
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I B= (sec t) . dt
Integrando por partes:
I B=
Finalmente:
(cosh x)3
I=
+8
3
cosh x +1
cosh x 3
.
( cosh x +1 ) . ( cosh x3 )4 ln
4
4
cosh x +1
cosh x3
+
+
4
4
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2) Hallar el integral
z=tan w dz =(sec w) . dw
I =
2 dz
(tan w1)2
sin w +cos w
cos wsin w
Donde
sin w+cos w
2
=1+
cos wsin w
1tan w
2 dz
2
(z1)
I =
2
1+
z1
Cambio de variable
t=1+
I =
2
2 dz
dt=
2
z1
( z1)
dt
=ln|t|+ k
t
z +1
| z1
|+k
I =ln
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3) Hallar el integral
1+sin t 4
I =
. cos t .dt
sin t 3
Cambio de variable
x=sin t dx=cos t . dt
I A =
1+ x 4
. dx
x3
1
4 2
.(1+ x ) . dx
m=3 ; n=4 ; p=
1
2
m+1
+ p) Z
n
Es el tercer caso.
1+ x 4=x 4 . z 2 z =
1+ x 4 2 4
; z =x +1
x2
x 4=
1
z . x3 . dz
;
dx=
z 21
2(z 21)
I A=
1 x4 . z2 . dz
(z 21)2
2
I A=
1 z . dz
z2 1
2
I A=
1
1
dz
dz 2
2
2 z 1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
t
sin
1+
1
I=
2
PROB3.4
x3 / 2 x+ 8 x +16
16 x+ 4 x dx
I = x
3
2
x+ 4
4 x ( x +4 )
dx
1
1 /2
I= 4 x( 4+ x )
dx
I binomio diferencial
m=1, n= 2 , p= 2
1+1
=4 Z
1
2
m+1
=
n
4+ x
1/ 2
=z z = x +4
1/ 2
x =z 4
1 1 /2
x dx=2 zdz dx=4 z x 1 /2 dz
2
z
z
3
( 24) dz= ( 612 z 4 +48 z 264 )dz
I=
1
1
x z 4 z x 1 /2 dz=
4
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
12
I= 7 z 5 z +16 z 64 z +k
7
5
3
1
12
I = ( x+ 4) ( x + 4) + 16( x+ 4) +64 x+ 4 +k
7
5
EJEMPLO4
dx
sin xcos x
x
Z= tan 2
2 dz
Dx= 1+ z 2
sin x=
2z
1+ z 2
1z 2
1+ z2
cos
x=
2 dz
2
( 1+ z 2) ( 2 z 2 1z2 )
1+ z 1+ z
2 dz
2 dz
=
2dz
2
2
(z +1)2( 2)
z2 +2 z1 = ( z+ 1) 2
I=
1
z +1+ 2
ln
+k
z +1 2
2
x
tan +1 2
1
2
ln
+k
I=
x
2
tan +1+ 2
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
5) Hallar la integral.
I = cosh x
110
4
66 3
Cambio de variable
u5 (1+ 4 u3 ) 3
.du
Donde
m=5 ; n=3 ; p=
4
3
1+ 4 u3=z 3 z= 1+ 4 u3
u5 . du=
z4
3
z5 z2
. dz
16 16
z5 z2
z
z2
.dz =
. dz
16 16
16 16
1
16 1+4 cosh x 66
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
P=( 5 y 2 . x 4 + 2. x y 3+1 )
Q=( 2 x 5 y +3 x 2 y 2 +1 )
P
=10 x 4 . y+ 6 y 2 . x
y
Q
=10 x 4 . y +6 y 2 . x
x
f ( x , y ) = ( 5 y 2 . x 4 +2. x y 3 +1 ) . dx
f ( x , y ) = y 2 x 5 + x 2 . y 3+ x+ g ( y)
f (x, y)
=2 y . x5 +3 y 2 x2 + g' ( y ) ( I )
y
f (x, y)
5
2 2
=( 2 x y +3 x y +1 ) ( II )
y
Igualando (I) y (II):
g' ( y )=1
g ( y )= y
S . G. es : y 2 x 5 + x 2 . y 3+ x+ y =k
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
7
2
y=2 x 8 x+ 8 , x 2
4
Se hace rotar alrededor del eje x. Halle el rea de la superficie de revolucin que se
origina.
Solucin:
y=2(x2)2
En la curva:
ds
dy
dx
dy 2
. dx
dx
( )
dy
=4 ( x2 ) ;
dx
( x2 )
4.
Reemplazando
2
A ( S) =
4 7
4
4 ( x 2 )=tan z 4 dx=sec z . dz
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1+(4 (x2))2=sec z
7
x= z=
; x=2 z=0
4
4
Reemplazando.
sec z
( 5sec z 3) . dz
0
I A = sec z dz
Utilizamos integracin por partes:
3
dv=sec z . dz v =tan z
Reemplazando
3
I A=
Finalmente:
A ( S )=
16
4
8
8
4
A ( S) =
]|
3 2 ln ( 21 ) . 2
+
u
108
108
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
De el grafico:
Si
3 5
r=o 9. cos ( 2 )=0 = ;
;
;
4 4 8
dr 2
. d
d
Dnde:
dr 3.sin(2)
=
d cos (2)
Reemplazando:
A (S )
9 sin (2)2
=6 cos(2) .sin . 9.cos ( 2 )+
. d
2
cos (2 )
0
A ( S ) =18 ( 2 2 ) u2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
1)
dx
x + x+ 2 4 x
3
12a 11 da
12 3 12 4 12
a + a +2 a
12
a 11 da
a6 + a4 +2 a3
12
a 8 da
3
a + a+2
12 a5 a32a 2+ a+4 +
3 a26 a8
da
3
a + a+2
3 a26 a8
12 a da12 a da24 a da+12 a da+12 4 da+ 12
da
a 3+ a+2
5
3 a 6 a8
da
3
a + a+2
3 a 2+1
6 a9
I a= 3
da+ 3
da
a +a+2
a +a+2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I a=ln |a 3+ a+2|3
2 a+3
da
3
a + a+2
I a=ln |a 3+ a+2|3 I b
I b=
2 a+3
2 a+3
da=
da
3
a +a+2
( a+1 ) ( a 2a+2 )
I b=2
I b=2
1
1
da+
da
( a a+2 )
( a+1 ) ( a2 a+2 )
2
1
da+ I c
1 2 3
a +
2
4
( )
2
I b=
arctg
3
2
I b=
1
2
+Ic
3
2
( )
a
4 3
2 a1
arctg
+Ic
3
3
I c =
1
da
( a+ 1 ) ( a2a+ 2 )
1
A
Bx +C
=
+ 2
2
( a+1 ) ( a a+2 ) a+1 a a+2
A ( a2a+2 ) + ( Bx+C ) ( a2a+ 2 )
1
=
( a+1 ) ( a2a+2 )
( a+1 ) ( a 2a+2 )
( A +B ) a 2+ ( A+C + B ) a+2 A +C
1
=
( a+1 ) ( a2a+2 )
( a+1 ) ( a2a+2 )
A + B=0 ; A+C + B=0 ; 2 A +C=1
1
1
1
A= ; B=
; C=
4
4
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I c =
1
A
Bx +C
da=
+ 2
da
2
a+1
( a+ 1 ) ( a a+ 2 )
a a+2
1
1
1
x+
4
4
2
I c =
+
da
a+ 1 a2a+ 2
I c=
1
da 1
a2
2
da
4 a+1 4 a a+2
1
1
a1
1
da
I c = ln |a+1| 2
da+ 2
4
4 a a+2
4 a a+ 2
1
1
2 a1
1
I c = ln |a+1| 2
da+
4
8 a a+ 2
8
da
1 2 3
a +
2
4
( )
1
1
1 1
I c = ln |a+1| ln |a 2a+2|+ .
arctg
4
8
8 3
2
1
2
3
2
( )
a
1
1
2
3 arctg 2 a1
I c = ln |a+1| ln |a a+2|+
4
8
12
3
I b=
4 3
2 a1
arctg
+Ic
3
3
I b=
4 3
2 a1 1
1
2
3 arctg 2 a1
arctg
+ ln|a+1| ln |a a+2|+
3
4
8
12
3
3
I a=ln |a 3+ a+2|3 I b
I a=ln |a 3+ a+2|4 3 arctg
I a=ln
|
6
( a + a+2 ) ( a a+2 )
( a+ 1 )
4
3
8
3
4
2a1 3
3
3
2 a1
ln|a+1|+ ln |a2a+2| arctg
4
8
4
3
3
17 3
2a1
arctg
4
3
I =2 a 3 a 8 a +24 a + 48+12 I a
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
( a +a+2 ) ( a a+ 2 )
( a+1 )
3
4
3
8
51 3 arctg
+K
( 2a1
3 )
2)
dx
cos xsin x +1
x
z=tan 2 arctan=x
2
dx=
2 dz
2z
1z 2
;
sin
x
=
;
cos
x=
2
2
2
z +1
z +1
z +1
Reemplazando
2 dz
2
z +1
1z2 2 z
+1
z 2 +1 z 2+1
2dz
2
z +1
1z2 2
2
z+z +1
2
z +1
2 dz
dz
22 z = z1 =ln|z1|+C
3)
dx
4 4
1+ x
4
1+ x =a 4 x dx=4 a da dx=
a3 da
x3
x= a4 1
dx
4 4
1+ x
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
a da
3
x
4 a 4
3
a da
4 4 3
a 1 a
= 4
a da
= a 2 ( a 41 )
3
3
4
a 41
da
2+1 3
=0 Z
4
4
a 41=b4 a 4
4
1a =b a=
1
1b 4
4 1+ x 4 =a b4 =1 41+ x 4
b= 1( 1+ x 4 )
4 a5 da=4 b3 db da=a5 b3 db
3
a 2 ( b 4 a4 ) 4 a 5 b 3 db
1
1
2
1b ) ( 1+b2 )
db
1
1
1
+
db
2
2 1b 1+b2
1
db
1
db
+
2 1b2 2 1+ b2
| |
1 b1 1
ln
+ arctan ( b ) + K
2
b +1 2
4
b= 1( 1+ x )
1
I=
ln
2
1( 1+ x )
1( 1+ x )
4
4 1
4 1
4
1
1
+ arctan ( 1( 1+ x 4 ) )+ K
+1 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
4)
dx
x3 1+
1
x
dx
35
1
1+
x
1
1 5
= x ( 1+ x )
3
dx
3+1
=2 Z
1
1+ x1 =a5
4
x dx=5 a da dx=
1
5 5
5 a4 da
x 2
5 a4 da
= 5 x1 a3 da= ( a51 ) a3 da= a3a8 da
2
x
I = x ( a )
a 3a8 da=
a4 a 9
+K
4 9
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejemplo
CALCULE
dx
; x ,1
x x 2x2
4
1
1
1
z= x = dx= 2 dz
x
z
z
I =
I 0 =
z2
1
z4
dz
z 2 . dz
z 3 . dz
=
=
1 1
2 z 2z+ 1
1z2 z 2
2
z2 z
z2
z3 . dz
dz
2
2
=( A z +Bz +C ) 2 z z +1+ D
2
2 z z +1
2 z 2z +1
Derivando:
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
(4 z1 ) ( A z 2+ Bz+C )
z3 . dz
D
2
=
(
2
Az
+
B
)
2
z
z
+1+
+
2
2
2 2 z z +1
2 z z +1
2 z 2z +1
2 z 3=12 A z3 + (5 A8 B ) z 2+ ( 4 A3 B4 C ) z+ ( 2 BC +2 D )
1
5
47
29
B= C=
D=
6
48
192
128
A=
47
29
dz
( 16 z+ 485 z 192
) 2 z z+1 128
2 z z +1
2
I0 =
I A =
dz
dz
1
=
=
2
2
2
2 z z+ 1
9
1
2 z +
8
4
( )
2 . dz
1
2 z+
4
2 2
) ( ( ))
1
4 z +1
Arcsen
3
2
47
( 16 z+ 485 z 192
) 2 z z+1 12829 2 Arcsen( 4 z+3 1 )
2
I0 =
Como : I =I 0 , tenemos :
I=
29
4 z +1
1
5
47
Arcsen
+ z z +
3
6
48
192
128 2
)(
) 2 z z +1
2
Problema:
Calcule utilizando el segundo caso de sustitucin de Euler
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x 4+ x3 + x 2
x2
x 2 + x+2 4 x 2 +4 x + 4
I =
Solucin:
I =
x 2+ x+22 x 2 + x+1
dx
x 3 x 2 + x+ 1
( x +x+11 ) dx
I =
2
x 3 x 2+ x+1
x 2+ x+11
I = 3 2
dx
x x + x +1
3
I = x dx
sabemos que:
I2 =
dx
x + x +1 ( x3 )
2
x3 dx=
x
2
y decimos que
dx
=I 2
x + x+1 ( x 3 )
2
dx
x + x+1 ( x 3 )
2
c=1>0
x2 + x +1=xZ 1
x2 + x +1=xZ1
2
2 2
x + x +1=x z 2 xz +1
2
x+ 1=x z 2 z
2
2 z +1= x ( z 1 ) y x =
2 z+ 1
z 21
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
dx=
dx=
z 1
z 1
( z 21 ) ( 2 )( 2 z+1 )( 2 z )
( z2 1)2
2 z 22 z2
dz=
dz
(z 21)2
2( z2 + z +1)
( z 21)2
I 2=(2)
( z2 + z +1 ) ( z 21 ) (z 21)3
dz
2
( z 21 ) ( z 2+ z +1 ) (2 z +1)3
( z2 1)2
I 2=(2)
dz
(2 z +1)3
(2 z +1)3=8 z 3 +12 z 2 +6 z+ 1
sabemos que
1 2
19
z +z+
z 3
2
16
8 16 + (2 z +1)3 dz
I 2=2
2
I 2=2
( 16z 163 z)
z + 2 z +
I0 =
19
8
(2 z+ 1)
z +2 z +
19
8
(2 z+1)3
z + 2 z +
llamamos
dz
I0 =
19
8
(2 z+ 1)3
A
B
C
+
+
2
2 z+1 (2 z+1) (2 z +1)3
de donde tenemos :
z 2 +2 z+
19
= A(2 z +1)2 + B ( 2 z +1 ) +C
8
obtenemos:
A=
1
3
9
, B= , C=
4
2
8
reemplazando en
I2
z2 3
I 2=2
z
16 16
z 2+2 z +
(2 z+1)
19
8
1
3
9
z2 3
4
2
8
dz=2
z (
+
+
) dz
2
16 16
2 z +1 ( 2 z+ 1 ) ( 2 z +1 )3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
3
9
4
2
8
+
+
2
2 z +1
( 2 z +1 )
( 2 z+1 )3
dz
z2 3
I 2 =2
z
16 16
2
dz
2
(2 z+ 1)
1
2
3
2
9
dz+
dz +
2
8
2 z +1
4 (2 z+ 1)
16
2
z
3
I 2=2
z
16 16
I 2=2
z
3
1
3 1
9
1
z (
ln ( 2 z +1 ) +
+
)
16 16
8
4 2 z+ 1 16 2 ( 2 z +1 )2
x + x +1=xZ1
2
pero como
) (
x 2+ x +1+1
Z=
x
entonces
I 2 =2
x2 +x+1+1
(
)
x
16
3 x 2 +x+1 +1
1
x 2 +x+1 +1
3 1
9
(
) -(- ln 2(
)+1 + +
2
16 x
8
x
4
16
x +x+1 +1
2(
)+1
x
) (
Reemplazando I2 en I
I = x dx I 2
3
I=-
x 2 +x+1 +1
(
)
1
x
-[2
2
16
2x
3 x2 +x+1+1
1
x 2 +x+1 +1
3 1
(
) -(- ln 2(
)+1 + +
16 x
8
x
4
x 2 +x+1 +1
2(
)+1
x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=-
x 2 +x+1 +1
(
)
1
x
-[2
2
16
2x
3 x2 +x+1+1
1
x 2 +x+1 +1
3 1
9
(
) + ln 2(
)+1 +
+
2
16 x
8
x
4
16
x +x+1+1
2(
)+1
x
Problema:
Calcule por el tercer caso de Euler considerando el factor (x-1) la siguiente integral
indefinida:
I =
2 x 2 x 24 x+3
Solucin:
x x +3+2 x 4 x +3 x +2 2 ( x 4 x +3 x ) + 2 2 x x dx
2
I =
2x
5
2
( x 4 x+ 3+ x + 2 x)
I =
2
2x
5
2
x2 4 x +3
x 24 x +3
1
1
dx
2
dx
I = x 2 dx + 2 2
+ 2 2
2
2 x x 4 x+3 2
x x 4 x+ 3
3
1 2 1
dx
I=
x + ( 2+1 ) 2 2
2
2
x x 4 x +3
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I A =
llamaremos
sabemos que
dx
x x 4 x +3
2
x 24 x +3=( x1 ) ( x3 )
( x 1 )( x3 )=( x1 ) z z =
x3
x1
( x1 ) ( x 3 )=(x1)2 z 2
2
z 3
x= 2
z 1
z
x24 x +3= 2
2
z 1
dx=
4z
dz
2
( z 1)
2
Reemplazando en IA:
2
I A =
I A =
4 z ( z2 1 ) ( z 21 )
2
( z21 ) ( z 23 ) ( 2 z )
dz
2 z 2+2
dz
( z2 3)2
(z+1)
2 z 2+ 2 Az+ B
(z2 3)2 = Z 23 + ( z 23) dz ..
Derivando
2
2
2 z +2 ( z 3 ) A( AZ + B ) 2 Z Cz+ D
=
+ 2
(z 22)2
( z2 3)2
z 3
2
3
2
2 z 2+2 A z 2 Bz3 A + ( z + 1 ) z 3 Cz3 D
=
(z 23)2
( z 23)2
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
A+ D=2 D= A2
2 B3 C=0 B=0
3 A3 D=2
A=
2
3
I A=
2z
4
dz
2
2
3(z 3) 3 Z 3
I A=
2z
2
z 3
ln
z + 3
3(z 3) 3 3
| |
| |
x3
x1
2
I A=
ln
x3
3 3
3(
3)
x1
2
x3
3
x 1
x3
+ 3
x1
x3
1 1
x1
2
I = 3 + ( 2+1 ) [
ln
2
x 3
33
2
3
3
3x
x1
2
x3 3 x1
]+k
x3+ 3 x 1
.- Ejemplo:
Calcule
x
2
x ( 22 x+1)
dx
Solucin:
dx
x ( x1)4
A x 2 +Bx +c
(x1)3
Dx+ E
+ x ( x1) dx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
4
x ( x1)
1
x ( x1)4
( x1 )3 ( 2 Ax +B )( A x 2+ Bx+ c ) 3( x1)2
(x1)6
Dx+ E
x (x1)
x 33 x2 +3 x1
( Dx+ E )
1=2A
3
-B-3C-D+3E=0
5A
2
5A
2 -3C+3A=0
11 A
11 A
=3C
C=
2
6
E = - 1; D = 0
A= - 1
C= -
B=
5
2
11
6
dx
x ( x 22 x+ 1)2
I=
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
6 ( x1 )3
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
I=
6( x1)3
I=
6 x 2+ 15 x 11
6 ( x1 )3
5
11
x 2+ x
2
6
3
( x1)
1
dx
- x ( x1 )
- ( x1 x dx
- lnx-1 +lnx + k
+ ln ( x1 ) + k
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3.- Ejemplo:
Calcule
x 2+ 2
I= x + x1 dx
2
3
Solucion:
Utilizando Hermite
2
x +2
x 3 + x1
Ax+ B
x2 +2
Cx + D
X 2 +2
x 2 +2
x 3 + x1
x
x
( 2+ 2)2
( 2+2) A( Ax + B ) 2 x
Cx + D
x 2 +2
x 3+ x 1= A x 2+2 A2 A x 22 Bx + ( cx +1 ) ( x 2+2 )
x 3+ x 1= A x 2+2 A2 A x 22 Bx +c x3 +2 Cx+ D x 2+ 2 D
x 3+ x 1=C x 3 + (A+ D ) x 2 + (2 B+2 C ) x+ ( 2 A+2 D )
C=1
-A+D=0 D=A
-2B+2C=1 -2B+2=1 B= 2
x 3 + x1
(x 2+ 2)2 dx=
1
1
x+
4
2
2
x +2
1
4
, D= -
1
4
1
4 dx
+
2
x +2
x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=
2x
2
4( x +2)
1
2
2 ln ( x +2
Tipo de integral
irracional
M 1 (V , a 2V 2) dv
1
x
arctg
(
4 2
2 ) + k
Sustitucin trigonomtrica
recomendada
v =a sin t
dv=a cos t dt
a V = a a
2
Triangulo
rectngulo para
retornar a la
variable inicial
v
sen t=
a
a
sin t=acos t
a2v 2
M 2 (V , V 2 +a2 )dv
v =a tan t
tan t =
2
dv=a sec t dt
V 2 +a 2= a2 tan2 t +a2=asect
v
a
v 2 +a2
a
M 3 (V , V 2 a2) dv
v =a sec t
dv=asect . tgtdt
a2 V 2= a2 sec2 t a 2=atant
sec t =
v
a
v 2a2
a
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
EJERCICIO
Calcula
[ ( 3 x +2 )5 9 x 212 x ] dx
Solucin
Completamos caudrados :9 x 212 x=22( 3 x+2 )2
[ ( 3 x +2 )5 22( 3 x +2 )2 ] dx
Hacemos la sust .trigonometrica :3 x+2=2 sen t
27
sen 5 t .cos 2 tdt
27
2 2
2
I = (1cos t) . cos t . sentdt
3
I=
27
(12cos 2 t +cos 4 t ). cos2 t . sentdt
3
I=
27
cos2 t . sent 2cos 4 t . sen t +cos6 t . sen t dt
3
I=
2 7 cos3 t
cos5 t cos7 t
+2
+k
3
3
5
7
2
2
2
2
(9 x 212 x ) 2
2 7 (9 x 12 x ) (9 x 12 x )
I=
+
+k
3
24
160
7 (128)
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=
3
2
5
2
16 (
8
9 x 212 x ) + (9 x 212 x )
3
15
(9 x2 12 x ) 2
7 ( 128 )
+k
SUSTITUCION HIPERBOLICA
Tipo de integral
racional
Sustitucin hiperblica
sugerida
N 1 (U , a2 U 2 )du
u=a tanh t
Identidades
hiperblicas
tanh t=
du=a sech t dt
a u = a a
2
tanh t=asech t
u=a senh t
N 2 (U , U 2 +a 2)du
sech t=
senh t=
2
du=a cosh t dt
u +a = a
2
senh t +a =acosh t
v =a cosh t
N 3 (U , U 2a 2) du
cosh t=
u a = a cosh
2
ta =asenh t
a2 u2
a
u
a
sech t=
dv=asenhtdt
2
u
a
a2 +u2
a
u
a
senh t=
u2a2
a
EJERCICIOS
Calcule utilizando sustitucin hiperblica la integral
81
2
45 2 x
( 7 2.7 x 2 )
8
2x
( 7 2.7 2 )
7 dx
Solucin
I =
81.7 x
( 7 2 x 2.7 x 2 )
81.7
dx
4
45
7x
dx
2
8
( 72 x 2.7x 2 )
45
7
I =
dx
dx
2 4
x
2
x
8 ( (7 1)2 32 )2
((7 1) 3 )
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =
I =
81.7
((7 x 1)2 32 )
81 .7 x
dx
4
45
7
dx
8 ( (7 x 1)2 32 )2
dx
8
( (7 x 1)2 32 )
45
7x
dx
8 ( (7 x 1)2 32 )4
7 dx= 3
senh w
dw
ln 7
3 cosh2 3= 3 senh w
7 x 1
cosh w=
3
senh w=
72 x 2.7 x 2
3
Enla integral: I =
81 3
senh wdw 45 3
senh wdw
+
8
4
8
ln 7
3 senh w 8 ln 7 3 senh4 w
3
5 3
I = csch 7 wdw+ csch 3 wdw
ln 7
8 ln 7
Dividimos en dos integrales
7
I A = csch wdw
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
1
5
I A = csch w . ctghw csch 5 wdw
6
6
5
I B= csch wdw
3
I B=
1
3
ctgh w . csc 3 w csch 3 wdw
4
4
Reemplazando en
IA
5
1
5
5
I A = csch w . ctghw+ ctgh w+ csch 3 wdw
6
24
8
Reemplazando en I
I =
5
3 csch w . ctghw 5 3 csch3 w+ 5 3 csch3 wdw 5 3 csch3 wdw +k
6 ln7
24 ln7
I=
8 ln 7
8 ln 7
9
7 1
15
7 1
+
+k
3
2
x
x
2
x
2 ln7 ( 7 2.7 2 ) 8 ln 7 ( 7 2.7 x 2 )2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Ejercicios
(csch x0,5 tgh x /2)
1
dx
[ ( x5 ) ( x7 ) ( x+ 6 ) ( x + 4 ) 504 ]
x
x
( 2x6)
( 2x56)
( x8 ) ( x+ 7 ) ( x 3 )( x +2 )
I =
1
dx
( x8 )( x +7 ) ( x3 ) ( x+2 )
1
A
B
C
D
=
+
+
+
( x8 ) ( x +7 )( x3 ) ( x+ 2 ) ( x +2 ) ( x3 ) ( x 8 ) ( x +7 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
A=
1
1
1
X =2 =
=
250
( x8 )( x +7 ) ( x3 )
(5 )(10 ) ( 5 )
B=
1
1
1
X =3=
=
( x8 ) ( x+7 )( x +2 )
(5 ) ( 10 ) (5 ) 250
C=
1
1
1
X=8 =
=
( x +7 ) ( x3 ) ( x+ 2 )
( 5 ) ( 10 ) (5 ) 750
D=
1
1
1
X=7 =
=
( x8 ) ( x3 ) ( x+ 2 )
(5 )(10 )(15 ) 750
I =
I =
I=
1/250
1 /250
1/750
1/750
dx +
dx +
dx+
dx
x+2
x3
x 8
x +7
1
1
1
1
ln| x+2|
ln|x3|+
ln |x8|
ln|x +7|
250
250
750
750
( x3 ) ( x +7 )
1
ln
+k
750
( x+2 )3 ( x8 )
Ejemplo
I=
1
8 cos 4 x . sen 4 x
dx
2 sen4 4 x ( 1+ sen2 4 x )2
Solucin
w=sen2 4 x
dw=2 sen 4 x . 4. cos 4 xdx
I=
1
1
dw
2
2 w . ( w +1 )2
1
A B
C
D
= + 2+
+
2
2
w + ( w+ 1 ) w w w+1 ( w+ 1 )
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
w=1 1=D
w=1 1=4 A+ 4+2 C+ 1; C+ 2 A=2
1
2 1
2
1
=
+ 2+
+
2
w w w+1 ( w+1 )2
w + ( w+ 1 )
2
I =2
dw
dw
+ w2 dw+ 2
+ ( w+ 1 )2 dw
w
w+1
1
1
I =2 ln|w| + 2 ln|w+1|
+k
w
w+1
I =2 ln
2 w+1
+k
|w+1
|
w
w ( w +1 )
I =2 ln
1+ sen2 4 x
2 sen 2 4 x+1
+k
sen 2 4 x
sen2 4 x ( 1+ sen 2 4 x )
Ejemplo
Calcule por el criterio de Hermite
9 x3 24 x 2+ 48 x
( x2 )4 ( x+ 1 ) dx
Solucin
2
3
2
A 0 + A1 x+ A 2 x
A 3+ A 4 x
9 x 24 x + 48 x
dx=
+
dx
4
3
( x2 ) ( x +1 )
( x2 ) ( x+ 1 )
( x2 )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
0+ A 1 x+ A
2
( 2 x 2)3 ( X 2 )
6
( x2 )
3
( X 2 ) ( A 1+ 2 A 2 x )
9 x3 24 x 2+ 48 x
=
4
( x2 ) ( x+ 1 )
A3 + A 4 x
+ ( x2 )( x +1 )
Resolviendo
9 x 324 x 2+ 48 x=( A1 +2 A2 x ) ( x 2x2 )( A 0 + A 1 x + A2 x 2) ( 3 x +3 ) +
A
36 x +12 x 8
x
( 3+ A 4 x )
(3 A 04 A 14 A2 +12 A 38 A3 ) x + (2 A1 3 A 08 A3 )
Calculando los valores delos coeficientes:
A 4 =0
A 2+ A 36 A 4=9
5 A2 2 A 16 A 3=24
3 A 04 A 14 A 2 +12 A 3=48
2 A13 A 08 A3=0
A 0=20 ; A1=18 ; A2 =6 ; A 3=1 ; A 4 =0
Entonces la integral ser
I=
20+18 x6 x 2
dx
+3
3
( x2 ) ( x +1 )
( x2 )
I=
20+18 x6 x 2
x2
+3 ln
+k
3
x +1
( x2 )
| |
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
A. INTEGRALES DE LA FORMA
H (x; x
1
1
2
2
3
3
; x ; x ; ; x
m
m
)dx
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ; m
es l.
x=w l dx=l wl 1 dw
Reemplazando se obtiene una integral de una funcin racional
en w.
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
P( w)
Q(w) dw
B. INTEGRALES DE LA
FORMA
1
1
2
2
( ( ) ( ) (
px+ q
G x ; ax +b
px+ q
;
ax +b
px+ q
;
ax +b
3
3
px +q
;;
ax+b
m
m
) ) dx
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ; m
es r.
px +q r
r px+ q
=t t =
ax+b
ax +b
apx+ pbapxaq
dx=r t r1 dt
2
( ax+ b )
Reemplazando datos:
M (t)
N (t ) dt
C. Binomio diferencial
Integrales que pueden expresarse como:
x m (a+ b x n)p dx
m= ; n= ; p=
Primer caso:
Si p Z .
m= ; n=
r
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
MCM de
r y
es q.
x=z q z=q x
dx=q z q 1 dz
Reemplazando
M ( z)
N (z ) dz
Segundo caso:
m+1
Z
n
( )
m= ; n= ; p=
z 1
dz
nb x n1
P( z )
Q(z) dz
Tercer caso:
[( ) ]
m+1
+p Z .
n
m= ; n= ; p=
a+b x n=x n z z =
a+ b x n
n
x
a
+b=z
n
x
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
a
=z b
n
x
a
z b
x n=
n x n1 dx=
dx=
a z
( z b )
dz
dz
a z 1
n x n1 ( z b )
EJERCICIOS
1.
1 3 t
3
t 2 t 7
dt
SOLUCIN:
1
3
1t
1+ t
1
3
1
3
.t
2
3
dt
1
t =z dz= t
3
2
3
dt
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3 dz=t
3
2
3
dt
1z
dz
1+ z
MCM es 3.
1z
=w3
1+ z
2
1=w3
1+ z
z+ 1=
dz=
2
w +1
3
6 w
( w 3+ 1 )
I =6
dw
w .3 w2
( w3 +1 )
dw
u=w du=dw
dv=
I=
3 w2
3
( w +1 )
dw v=
1
w 3 +1
6w
dw
6 3
3
w +1
w +1
I B=
dw
3
w +1
1
A
Bw +C
=
+ 2
w +1 w+1 w w+1
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
A+ B+C=0 C=2 A
A +C=1 A=
C=
2
3
B=
1
3
I B=
1
3
1
dw 1
w +2
2
dw
3 w+ 1 3 w w +1
1
1
2 w1
1
I B= ln|w+1| 2
dw+
3
6 w w+1
2
dw
1 2 3
+
2
2
)( )
1
1
I B= ln|w+1| ln|w2w+1|
3
6
+1
1 2 w1
tan
3
3
( w+ 1 )2
1
1
2 w1
I B= ln 2
+ tan1
6
w w+1 3
3
I=
( w+1 )
6w
6
2 w1
ln 2
tan 1
3
w +1
w w+ 1 3
3
Si :w=
1t
1+t
1
3
1
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
6
I=
1t
1+t
1t
1+ t
1
3
1
3
+1
| |
2
( )
1t
1+ t
ln
1
3
1
3
1t
1+ t
1
3
1
3
1
3
( )
6
tan 1
3
( )
+1
1
3
6
tan 1
3
1t
1+ t
1
3
1
3
1t 3
1+t
3
1
3
+1
RPTA:
6
I=
1t
1
3
1
3
| |
( )
1+t
1t
1+ t
1+t
ln
2
1
3
1t 3
1+ t
1
3
1
3
1
3
+1
1t 3
1+ t
1
3
1
3
1t
1+t
3
1
3
+1
SUSTITUCIN DE EULER
En las integrales racionales de la forma:
W ( x ; a x2 +bx +c ) dx
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
PRIMER CASO:
a>0 a x2 +bx +c = a x + z
a x2 +bx +c= a x + z
z= a x 2+ bx+ c+ a x
P( z )
Q(z) dz
SEGUNDO CASO:
c >0 a x 2 +bx+ c=zx c
a x 2 +bx +c c
x
M ( z)
N (z ) dz
TERCER CASO:
( x)( x + )=( x) z
z=
x+
x
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
M ( z)
N (z ) dz
EJERCICIOS
Problema:
Calcule utilizando el segundo caso de sustitucin de Euler
x 4+ x3 + x 2
x2
x 2 + x+2 4 x 2 +4 x + 4
I =
Solucin:
I =
x 2+ x+22 x 2 + x+1
dx
x 3 x 2 + x+ 1
( x + x+11 )
I =
dx
2
x 3 x 2+ x+1
x 2+ x+11
I = 3 2
dx
x x + x +1
I = x dx
3
sabemos que:
I2 =
dx
x + x +1 ( x3 )
2
x
x dx=
2
3
y decimos que
dx
=I 2
x + x+1 ( x 3 )
2
dx
x + x+1 ( x 3 )
2
c=1>0
x2 + x +1=xZ 1
x2 + x +1=xZ1
x 2+ x +1=x 2 z2 2 xz +1
x+ 1=x z 22 z
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA
GODOY
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
2 z +1= x ( z 21 ) y x =
x2 + x +1= 2 z2
2 z+ 1
2
z 1
+ z z 1
z + z+1
2
x 2+ x +1= 2
z 1 z 1
z 1
dx=
dx=
( z 21 ) ( 2 )( 2 z+1 )( 2 z )
( z2 1)2
dz=
2 z 22 z2
dz
( z 21)2
2(z2 + z +1)
( z 21)2
I 2=(2)
( z2 + z +1 ) ( z 21 ) ( z 21)3
dz
2
( z 21 ) ( z 2+ z +1 ) (2 z +1)3
I 2=(2)
( z2 1)2
dz
(2 z +1)3
(2 z +1)3=8 z 3 +12 z 2 +6 z+ 1
sabemos que
1 2
19
z +z+
z 3
2
16
8 16 + (2 z +1)3 dz
I 2=2
2
I 2=2
( 16z 163 z)
z 2+ 2 z +
I0 =
19
8
(2 z+ 1)
z +2 z +
19
8
(2 z+1)3
z + 2 z +
dz
llamamos
I0 =
19
8
(2 z+ 1)3
A
B
C
+
+
2
2 z+1 (2 z+1) (2 z +1)3
de donde tenemos :
2
z +2 z+
19
2
= A(2 z +1) + B ( 2 z +1 ) +C
8
obtenemos:
A=
1
3
9
, B= , C=
4
2
8
reemplazando en
I2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I 2=2
( 16z 163 z)
z 2+2 z +
19
8
(2 z+1)
1
3
9
z
3
4
2
8
dz=2
z (
+
+
) dz
16 16
2 z +1 ( 2 z+ 1 )2 ( 2 z +1 )3
1
3
9
4
2
8
+
+
2 z +1 ( 2 z +1 )2 ( 2 z+1 )3
dz
I 2 =2
z2 3
z
16 16
2
dz
2
(2 z+ 1)
1
2
3
2
9
dz+
dz +
2
8
2 z +1
4 (2 z+ 1)
16
2
z
3
I 2=2
z
16 16
I 2=2
z2 3
1
3 1
9
1
z (
ln ( 2 z +1 ) +
+
)
16 16
8
4 2 z+ 1 16 2 ( 2 z +1 )2
pero como
) (
x + x +1=xZ1
2
x 2+ x +1+1
Z=
x
entonces
I 2 =2
x2 +x+1+1
(
)
x
16
3 x 2 +x+1 +1
1
x 2 +x+1 +1
3 1
9
(
) -(- ln 2(
)+1 + +
2
16 x
8
x
4
16
x +x+1 +1
2(
)+1
x
Reemplazando I2 en I
I = x dx I 2
3
) (
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I=-
I=-
x 2 +x+1 +1
(
)
x 2 +x+1 +1
(
)
1
x
-[2
2
16
2x
1
x
-[2
2
16
2x
3 x2 +x+1+1
1
x 2 +x+1 +1
3 1
(
) -(- ln 2(
)+1 + +
16 x
8
x
4
x 2 +x+1 +1
2(
)+1
x
3 x2 +x+1+1
1
x 2 +x+1 +1
3 1
9
(
) + ln 2(
)+1 +
+
2
16 x
8
x
4
16
x +x+1+1
2(
)+1
x
( x + x2 +2 x3)
( x1)(1 x 2+2 x3)
dx
x> 1 x1>0
2
x +2 x3=( x +3)(x1)
x2 +2 x3= ( x 1 ) z z=
x+3
x1
( x+ 3 )( x1 ) =( x1 )2 z 2 x +3=x z2 z2
z 2+3=x ( z 21)
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
x=
z2 +3
4
x1= 2
2
z 1
z 1
dx=
8 z
2
( z 21 )
I =8
I =2
dz
z +3 4 z
+
z 21 z 21
z
. 2
dz
2
4
4z
(
z
1
)
1 2
z 21
z 1
( )(
( z+ 3) z
dz
( z1)( z 24 z1)
z +3 z
A
Bz+C
=
+ 2
2
( z1 ) ( z 4 z1 ) z1 z 4 z1
z 2+3 z= A ( z 24 z1 ) +( B z +C)(z1)
z 2+3 z=( A+ B ) z 2+ (4 AB+C ) z+ ( AC )
A + B=1
4 AB+ C=3
AC=0
A=1 ; B=2 ; C=1
I ' =
dZ
2 z +1
+ 2
dz
Z1
z 4 z1
2 z4
5 dz
dz+
2
z 4 z1
( z2 )2( 5 )
2
5
z2 5
I ' =ln|z 1|+ln |z 24 z1|+ ln
2
z2+ 5
z2 5
+k
z 2+ 5
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I =ln
I =ln
( z1 )2 ( z2+ 5 ) 5
2
( z 24 z 1 ) ( z2 5 ) 5
x+3
1
x 1
) (
x +3
x +3
4
1
x1
x1
+k
x+3
2+ 5
x1
2
) (
x +3
2 5
x1
+k
2 dz
2
1+ z
x
x
2 sin cos
x
x
2
2
sin x=2 sin cos =
2
2
2
x
x
sin
+ cos
2
2
( ) (
sin x=
2z
1+ z 2
2
x
x
sin
2
2
2
2
x
x
cos x= cos
sin
=
2
2
2
x
x
sin
+ cos
2
2
( ) ( )
) ( )
( )( )
cos
1z 2
cos x=
1+ z 2
2 z 1z 2 2 dz
;
1+ z 2 1+ z 2 1+ z 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
P( z )
Q(z) dz
Que se calcula por lo criterios conocidos.
b) Integral racional de seno y coseno elevado a potencias pares.
T ( ( sin x )2 p ; ( cos x )2 p ) dx ; p , q N
Haciendo la transformacin:
t=tan x
x=tan1 t
dx=
dt
1+t 2
sin x=
x=
t
2
t2
2p
t2 p
(
)
(
)
sin
x
=
sin
x
=
p
1+t 2
1+t 2
( 1+ t 2 )
1
1
1
( cos x )2 q=
2
q
2
1+t 1+t
( 1+t 2 )
cos
((
t2 p
2 p
1+ t )
dt
2
( 1+t ) 1+t
2 q
M (t )
N ( t ) dt
EJERCICIOS
Calcula:
dx
( sin x )2cos x+ 1
SOLUCION:
dx
( cos x )2 cos x+ 2
dx
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
z=tan
dx=
x
2
2 dz
2
1+ z
sin x=
2z
1z2
cos
x
=
2
2
1+ z
1+ z
2 dz
2
2
( 1+ z 2) 1 1z2 1z2 +2
1+ z
)(
1+ z
(1+ z )dz
2 ( 2)
z 3+ z
dz
3+ z 2 +
dz
dz
z ( 3+ z 2 )
2
1 1
1
dz
2
2
z 3+ z
3+ z 2 + 3
I =
dz 1 1
1
1
+ 2 dz
dz
2
3 3+ z 2
3+ z 3 z
I=
1 1
2
1
dz +
dz
2
3 z
3 3+ z 2
I=
1
2
z
1
+
tan
+k
3 z 3 3
3
( )
2 3
I=
+ tan 1
x
9
3 tan
2
1
x
2
+k
3
( )
tan
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
EJERCICIOS
Hallar la frmula de reduccin para:
I q=
dx
( sinh x ) p ( cosh x )q
dx
( sinh x )2 ( cosh x )3
SOLUCION:
I q=
I q=
I q=
dx
( sinh x ) p ( cosh x )q
q2
p2
( sinh x ) ( cosh x )
( sinh x ) ( cosh x )q
p
I q=I A I B
I B=
dx
( sinh x ) ( cosh x )q
p2
1 p
( cosh x )1q
dv=( cosh x ) sinh x dx v =
1q
q
I B=
(1 p)
1
dx
p1
q1
p
(1q)
( q1 ) ( sinh x ) ( cosh x )
( sinh x ) ( cosh x )q 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
I q=
I q=
(1 p)
dx
1
dx
+
+
q2
p1
q 1
p
(1q) ( sinh x ) ( cosh x )q 2
( sinh x ) ( cosh x )
( q1 ) ( sinh x ) ( cosh x )
p
1
p+ q2
+
p1
q1
q1
( q1 )( sinh x ) ( cosh x )
q 2
dx
( sinh x )2 ( cosh x )3
I3 =
1
3
+
2
2
2 sinh x ( cosh x )
I3 =
1
3
+
I'
2
2
2 sinh x ( cosh x )
()
I ' =
dx
( sinh x )2 cosh x
I ' =
( sech x )3
dx
( tanh x )2
I =
'
I ' =
'
I =
I' =
( 1( tanh x )2 ) sech x
( tanh x )2
dx
sech x
dx sech x dx
( tanh x )2
cosh x
dx sech x dx
( sinh x )2
1
tan 1 ( sinh x )
sinh x
I3 =
1
3
+
2
2
2 sinh x ( cosh x )
I3 =
1
3
1
3
1
.
tan ( sinh x )
2
2 sinh x ( cosh x ) 2 sinh x 2
1
tan
( )( sinh
x
( sinh x )
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Problema 4
I q=
dx
(x + 9)3
2
x 2+ b
( 2)x 2
( x 2 +b2 )
I q=
dx
2 q
(x +b )
2
dx
=
2 q
( x2 +b )
dx
1
b2 dx
1
= 2
2
2
2 q
b
( x +b ) b
2
I q=
*Sea
1
dx
1
x
2 2 2 q dx
2
2
2 q1
b
b
(x +b )
( x +b )
IA:
x2
2 q
( x 2+ b )
dx= x ( x 2 +b2 ) . x dx
u=x
q
dv=( x 2 +b 2) . x
2
du=dx
2 q +1
1 ( x +b )
v=
2 q+ 1
I A=
I q=
I q=
x
2
2 q 1
2 ( q1 ) ( x +b )
1
dx
2
2 ( q1 ) ( x + b2 )q1
1
dx
x
1
dx
+
2
2
q1
2
2 q1
2
2 q1
2
b
2 b ( q1 ) ( x +b 2)
(x +b )
2 ( q1 ) ( x +b )
x
2
2 q1
2 ( q1 ) ( x + b )
Por lo tanto:
1
1
dx
(1
) 2 2 q 1
2
2 ( q1 )
b
( x +b )
I q=
I q=
x
2 q1
2 ( q1 ) ( x + b )
x
2
2 q1
2 ( q1 ) ( x + b )
2 q3
2 ( q1 ) . b2
( 2 ( 2q1q3) . b ) . I
2
dx
2
( x +b 2)
q1
q 1
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Para el Problema
I 3 , q=3, b=3 ; I 3=
x
2
36 ( x + 9 )
q=2, b=3 ; I 2=
Por lo Tanto:
I3 =
1
dx
x
1
=
+ I2
2
2
2
2
12 ( x + 9 ) 36 ( x +9 ) 12
x
1
dx
x
1
x
+ 2
=
+ Arc Tg
2
2
3
18 ( x +9 ) 18 ( x + 9 ) 18 ( x +9 ) 54
()
x
2
36 ( x +9 )
x
1
x
+
Arc Tg
+k
2
3
12.18 ( x +9 ) 12.54
()
PROBLEMA 1
La curva descrita por
B (1,3)
A ( 4,0)
hasta
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
dx 2
dy
dy
A=2 [ ( y2 )2 +2] 1+
0
( )
2 [ ( y2 )2 +2] 1+
dx 2
dy=2 [( y 2 )2+ 2] 1+ 4 ( y2 )2 dy
dy
0
( )
2 [ y 2 +2] 1+ 4 y 2 dy
2
1
y= . Tanw , tenemos:
2
Sustituyendo
arctan (2 )
A=2
arctan(4)
tan 2 w
1
+2 Secw . Sec 2 wdw
4
2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
arctan ( 2)
arctan ( 4 )
arctan ( 2 )
arctan ( 4)
Sec2 w 7
+ Sec3 wdw
4
4
arctan ( 2 )
Sec 5 w
7
dw +
Sec3 wdw ]
4
4
arctan ( 4)
arctan ( 2)
arctan ( 2)
1
7
[
Sec5 wdw +
Sec3 wdw ]
4 arctan (4 )
4 arctan (4 )
Resolviendo la integral:
arctan ( 2)
Sec 3 wTanw 31
+ Sec3 wdw ]
16
16
arctan ( 4)
3
Sec wTanw 31
+
16
32
A=
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
10 5 31
+ ( 2 5+ ln ( 2+ 5 ) )
16
32
A= [
))
68 17+10 5 31
2+ 5
+
4 17+ 2 5+ ln
]u 2
16
32
174
PROBLEMA 2
Se tiene la regin limitada por las grficas de:
x 2xy + y 2=1, 3|x|=1 , se pide
a) Grafique la regin
Para las rectas verticales
x=+ 3
y 2xy + ( x 21 ) =0 x 24 ( x 21 ) 0
2
2
y
3
3
2
2
x
3
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
b) Halle el rea de la regin G (sta regin, es la que estn ms lejos del eje y)
Nos
x 2xy + y 2=1 x= 1
3 y2 y
+
4 2
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Cuando
x=
1
2
1
y = y=
3
3
3
1
dy
3
A= x
1
3
A=
1
3
3 y2 y 1
+
dy
4
2 3
y2
4
y
3 y2
dy +(
)
4
3
2
3
1
3
A=
3
3
Haciendo m= 2 y dm 2 =dy
Cuando
y=(
1
2
) m=1 , y=( ) m=1
3
3
2 2
2
1 2 1
) ( )
(
) ( )
2.1
3
3
3
3
2
1
A=
(m 1m +arcsen ( m ))|
+
0.5
4
4
3 .2
3
3
A=
)(
1
3 3 2 3 1
+ 0.5
+ =
4 6 4
9
2
3 2
( 4 93 1)u
2 A=
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
3
x+ 2 2()dy
2+
dv=
1
3
Siendo : x= 1
3 y2 y
+
4 2
1 2
3
3 y2 y + 4 2
1
+
()dy
4
2
2+
V =
1
3
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
V = 1
1
3
3 y2
3 y2 y2
1 4
+ ( y+ 4 ) 1
+ + 4 y +84
dy
4
4
2
3 3
V =I a + I b+ I c
2
I a=
1
3
( 143 433 ) dy
I b=
1
3
y2
3 y2
+ 4 y + y 1
dy
4
4
I c =4 4 1
1
3
3 y2
dy
4
Ahora
2
14 4 3
3
I a=(
) y|
1
3
3
3
I a=
14 3
4
3
2
y
4
3y
3
+ 2 y 2 (1
) |
1
12
9
4
3
I b =
3
2 3
2
3
I b= +2
12
3 CLCULO INTEGRAL
Luego Haciendo
y=(
Cuando
3
3
m= y dm =dy
2
2
1
2
) m=1 , y=( ) m=1
3
3
I c=
4.2.1
(m 1m2 +arcsen ( m ))| 1
0.5
3 .2
I c=
4
3
+0.5
+
4 6
3 2
( 5712 3 + 8 9 3 1) u
V =
Solucin:
r 1=0 entonces
r 2=0 entonces
0=2 sen(2 )
0=3 sen(2 )
2 =0, , 2 , 3 , 4 ,
2 =0, , 2 , 3 , 4 ,
=0,
3
, ,
,2 ,
2
2
=0,
3
, ,
,2 ,
2
2
+
sen (2 ) =
2 =[ 0 , ] [ 2 , 3 ]
[ ]
= 0 ,
3
[ ,
]
2
2
(no existe );
(no existe);
( r , ) ((1 )n r , +n )
Para
n=0
( r , ) (r , )
r =2 sen ( 2 )=r =2 sen ( 2 )
( r , ) (r , +)
r=2 sen ( 2 +2 )=r=2 sen (2 )
es igual ar =2 sen ( 2 ) entonces ( si cumple para n=1 )
Ojo
Basta k cumple para uno y ya existe simetra.
Entonces tabulando:
r1
1.7
1.9
1.9
r2
2.5
2.8
2.8
A
(rea)
Hallando el
de la
area
interseccion :
2
2
A 1
1
= ( r 12r 22 ) d= ((3 sen(2 )) (2 sen ( 2 ) ) ) d
2 20
2 0
A=5 u 2
3.
Que se hace rotar alrededor de la recta L: x+y+1 = 0 , calcula el volumen del slido de
revolucin que se origina.
Solucin:
Graficando las grficas pedidas:
50+5 x
El centro de m asa del rectngulodiferencial ( ~
x , y )=( x ,
)
2
Sabemos que : mT = AT
Ahora dm=dA , vemos que dA=( 505 x ) dx
dm= ( 505 x ) dx
100
100
10 3 /2 |100
x
3
0
mT =
50 x
mT =(50.100
mT =(
A T=
5000
)
3
5000 2
u
3
10
( 100 ) 2 )
3
( 50+52 x ) dm
d M x=
d M x =
( 50+52 x )(505 x) dx
100
M x =
0
( 50+25 x )(505 x) dx
25 2 |100
x
2
0
M x=
2
2500 x
25
2
M x = (2500 (100) .100 )
2
2
M x =62500
M y = x(505 x )dx
0
25 x2 2 x 5 /2 |100
0
M y =
5
2
v=
1 2k
A
ln
2 m
AX
Ahora
dx
dx
=v =dt
dt
v
0
dx
1 2k
A
ln
2 m
A X
=t
du=
dx
A
u . lnuu |
2m
t= A
Ax
Ax Ax | 0
. ln (
)
A
A
A
A
2m
t=A
u=
Ax
A
x =
dMy
dm
t= A
2m
k
y :
5
1
y=k 1 ( 3 x+ 2 )1+ k 2 (3 x+2)2 x + (I )
4
8
5
y ' =3 k 1 ( 3 x +2 )2+ 6 k 2 ( 3 x +2 ) (II)
4
''
( II ) x ( 3 x +2 )
5
'
1
2
y (3 x +2)=3 k 1 ( 3 x +2 ) +6 k 2 ( 3 x+2 ) (3 x+ 2)
4
2
y ( 3 x+ 2 )+ 3 y=9 k 2 (3 x +2)
15
3
x+
4
8
15
17
x
2
8
15
2
15
2
1
5(3 x+ 2)
y ' ' y '( 3 x +2)
k 2=
+
+
54
9
36
Reemplazando:
y'' '
5
15
17
+ y ( 3 x +2 )+ (3 x+ 2) x
6
4
2
8
Finalmente:
La ecuacin diferencial de y es:
( 3 x +2 ) .
y' ' 5
15
17
= ( 3 x +2 ) x 3 y
6
4
2
8