Chemical fungicides have undeniably contributed to the enhancement of agricultural yields. Howeve... more Chemical fungicides have undeniably contributed to the enhancement of agricultural yields. However, their excessive and improper application has given rise to long-term resistance issues and raised concerns about environmental impact and human health risks, particularly for farmers who use them in concentrated forms. To address these challenges, significant efforts have been made to explore and develop alternative approaches, such as biofungicides, that are more ecologically friendly. These biofungicides involve the use of novel compounds extracted from plants that can restrict or suppress crop pests. 4 Notably, these biofungicides exhibit lower toxicity than chemical fungicides. Research has demonstrated that various compounds in plants and essential oils exhibit a wide range of activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, nematicidal, herbicidal, and antiviral properties. 5-12 Plants naturally produce secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols, which are crucial to survival. These metabolites serve as a defence mechanism, enabling plants to protect themselves from herbivores, pathogens (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and other plants. Additionally, these metabolites offer safeguards against adverse environmental conditions, such as harmful UV radiation, water loss, and low temperatures. 13 This breakthrough has facilitated a reduction in the excessive application of chemical fungicides in agriculture, leading to a mitigated adverse impact on the environment and human health. 14 Morocco boasts an incredibly diverse plant fauna, making it a hub for the medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) industry, which stands among the most abundant globally.
Chemical fungicides have undeniably contributed to the enhancement of agricultural yields. Howeve... more Chemical fungicides have undeniably contributed to the enhancement of agricultural yields. However, their excessive and improper application has given rise to long-term resistance issues and raised concerns about environmental impact and human health risks, particularly for farmers who use them in concentrated forms. To address these challenges, significant efforts have been made to explore and develop alternative approaches, such as biofungicides, that are more ecologically friendly. These biofungicides involve the use of novel compounds extracted from plants that can restrict or suppress crop pests. 4 Notably, these biofungicides exhibit lower toxicity than chemical fungicides. Research has demonstrated that various compounds in plants and essential oils exhibit a wide range of activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, nematicidal, herbicidal, and antiviral properties. 5-12 Plants naturally produce secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols, which are crucial to survival. These metabolites serve as a defence mechanism, enabling plants to protect themselves from herbivores, pathogens (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and other plants. Additionally, these metabolites offer safeguards against adverse environmental conditions, such as harmful UV radiation, water loss, and low temperatures. 13 This breakthrough has facilitated a reduction in the excessive application of chemical fungicides in agriculture, leading to a mitigated adverse impact on the environment and human health. 14 Morocco boasts an incredibly diverse plant fauna, making it a hub for the medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) industry, which stands among the most abundant globally.
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