User:Equendil/Paris timeline

Paris has had a rich history spanning millenia. Largely spared the ravages of war in the last thousand years, it left many landmarks, symbolic of its status as a seat of power, or simply retracing the life of the city through the ages.

As a Gallo-Roman town, Paris is known as Lutetia, following its capture in 52BC by the Roman Republic. Little remains of that period, save from the thermae (Thermes de Cluny) and an amphitheatre (Arènes de Lutèce). The city was renamed to Paris in AD 360.

Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Paris was taken by the Franks in 464. Clovis I made the city his capital in 506. The Merovingian kings died out in 751, to be replaced by the Carolingians. Charlemagne moved the capital of his empire from Paris to Aachen. Paris was then neglected by the empire, repeatedly raided by Vikings and sacked in the 9th century. in 885, Paris was again under siege, but the Vikings were successfully repelled by Odo, Count of Paris, who became king of Western Francia. His grandnephew Hugh Capet acceding to the throne in 987, founded the Capetian dynasty and made Paris his capital.

Of the early medieval city, largely made of timber, virtually nothing remains. Churches were established during that period, but present-day religious edifices date from a later period. A merovingian palace existed on the Île de la Cité, later becoming the seat of power of the Kings of France beginning with the Capetian line.

Under the Capetians, Paris developed an increasing degree of importance as a royal capital, a centre of learning and an ecclesiastical centre. Under the rule of Philippe Auguste, who took the throne in 1180, a number of major building works were carried out in Paris. He built a new city wall and began the construction of the Palais du Louvre, as well as paving streets and establishing a covered market at Les Halles (where it would remain until 1969).

His grandson Louis IX established the city as a major centre of pilgrimage in the 13th century with the construction of the Sainte-Chapelle on the Île de la Cité, and the completion of the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris and the Saint Denis Basilica.

The Direct Capetian line died out in 1328, leaving no male heir. Edward III of England claimed the French throne by virtue of his descent (via his mother) from Philip IV of France. This was rejected by the French barons, who supported the rival claim of Philippe of Valois (Philip VI of France). The Hundred Years' War thus began, followed swiftly by the arrival of the Black Death. Paris' history in the 14th century was punctuated by outbreaks of plague, political violence and popular uprisings.

The Palais de la Cité of which the towers of the Conciergerie remain, had been the royal residence of the Capetians, but was abandonned under the Valois for the Louvre fortress. Under Charles V, a new city wall was built, as well as the Bastille fortress, extension of the Château de Vincennes was carried out, and the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye was rebuilt.

Francis I is considered the first Renaissance monarch of France. He had the Louvre rebuilt, and financed the construction of the Hôtel de Ville.

The Bourbons succeeded the Valois in 1594. Henry IV undertook a number of major public works in the city, including extensions to the Louvre and construction of the Pont Neuf, Place des Vosges, Place Dauphine, and Hôpital Saint-Louis. Grandiose constructions were undertaken during the reigns of Louis XIII and Louis XIV. The Tuileries palace was established by Catherine de Médicis, the Palais du Luxembourg by Marie de' Medici, Cardinal de Richelieu built the Palais Royal and rebuilt the Sorbonne. The Chateau de Versailles began as a hunting lodge under Louis XIII, later extended under Louis XIV who made it his seat of power. The Palais Bourbon, Ecole militaire, Panthéon, Invalides, or the Observatoire de Paris are other examples of Paris' transformation under Louis XIV, also marking the revival of classical architecture, and the Englightenment era.

Shortly before the revolution, the Wall of the Farmers-General was erected around Paris, to insure the payment of a toll on goods entering Paris to the Ferme générale. New cemetaries were opened outside the limits of the city, such as that of the Père Lachaise, as old cemetaries within Paris were closed and human remains moved to the catacombs. Paris underwent further transformation during the revolution and Napoleonic era. The Bastille prison was stormed and razed. New canals such as the Canal Saint-Martin were built to supply fresh water to Paris. Napoléon ordered monuments to the glory of the Empire, modelled on Roman monuments, such as the Arc de Triomphe, or the Eglise de la Madeleine. The Palais Brongniart was built to house the Bourse of Paris established by Napoléon. The Tour du Temple and Grand Châtelet were demolished.

In the 1830's, Paris was circled by fortifications, the Enceinte de Thiers.

The second part of the 19th century brought even more changes to Paris. Napoléon III who became Emperor in 1952, decided to modernise Paris, which was carried out by Baron Haussmann. As part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris, large avenues and boulevards were opened through Paris or widened, neighbouring towns were annexed, extending the city to the Enceinte de Thiers and its modern limits. Public parks were laid out to bring green spaces to Parisians: Parc des Buttes Chaumont, Parc Monceau, Parc Montsouris, Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes. Prestigious edifices were built, such as the Opéra Garnier, Église Saint-Augustin de Paris or Église de la Sainte-Trinité. Work continued after the fall of the Second Empire.

The second part of the 19th century in Europe was also marked by Universal Expositions, where nations exhibited their technology, art or colonial power. Five such expos occured in Paris between 1855 and 1900 and another one in 1937. Many temporary edifices and international pavilions were built for the exhibitions, some of which remain standing. The Palais de l'Industrie was built for the Exposition of 1855, demolished to make way for the Grand Palais for the Exposition of 1900, together with the Petit Palais and Pont Alexandre III. The Palais du Trocadéro was built for 1878, later replaced by the Palais de Chaillot for another Exposition in 1937. The Eiffel Tower was the entrance arch for the Exposition of 1889, saved from demolition to become an icon of Paris. Railway stations and the first line of the Métropolitain were hurried to coincide with Expositions.

As the Belle Époque died with the first world war and Paris was hit by the Great Depression in the interwar period then occupied by German forces in World War II, major developments all but ceased until France had recovered from the war. Efforts were made to modernise the banlieues of Paris. Urban slums in proximity of Paris were dismantled and social housing constructed, creating a number of cités outside Paris, where immigrants and lower classes were massed. Inside Paris, high rise buildings were constructed in the 13th arrondissement, south of the city. A business district known as La Défense began emerging just outside Paris in the 70's,

Landmarks

Picture	Name	Date	Description	Location
	Seine	12,000 BC	• Paris was built around the Seine river, which remains to this day, a prominent and central feature of the city, with its 37 bridges and two central islands  • The Banks of the Seine in Paris are listed as an UNESCO's World Heritage Site  • The Seine is a tourist attraction with bateaux mouches offering visitors a view of the city from the river and numerous barges converted into restaurants or nightclubs  • Converted barges are also used for housing
	Arènes de Lutèce	1st century AD	The Arènes de Lutèce are remains of an amphitheater from the Gallo-Roman era of Paris, then known as Lutetia (Lutèce in French).	5th arrondissement Quartier Latin 48°50′42″N 2°21′10″E
	Thermes de Cluny	3rd century	The Thermes de Cluny are ruins of an ancient thermae from the Gallo-Roman era of Paris, partly subsumed into the Musée de Cluny. The best preserved room is the frigidarium	5th arrondissement 48°51′03″N 02°20′36″E
	Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois	7th century - 1570 Restored: 1838-1855 Belfry: 1858 - 1863	Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois is a church. Founded in the 7th century, it was subsequently altered, partially rebuilt and extended over the centuries, giving the edifice a mixed style of romanesque, gothic and renaissance architecture. Its belfry was built in the 19th century. A mairie was built on the other side of the tower, closely matching the appearance of the church.	1st arrondissement 48°51′34″N 2°20′28″E
	Conciergerie & Palais de Justice	9th century - 1883	Originally a Merovingian palace, then from the 10th to the 14th centuries the seat of the medieval Kings of France, the Palais de la Cité was abandonned for the Louvre in 1358. The section known as the Conciergerie was converted into a prison in 1391 and remained so until 1914. It is now open to the public as a national historical monument. The rest of the palace kept being used for administrative purposes, housing the Parlement de Paris, and the Chambre des comptes. It now forms the Palais de Justice, housing the Cour de Cassation - the highest jurisdiction in the French judicial order - as well as the Paris Court of Appeal and Tribunal de Grande Instance. Of the medieval Palais de la Cité, only the three towers of the Conciergerie, and the Sainte-Chapelle survived, the site was largely rebuilt in the 19th century, giving it its current appearance.	1st arrondissement Île de la Cité 48°51′23″N 2°20′44″E 48°51′21″N 2°20′42″E
	Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés	1014	Founded in the 6th century by Childebert I, son of Clovis the Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés was the burial place of Merovingian kings of Neustria. Destroyed by the Vikings in the 9th century, it was rebuilt in the 11th century, and considered the oldest religious edifice of Paris. It gave its name to the Saint-Germain-des-Prés district.	6th arrondissement Saint-Germain-des-Prés 48°51′14″N 2°20′04″E
	Saint Pierre de Montmartre	1133 - 1147	Saint-Pierre de Montmartre is one of the oldest churches in Paris, located on the hill of Montmartre next to the Sacré-Cœur. It was built on the site of previous churches, dating from the 8th and 10th century. It is of romanesque and early gothic style. Its tower was erected in 1794 for the Chappe optical semaphore.	18th arrondissement Montmartre 48°53′12″N 2°20′31″E
	Notre Dame de Paris	1163 - 1345 Restored: 1845 - 1870 Restored: 1991 -	• Gothic cathedral of the Catholic archdiocese of Paris  • Restoration by Viollet le Duc included the construction of the flèche as well as the ornamental chimeras||align="center"|4th arrondissement Île de la Cité 48.8530°N 2.3498°E / 48.8530; 2.3498
	Sainte-Chapelle	1242 - 1248 Restored:1855	The Sainte Chapelle is a Gothic chapel built under Saint Louis to house the Crown of Thorns and other relics.	1st arrondissement Île de la Cité 48°51′20″N 2°20′41″E
	Hôtel de Cluny	1334 Rebuilt:1485 - 1510	Originally the town house (hôtel) of the abbots of Cluny, the Hôtel de Cluny was rebuilt in the Gothic and renaissance style in the 15th and 16th century and converted into a museum in 1843.	5th arrondissement Quartier Latin 48°51′02″N 2°20′36″E
	Hôtel de Soubise	Gate:1375 1704	Originally Hôtel de Clisson, built to be the residence of Olivier de Clisson in the 14th century, then rebuilt as the Hôtel de Guise for Francis, Duke of Guise, it was again rebuilt for François de Rohan-Soubise in the 18th century. Of the original building, only the entrance gate (pictured) remains. The Hôtel de Soubise houses the Musée de l'Histoire de France since Napoleon III.	2nd arrondissement Marais 48°51′38″N 2°21′30″E
	Hôtel de Sens	1475 - 1519	The Hôtel de Sens was a late gothic Hôtel particulier of the archbishops of Sens, today housing a library. This mansion is one of three medieval private residences remaining in Paris.	4th arrondissement Marais 48°51′12″N 2°21′33″E
	Saint-Étienne-du-Mont	1494 - 1624	Saint-Étienne-du-Mont is a gothic and renaissance style church, located on the Montage Sainte-Geneviève. It contains the shrine of Sainte Geneviève, the patron saint of Paris.	5th arrondissement Montagne Sainte-Geneviève 48°50′48″N 2°20′53″E
	Saint-Jacques Tower	1509 – 1523	The Tour Saint-Jacques is a Gothic tower once part of the church Saint-Jacques-la-Boucherie demolished in 1797.	4th arrondissement 48°51′27.95″N 2°20′55.60″E
	Église Saint-Eustache	1532 – 1632	The Église Saint-Eustache is a Gothic church built during the renaissance.	1st arrondissement Halles 48°51′48″N 2°20′42″E
	Hôtel de Ville	1533 – 1628 Extended: 1835 Rebuilt: 1873 - 1892	The Hôtel de Ville is Paris city hall. It was built under Francis I in the renaissance style. Ruined by fire during the Paris Commune in 1871, it was rebuilt as a copy of the original building soon after.	4th arrondissement Place de l'Hôtel de Ville 48°51′23″N 2°21′08″E
	Louvre	1546 -	The Louvre was the seat of power in France from the late medieval era until Louis XIV moved to Versailles in 1682 • National museum of France  •  • The Louvre occupies the site of a 12th-century fortress of King Philip Augustus, its foundations still exist	1st arrondissement 48°51′40″N 2°20′09″E
	Pont Neuf	1578 - 1607 Restored: 1994 - 2007	The Pont Neuf ("new bridge") is the oldest standing bridge across the Seine in Paris, built under Henry III, and completed under the reign of Henry IV.	1st & 6th arrondissement Île de la Cité 48°51′24″N 02°20′27″E
	Place des Vosges	1605 - 1612	• Oldest square in Paris	3rd & 4th arrondissement Marais 48°51′20″N 2°21′56″E
	Jardin du Luxembourg	1612 Extended: 1782	A large public park, garden of the Luxembourg Palace. It features a French garden, an English garden an orchard, a hundred statues, monuments and fountains scattered throughout the grounds and a puppet theater.	6th arrondissement 48°50′49″N 2°20′14″E
	Palais du Luxembourg	1612 - 1631	Originally home of Marie de Médicis, it was used as a prison during the Reign of Terror, then was assigned to the Directoire and later the Sénat conservateur. It is now the seat of the senate. It is bordered by the Jardin du Luxembourg.	6th arrondissement 48°50′54″N 2°20′14″E
	Moulin de la Galette	1622 ?	The Moulin de la Galette is a classified windmill situated near the top of Montmartre, previously a famous guinguette, it is now a restaurant.	18th arrondissement Montmartre 48°53′14.63″N 2°20′13.36″E
	Val-de-Grâce	Abbey: 1624 - 1643 Church:1645 - 1667	In 1621 an abbey devoted to the nativity was founded at the Val-de-Grâce by Queen Anne of Austria. Following the birth of her son, the future Louis XIV, and fulfilling a vow, the now regent queen ordered the construction of a magnificent church. The church was built in the the baroque style. At the revolution, the site of the abbey was converted into a military hospital, and now houses a museum, a library and a school.	5th arrondissement {48°50′21″N 2°20′40″E
	Palais-Royal	1624 - 1790	Originally Palais Cardinal, the home of Cardinal Richelieu, it became a royal residence at his death. Today, it houses the Conseil d'État, the Constitutional Council, and the Ministry of Culture. At the rear of the garden are the older buildings of the Bibliothèque nationale de France.	1st arrondissement 48°51′48″N 2°20′13″E
	Sorbonne	1629 - 1642	Originally Collège de Sorbonne, a theological college of the University of Paris founded in 1257, the Sorbonne is now part of the university system in Paris. The chapel, now a secular building, was constructed in the baroque style under Richelieu.	5th arrondissement 48°50′55″N 2°20′36″E
	Jardin des plantes & Muséum national d'histoire naturelle	1635	Originally Jardin du Roi ("Royal garden"), the Jardin des Plantes was renamed at the revolution. It is a botanical garden, featuring a rosary, three greenhouses, a menagerie, a school of botany, and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (pictured).	5th arrondissement 48°50′38″N 2°21′35″E
	Église Saint-Sulpice	1646 - 1732	The second largest church in Paris after Notre Dame de Paris, of classicising style, it was erected over a romanesque church originally constructed during the 13th century.	6th arrondissement Saint-Germain-des-Prés 48°51′04″N 2°20′05″E
	Collège des Quatre-Nations Institut de France	1662 - 1688 1691	The Collège des Quatre-Nations was one of the colleges of the historic University of Paris. Founded by cardinal Mazarin, the college was affected in 1805 to the Institut de France, created in 1795 and previously housed in the Louvre.	6th arrondissement 48°51′26.3″N 2°20′13.0″E
	Jardin des Tuileries	1664	The Jardin des Tuileries was once the garden of the Tuileries Palace, demolished in 1883. It now links Place de la Concorde to the Louvre along the axe historique. The parterres were laid out under Louis XIV by André Le Notre. The Jardin des Tuileries covers about 25 hectares, it features several ponds, numerous statues, the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, a museum of contemporary art originally a court to play the jeu de paume, and the Musée de l'Orangerie, an art gallery of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings, originally an orangerie.	1st arrondissement 48°51′49″N 02°19′36″E
	Observatoire de Paris	1667 - 1671	Built under Louis XIV, the Observatoire de Paris is an astronomical observatory in Paris. Established on two other sites outside Paris, it serves as a research and education centre in astronomy. Its first director was Cassini	6th arrondissement 48°50′11.18″N 2°20′11.42″E
	Hôtel des Invalides	1670 - 1708	Originally a hospital complex for invalid war veterans built under Louis XIV, it now houses several museums including the Musée de l'Armée. It is also the burial site of great military men of France, most notably Napoleon. The classical church and its dome is a prominent feature.	7th arrondissement 48°51′18″N 2°18′45″E
	Porte Saint-Denis	1672 Restored:1988	The Porte Saint-Denis is a triumphal arch inspired by the Arch of Titus in Rome, celebrating victories of Louis XIV, built at the site of one of the gates of the now-destroyed medieval fortifications of Paris.	10th arrondissement 48°52′11″N 02°21′09.49″E
	Porte Saint-Martin	1674 Restored:1988	The Porte Saint-Martin is a triumphal arch in celebration of Louis XIV's victories, built at the site of one of the gates of the now-destroyed medieval fortifications of Paris.	10th arrondissement 48°52′08.90″N 02°21′20.25″E
	Place Vendôme	1685	Located near the Tuileries Gardens and the Église de la Madeleine, the Place Vendôme is reknown for its deluxe hôtels particuliers and its jewellers. The Hôtel Ritz is situated there. A column was erected in the centre under Napoleon to celebrate the victory of Austerlitz	1st arrondissement 48°52′03″N 2°19′46″E
	Palais de l'Élysée	1718 - 1722	The Palais de l'Élysée is the official residence of the President of the French Republic. Originally Hôtel d'Evreux, an hôtel particulier, built in the 18th century, it changed hands many time and has been used for various purposes until it became the president's residence under the second republic.	8th arrondissement 48°52′13″N 2°18′59″E
	Palais Bourbon	1722 - 1728	Originally a palace built for the duchesse de Bourbon, daughter of Louis XIV, the neoclassical Palais Bourbon is the seat of the Assemblée Nationale, the lower house of the parliament.	7th arrondissement 48°51′43″N 2°19′07″E
	École Militaire	1752 - 1760	Founded by Louis XV in 1750, École Militaire is a military school complex in the continuation of the Champ de Mars from the Eiffel Tower. It now houses the Collège interarmées de défense and Institut des hautes études de défense nationale.	7th arrondissement 48°51′09″N 2°18′13″E
	Place de la Concorde	1753 - 1772	The Place de la Concorde is the largest square in Paris, down the Champs-Élysées, bordered by the Seine river, the Tuileries Gardens, and buildings housing the French Naval Ministry or the luxury Hôtel de Crillon. The Palais Bourbon is across the Seine, the Embassy of the United States nearby. The (octogonal) square is decorated with statues at each corner, and an obelisk that once marked the entrance to the Luxor Temple was placed in its centre in 1833.	8th arrondissement 48°51′56″N 2°19′16″E
	Panthéon	1758 - 1789	The Panthéon was built as a church dedicated to Geneviève, patron saint of Paris under Louis XV. An early example of neoclassic architecture, its facade was modelled on the Pantheon in Rome. It has become a burial place reserved to the great men of France.	5th arrondissement Montagne Sainte-Geneviève 48°50′46″N 2°20′45″E
	Champ de Mars	1765	The Champs de Mars is a public park located between the Eiffel Tower and École Militaire. Originally a mere field, it was levelled and laid out for the purpose of military maneuver by the École Militaire. It has been the site of the Fête de la Fédération in 1790, a central location of the World Fairs in 1867, 1878, 1898 and 1900, and has been otherwise used for numerous exhibitions and open air events.	7th arrondissement 48°51′22″N 2°17′54″E
	Bourse de commerce de Paris	1763 – 1767 Rebuilt: 1806 - 1811 Rebuilt: 1885 - 1889	The Bourse de commerce de Paris was originally built as a wheat market (Halle aux blés), it was rebuilt in the 19th century as a commodity market, and today houses the Chambre de Commerce de Paris and used as an exhibition centre.	1st arrondissement 48°51′45.83″N 2°20′34″E
	Ecole de chirurgie	1769 - 1774	The Ecole de Chirurgie (surgery school) is a Neoclassical edifice, built under Louis XV, now part of Université René Descartes.	5th arrondissement 48°51′4.28″N 2°20′26.26″E
	Parc Monceau	1769 - 1778	Established by Philippe d'Orléans, the Parc Monceau is an "English garden" featuring many scaled-down architectural pieces and statues of famous French figures. A rotunda, remain of the wall of the Farmers-General, is found there.	8th arrondissement 48°52′46″N 2°18′33.22″E
	Hôtel des Monnaies	1771 - 1775	The hôtel des Monnaies is a neoclassical building, housing the Monnaie de Paris.	6th arrondissement 48°51′23.54″N 2°20′20.02″E
	Théâtre de l'Odéon	1779 - 1782	Neoclassical edifice built under Louis XVI, the Théatre de l'Odéon is one of France's six "national theatres".	6th arrondissement 48°50′58.2″N 2°20′19.5″E
	Wall of the Farmers-General	1785 - 1788	Shortly before the revolution, the Ferme générale had a wall erected around Paris intended to ensure the payment of a toll (octroi) on goods entering the city. Demolished during Haussmann's renovation of Paris, a few vestiges remain near Place de Stalingrad (pictured), Place de la Nation, Place Denfert-Rochereau and parc Monceau	Multiple
	Catacombs of Paris	1786 1810	A famous underground ossuary in the old mines of Paris, where the remains of condemned cemeteries in the growing city were moved. The Catacombs are open to the public from Place Denfert-Rochereau.	14th arrondissement Denfert Rochereau 48°50′02.43″N 2°19′56.36″E
	Lycée Henri-IV	1791	Built on the site of the former Abbey of St Genevieve that was demolished shortly after the revolution save for its bell tower (Tour Clovis), originally École centrale du Panthéon then Lycée Napoléon, the Lycée Henri-IV is a reputed secondary school, the first Lycée established in France.	5th arrondissement Montagne Sainte-Geneviève 48°50′45″N 2°20′52″E
	Place de la Bastille	1792	Place de la Bastille is a square located on the site of the former fortress-prison Bastille, stormed and demolished during the revolution. The July Column was erected in its centre, to commemorate the July Revolution. The Opera Bastille borders the square.	4th, 11th & 12th arrondissements 48°51′11.3″N 2°22′8.8″E
	Pont des Arts	1802 - 1804 1981 - 1984	A pedestrian bridge - the first metal bridge in Paris - built under Napoleon, rebuilt in the 20th century due to structural damage and eventual collapse. The bridge has sometimes served as a place for art exhibitions, and is today an open air studio for painters, artists and photographers.	1st & 6th arrondissements 48°51′30″N 02°20′15″E
	Canal Saint-Martin	1802 – 1825	The Canal Saint-Martin is an artificial waterway constructed under Napoléon to supply Paris with fresh water. The canal is a popular attraction for tourists and parisians alike.	10th & 11th arrondissements 48°52′29.61″N 2°21′48.19″E
	Cimetière du Père Lachaise	1804	The Cimetière du Père Lachaise is the largest cemetary in Paris, established under Napoléon just outside Paris, as cemetaries within the city were saturated and closed for sanitary reasons. The cemetaries of Montparnasse, Montmartre and Passy were opened for the same reason in the 19th century. Père Lachaise is the burial place of many famous people.	20th arrondissement 48°51′36″N 2°23′46″E
	Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel	1806 - 1808	The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel is a monument that was commissioned in 1806 by Napoleon to commemorate military victories of the previous year. It is modelled on the Arch of Constantine in Rome	1st arrondissement 48°51′43″N 2°19′58″E
	Arc de Triomphe	1806 - 1836	One of the most famous monuments in Paris, the Arc de Triomphe was commissioned by Napoleon to celebrate victories of the Napoleonic Wars and in honour of those who fought for France. It was inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier lies underneath.	8th, 16th & 17th arrondissements Place de l'Étoile 48°52′26″N 2°17′42″E
	Église de la Madeleine	1806 - 1811	The Église de la Madeleine is a neoclassic Roman Catholic church inspired by the antique Maison Carrée in Nîmes. Originally built as a memorial to the glory of Napoleon's Grande Armée, it was turned into a church under the Bourbon Restoration.	8th arrondissement 48°52′12″N 2°19′27″E
	Palais Brongniart	1807 - 1825	The neoclassical Palais Brongniart housed the Bourse de Paris (Paris stock exchange) until replaced by an electronic trading system at the end of the 80's, future use of the Palais Brongniart is under examination as of 2009.	2nd arrondissement 48°52′09″N 2°20′29″E
	Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève	1843 - 1850	The Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève is a library located on the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève. It was designed in Neo-Renaissance style, although its underlying metal structure relates it to cast iron architecture.	5th arrondissement Montagne Sainte-Geneviève 48°50′49.5″N 2°20′45″E
	Basilique Sainte-Clotilde	1846 - 1857	The Basilique Sainte-Clotilde is a 19th century's Neo-gothic church, most striking for its twin spires.	7th arrondissement Saint-Germain-des-Prés 48°51′30″N 2°19′09″E
	Cirque d'hiver	1852	Formerly known as Cirque Napoléon, the Cirque d'hiver has been a prominent venue for circuses, exhibitions of dressage, musical concerts and other events, today also including fashion shows.	11th arrondissement 48.86337°N 2.36753°E / 48.86337; 2.36753
	Bois de Boulogne	1852	The Bois de Boulogne is a large wooded area on the west side of Paris. It was made a public park by Napoleon III and annexed to Paris in 1929. It is home to an hippodrome, a menagerie, a botanical garden and the small neoclassical Château de Bagatelle.	16th arrondissement 48°51′53″N 2°15′03″E
	Bouquinistes	1859	The Bouquinistes (slang for "librarians") form a permanent used book open-air market along the banks of the Seine in the centre of Paris, where their open stands or closed green boxes are a familiar sight.	Banks of the Seine
	Bois de Vincennes	1860	The Bois de Vincenne is a large wooded area on the east side of Paris. It was made a public park by Napoleon III, and annexed to Paris proper in 1929. It is home to a zoo, an arboretum, several sport venues such as a velodrome and hippodrome. The Château de Vincennes borders the park.	16th arrondissement 48°49′41.05″N 2°25′58.50″E
	Parc des Buttes Chaumont	1860 - 1867	A large public park, laid out on a hill (the Buttes-Chaumont) under Napoleon III as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris.	19th arrondissement 48°52′49″N 2°22′58″E
	Église Saint-Augustin de Paris	1860 - 1871	• A Second Empire church of eclectic architecture.	8th arrondissement 48°52′34″N 2°19′8″E
	Cathédrale Saint-Alexandre-Nevski	1861	Russian orthodox cathedral, seat of the Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe	8th arrondissement 48°52′39.30″N 02°18′07.09″E
	Église de la Sainte-Trinité	1861 - 1867	The Église de la Sainte-Trinité is a Second Empire church of renaissance inspiration, built as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris. It is known for its former organist and famous composer, Olivier Messiaen.	9th arrondissement 48°52′38″N 2°19′53″E
	Palais Garnier	1862 - 1875	An opera house, formerly Opéra Garnier, renamed Palais Garnier after the Opéra National de Paris chose the Opéra Bastille as their principal theatre upon its completion in 1989. It was built in the Neo-baroque style.	9th arrondissement 48°52′19″N 2°19′54″E
	Printemps	1865-1955	One of the grands magasins in Paris.	9th arrondissement 48°52′27″N 2°19′42″E
	Parc Montsouris	1867 - 1878	Along with the Buttes Chaumont, Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes, the Parc Montsouris was created as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris. It is an English landscape park, featuring a lake, a vast number of trees and a restaurant. It borders the Cité Universitaire.	14th arrondissement 48°49′20″N 2°20′18″E
	Grande synagogue de Paris	1867 - 1874		9th arrondissement 48°52′31.79″N 2°20′10.95″E
	Wallace fountains	1875 - ?	The Wallace fountains are public drinking fountains that appear in the form of small cast-iron sculptures scattered throughout Paris, mainly along the most-frequented sidewalks. They are named after Sir Richard Wallace, who financed their construction to relieve the City following the Franco-Prussian War and Paris Commune	Throughout Paris
	Basilique du Sacré-Cœur	1875 - 1914	• Basilica dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus  • Romano-Byzantine style  • Originally chosen to "expiate the crimes of the communards"	18th arrondissement Montmartre 48°53′13″N 2°20′35″E
	Crédit Lyonnais headquarters	1876 - 1913	An imposing edifice of Haussmannian style, headquarters of Crédit Lyonnais.	2nd arrondissement 48°52′14.95″N 2°20′11.45″E
	Eiffel Tower	1887 – 1889	• Entrance arch for the Exposition Universelle of 1989  • Used as a radio tower since 1921	7th arrondissement 48°51′30″N 2°17′40″E
	Replicas of the Statue of Liberty & Flame of Liberty	1889 1989	Three replicas of the Statue of Liberty are found in Paris, one stands in the Jardin du Luxembourg, another on the Île aux Cygnes looking towards its "larger sister" in New York Harbour, a third is in the Musée des Arts et Métiers. A full-scale copy of the torch, the Flamme de la Liberté, can also be seen above the entrance to the Pont de l'Alma tunnel.	Multiple
File:Pont Alexandre III 23 May 2006.jpg	Pont Alexandre III	1896 - 1900	The Pont Alexandre III is a very ornate arch bridge built for the Exposition Universelle of 1900. It connects the Invalides to the nearby Petit and Grand Palais across the Seine.	7th & 8th arrondissement 48°51′49″N 2°18′49″E
	Petit Palais	1897 - 1899 Restored: 2000 - 2005	The Petit Palais was an exhibition hall built for the Exposition Universelle of 1900, it now houses the Musée des beaux-arts. It is located across the Grand Palais.	8th arrondissement 48°51′58″N 2°18′53″E
	Grand Palais	1897 - 1900 Restored: 1993 - 2005	The Grand Palais was an exhibition hall built for the Exposition Universelle of 1900 over the former Palais de l'Industrie of previous world fairs. Its architecture is of Eclectic style, characteristic of Beaux-Arts.	8th arrondissement 48°51′58.18″N 2°18′45.19″E
	Gare d'Orsay Musée d'Orsay	1898 - 1900 1980 - 1986	The Beaux-Arts edifice of the Musée d'Orsay was formerly a train station, opened shortly before the Exposition Universelle of 1900. It was converted into a museum of art in 1986. It holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, particularly of the impressionist movement.	7th arrondissement 48.860°N 2.327°E / 48.860; 2.327
	Moulin Rouge	1889	• Famous cabaret	18th arrondissement 48°53′3″N 2°19′56″E
	Métropolitain	1900 -	The Métropolitain, more commonly shortened to Métro, is the rapid transit system of Paris. The first line opened in 1900, coinciding with the Exposition Universelle of 1900, and now forms an extensive network reaching into nearby suburbs. Its many art nouveau entrances are iconic symbols of Paris.	Covers the whole of Paris List of stations of the Paris Métro
	Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris	1925 -	The Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris is a private park and foundation that maintains several dozen residences for international students and visiting academics in the Île-de-France region. The complex was built throughout the 20th century, several structures have been designed by architects of note.	14th arrondissement 48°49′16″N 2°20′17″E
	Grande Mosquée de Paris	1926	The Grande Mosquée de Paris was founded after World War I as a sign of France's gratefulness to the Muslim tirailleurs from the colonies who had fought against Germany. The Mosque was built following the mudéjar style.	5th arrondissement 48°50′31″N 2°21′18″E
	La Samaritaine	1933	One of the Grand Magasins in Paris, founded in 1869, progressively expanded and reworked, the current predominently Art deco building was completed in 1933. La Samaritaine was closed in 2005 for restructuring.	1st arrondissement 48°51′32″N 2°20′31.5″E
	Palais de Tokyo	1934 - 1937	Built for the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne of 1937, the Palais des Musées d’Art Moderne renamed Palais de Tokyo houses the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (a museum of modern art).	16th arrondissement 48°51′50″N 2°17′50″E
	Palais de Chaillot	1937	Built for the Exposition Internationale of 1937, replacing the Palais du Trocadéro itself built for the Exposition Universelle of 1878, the Palais de Chaillot houses several museums (Musée national de la Marine, Musée de l'Homme, Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine).	16th arrondissement 48°51′46″N 2°17′14″E
File:Montparnasse tower.jpg	Tour Montparnasse	1969 - 1972	The Tour Montparnasse is the tallest skyscraper in Paris and France. It is mainly occupied by offices although a restaurant on the 56th floor, and the terrace on the top floor, are open to the public.	15th arrondissement 48.8421°N 2.3220°E / 48.8421; 2.3220
100px	Centre Georges Pompidou	1971 - 1977	The Centre Georges Pompidou named after the French president houses the Musée National d'Art Moderne, as well as IRCAM. It was designed in the style of High-tech architecture.	4th arrondissement 48.860653°N 2.352411°E / 48.860653; 2.352411
	Forum des Halles	1975 - 1986	The Forum des Halles is a huge and mostly underground shopping precinct located at the site of the traditional central market of Paris (Les Halles). Criticized for its appearance, the Forum will be replaced by a new design (Carreau des Halles) in the upcoming years.	1st arrondissement 48°51′46″N 2°20′40″E
	Arab World Institute	1981 - 1987	The Institut du Monde Arabe was established in 1980 in Paris, when 18 Arab countries concluded an agreement with France to establish the Institute to disseminate information about the Arab world and set in motion detailed research to cover Arabic and the Arab world’s culture.	5th arrondissement 48°50′56″N 2°21′23″E
File:VBRITTO-cite-sciences-geode.jpg	Parc de la Villette	1982	Built on the site of the former slaughterhouses of Paris, the Parc de la Villette is a large public park housing public facilities devoted to science and music such as the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie the Géode (pictured) or the Cité de la Musique. It also features playgrounds for children, and numerous architectural follies.	19th arrondissement 48°53′40″N 2°23′19″E
	Minister of the Economy, Industry and Employment	1984 - 1989	A prominent modern building in the Bercy area, housing the Minister of the Economy, Industry and Employement as well as the Minister for the Budget, Public Accounts and Civil Service, often just refered as "Bercy".	12th arrondissement Bercy 48°50′21″N 2°22′33″E
	Opéra Bastille	1984 - 1989	The Opéra de la Bastille is a modern opera house home of the Opéra National de Paris.	12th arrondissement Bastille 48°51′07″N 2°22′14″E
	Parc de Belleville	1988	Located on the hill of Belleville, the Parc de Belleville is a recent addition to Paris. Its main feature is a 100 metre-long waterfall fountain, it is adorned with numerous trees, shrubs and some vines in remembrance of the vines that were grown there once.	20th arrondissement Belleville 48°52′15″N 2°23′05″E
	Promenade plantée	1988	A long and narrow "park" in Paris, elevated in places, running 4.5 kilometres from Opéra Bastille to the Boulevard Périphérique towards the Bois de Vincennes, following the path of an abandoned 19th-century railway viaduct.	12th arrondissement 48.849646°N 2.371247°E / 48.849646; 2.371247
	Cinémathèque Française	1994	The Cinémathèque Française holds a large archive of films, movie documents and film-related objects. It is located in the Parc de Bercy in a postmodern building.	12th arrondissement Bercy 48°50′13″N 2°22′57″E
File:Vue globale de la BNF.jpg	Bibliothèque nationale de France	1996	Houses the National library of France  • The modern site was sponsored by former President of France François Mitterrand	13th arrondissement Bercy 48°50′01″N 2°22′33″E
	Bercy Village	2001	Bercy Village is a rehabilitated area of Bercy, formerly the wine warehouses of Paris, fallen into disuse in the second half ot the 20th century. The area, restored rather than rebuilt, now forms an atypical commercial and leisure centre.	12th arrondissement Bercy 48°49′59″N 2°23′11″E
100px	Musée du quai Branly	2006	A project championned by Jacques Chirac, the Musée du quai Branly is a museum that features indigenous art, cultures and civilizations from Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Its architecture is daring, combining a post modern complex with a hilly garden and other natural elements, most notable through its green wall.	7th arrondissement 48°51′39″N 2°17′51″E

Former landmarks

Picture	Name	Date	Description	Location
	Tour du Temple	Built:1240 Demolished:1808	Originally a fortress built by the Knights Templar under Saint Louis, the Tour du Temple is notorious for having been the French royal family's jail at the time of the Revolution. In 1808, the Temple having become a place of pilgrimage for royalists, Napoleon ordered its demolition.	3rd arrondissement 48°51′55″N 2°21′44″E
	Bastille	Built:1370–1383 Demolished:1789	The Bastille was a fortress built during the Hundred Years War. Converted into a prison under Louis XIII, it was stormed during the revolution, and demolished a few months later. Today, its outline is marked on the pavement of streets and sidewalks that pass over its former location.	4th, 11th & 12th arrondissement Bastille 48°51′12″N 2°22′6″E
	Palais des Tuileries	Built:1564 - 1600's Demolished:1883	Construction of the Palais des Tuileries was ordered by Catherine de' Medici. Enlarged and partially rebuilt in the 17th century, it has been used as the royal residence at several points of history, and as the imperial residence by both emperors. Communards set the Tuileries on fire in 1871, causing its demolition in 1883. Proposition have been made to rebuild the Palace though as of 2009, there is no plan to do so.	1st arrondissement 48°51′50″N 2°19′34″E
	Grand Châtelet	Built:1684 Demolished:1802-1810	Originally a stronghold built under Louis VI, rebuilt under Charles V, fallen into disrepair, rebuilt again under Louis XIV, the Grand Châtelet was demolished following the revolution as part of the general refurbishment of the area.	1st & [[4th arrondissement Châtelet 48°51′27″N 2°20′50″E
	Palais de l'Industrie	Built:1855 Demolished:1897	Built for the Exposition Universelle of 1855, the Palais de l'Industrie was a spectacular exhibition hall designed to rival London's Crystal Palace. It was demolished in 1897 to make way for the Petit and Grand Palais for the Exposition Universelle of 1900.	8th arrondissement 48°51′58.18″N 2°18′45.19″E
	Palais du Trocadéro	Built:1878 Demolished:1937	Of Moorish and Neo-Byzantine inspiration, the Palais du Trocadéro was built for the 1878 Exposition Universelle on the hill of Chaillot. It was demolished and replaced by the Palais de Chaillot for the Exposition of 1937.	16th arrondissement 48°51′46″N 2°17′14″E

Outside Paris

The following entries, although in close proximity and commonly associated to Paris, are located in bordering suburbs.

Picture	Name	Date	Description	Location
	Chateau de Vincennes	Date	Desc	Vincennes 48°50′34″N 2°26′09″E
	Chateau de Versailles	Date	Desc	Versailles 48.804404°N 2.123162°E / 48.804404; 2.123162
	La Défense	Date	Desc	48°53′30.27″N 2°14′27.00″E
	Basilique Saint-Denis	Date	Desc	Saint-Denis 48°56′08″N 2°21′35″E

See also

• History of Paris
• List of French monarchs
• Haussmann's renovation of Paris

• Exposition Universelle (1855)
• Exposition Universelle (1867)
• Exposition Universelle (1878)
• Exposition Universelle (1889)
• Exposition Universelle (1900)
• Paris Colonial Exposition (1931)
• Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937)

• Arrondissements of Paris
• Paris districts
• List of museums in Paris