User:Athib65/Antarctic petrel

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Breeding

<old text> The Antarctic petrel breeding period is during October-November. Each pair lays a single egg, which they incubate for 45-48 days after which there is a 42-47 day nestling period. Both members of the pair incubate the egg, 4% of pairs are female-female.

Eggs have a 70-90% hatching rate. The two main causes of egg loss were predation by South polar skuas, and an egg rolling out of the nest and freezing. <old text>

<new text> Antarctic petrel chicks rely on their parents for food as well as warmth.^[1] The physiological condition of the parent petrel dictates the amount of food it provides to its chick.^[2] Provisioning by parent petrels depends on both their own body condition and their chick’s needs. Parent petrels in better body condition were more likely to have a chick that survived, and were able to increase the amount of food they gave to a smaller chick in a cross-fostering experiment.^[2] Chicks become thermally independent after day 11 post-hatching. ^[1]

^ ^a ^b Bech, Claus; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Haftorn, Svein (1991-08-01). "Thermoregulatory abilities in chicks of the Antarctic Petrel (Thalassoica antarctica)". Polar Biology. 11 (4): 233–238. doi:10.1007/BF00238456. ISSN 1432-2056.
^ ^a ^b Tveraa, Torkild; Sether, Bernt‐Erik; Aanes, Ronny; Erikstad, Kjell Einar (1998-09). "Regulation of food provisioning in the Antarctic petrel; the importance of parental body condition and chick body mass". Journal of Animal Ecology. 67 (5): 699–704. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00234.x. ISSN 0021-8790. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[:0-1] Bech, Claus; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Haftorn, Svein (1991-08-01). "Thermoregulatory abilities in chicks of the Antarctic Petrel (Thalassoica antarctica)". Polar Biology. 11 (4): 233–238. doi:10.1007/BF00238456. ISSN 1432-2056.

[:1-2] Tveraa, Torkild; Sether, Bernt‐Erik; Aanes, Ronny; Erikstad, Kjell Einar (1998-09). "Regulation of food provisioning in the Antarctic petrel; the importance of parental body condition and chick body mass". Journal of Animal Ecology. 67 (5): 699–704. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00234.x. ISSN 0021-8790. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

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