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Teide Observatory

Coordinates: 28°18′00″N 16°30′35″W / 28.3°N 16.5097°W / 28.3; -16.5097
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Teide Observatory
Alternative names954 TEN Edit this at Wikidata
Organization
Observatory code 954 Edit this on Wikidata
LocationTenerife, Atlantic Ocean, international waters
Coordinates28°18′00″N 16°30′35″W / 28.3°N 16.5097°W / 28.3; -16.5097
Altitude2,390 m (7,840 ft) Edit this at Wikidata
Established1964 Edit this on Wikidata
Websitewww.iac.es/en,%20https://www.iac.es/es Edit this at Wikidata
Telescopes
Teide Observatory is located in Canary Islands
Teide Observatory
Location of Teide Observatory
  Related media on Commons

Teide Observatory (Spanish: Observatorio del Teide), IAU code 954, is an astronomical observatory on Mount Teide at 2,390 metres (7,840 ft), located on Tenerife, Spain. It has been operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias since its inauguration in 1964. It became one of the first major international observatories, attracting telescopes from different countries around the world because of the good astronomical seeing conditions. Later, the emphasis for optical telescopes shifted more towards Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma.

Telescopes

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Solar telescopes

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The image shows a large tower housing a telescope dome on it's top floor. The dome has a small hole in it where the telescope looks out.
French/Italian Solar Telescope THEMIS.
Testing laser systems on the ESO Wendelstein Laser Guide Star system.[1]

Nocturnal telescopes

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Radio telescopes for cosmic microwave background astronomy

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Other buildings on the site

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The observatory has a visitors' centre and a residencia (hostel) for astronomers. Brian May helped construct a building there to study interplanetary dust.

List of discovered minor planets

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The Minor Planet Center credits the discovery of several minor planets directly to the observatory.[6]

(79484) 1998 FH3 18 March 1998 list
(100747) 1998 EO4 3 March 1998 list
(175732) 1998 EW8 6 March 1998 list
(219078) 1998 GX 3 April 1998 list
(301883) 1998 EQ9 9 March 1998 list
(455329) 2002 PO63 12 August 2002 list

Discovery of the first brown dwarf star

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In 1995, Rafael Rebolo López, María Rosa Zapatero-Osorio and Eduardo L. Martín published their discovery of Teide-1, which they found through optical observations using the 0.8 meter telescope at Teide Observatory.[7]

Climate

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The position where the observatory is situated has a mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), with average temperature features reminiscent of southern England. This renders in warm summers that averages around 23 °C (73 °F) with light frosts being possible and sometimes happening in winter. Extremes are moderated by its marine features, which combined with the altitude keeps temperatures below 30 °C (86 °F) even during heat waves, and in spite of the altitude the marine features are strong enough to prevent severe frosts. Sunshine levels, as typical of the nearby lowland arid climates, are high throughout the year. Many alpine areas at further distance from the equator are above the tree line at this elevation, but Teide is far above even any subarctic temperatures due to its position on the 28th parallel north.

Climate data for Izaña Observatory (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.0
(46.4)
8.0
(46.4)
10.1
(50.2)
12.3
(54.1)
15.0
(59.0)
19.0
(66.2)
23.0
(73.4)
22.6
(72.7)
18.7
(65.7)
14.6
(58.3)
10.9
(51.6)
9.2
(48.6)
14.3
(57.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.9
(40.8)
4.8
(40.6)
6.5
(43.7)
8.2
(46.8)
10.7
(51.3)
14.4
(57.9)
18.2
(64.8)
18.0
(64.4)
14.5
(58.1)
10.9
(51.6)
7.7
(45.9)
6.1
(43.0)
10.4
(50.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2)
1.6
(34.9)
2.9
(37.2)
4.1
(39.4)
6.4
(43.5)
9.9
(49.8)
13.5
(56.3)
13.4
(56.1)
10.3
(50.5)
7.2
(45.0)
4.5
(40.1)
3.0
(37.4)
6.6
(43.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 55.6
(2.19)
49.7
(1.96)
32.9
(1.30)
18.8
(0.74)
3.8
(0.15)
0.5
(0.02)
0.0
(0.0)
9.5
(0.37)
5.6
(0.22)
33.1
(1.30)
50.6
(1.99)
60.3
(2.37)
320.4
(12.61)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 4.6 3.8 4.0 2.4 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.8 1.0 3.5 4.7 5.1 30.7
Average relative humidity (%) 45.9 50.2 45.8 42.6 35.2 28.3 22.0 28.0 40.5 52.5 52.7 49.3 41.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 246.5 247.5 300.5 323.3 379.8 398.9 402.4 371.8 319.8 277.1 236.6 233.1 3,737.3
Source: NOAA/NCEI[8]
Climate data for Izaña Observatory (altitude 2369m, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1920–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.3
(64.9)
19.9
(67.8)
22.0
(71.6)
23.0
(73.4)
26.0
(78.8)
27.7
(81.9)
30.4
(86.7)
29.6
(85.3)
27.2
(81.0)
24.6
(76.3)
20.8
(69.4)
20.1
(68.2)
30.4
(86.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.5
(45.5)
8.0
(46.4)
10.2
(50.4)
11.8
(53.2)
14.5
(58.1)
18.9
(66.0)
23.0
(73.4)
22.6
(72.7)
18.6
(65.5)
14.3
(57.7)
11.1
(52.0)
8.8
(47.8)
14.1
(57.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)
4.7
(40.5)
6.4
(43.5)
7.6
(45.7)
10.1
(50.2)
14.4
(57.9)
18.5
(65.3)
18.2
(64.8)
14.5
(58.1)
10.6
(51.1)
7.8
(46.0)
5.6
(42.1)
10.2
(50.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0)
1.3
(34.3)
2.7
(36.9)
3.5
(38.3)
5.8
(42.4)
9.9
(49.8)
14.0
(57.2)
13.8
(56.8)
10.4
(50.7)
6.9
(44.4)
4.5
(40.1)
2.4
(36.3)
6.4
(43.4)
Record low °C (°F) −8.0
(17.6)
−9.8
(14.4)
−9.1
(15.6)
−8.2
(17.2)
−5.1
(22.8)
−1.4
(29.5)
−0.2
(31.6)
1.2
(34.2)
0.0
(32.0)
−1.9
(28.6)
−5.0
(23.0)
−6.8
(19.8)
−9.8
(14.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47
(1.9)
67
(2.6)
58
(2.3)
18
(0.7)
7
(0.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5
(0.2)
13
(0.5)
37
(1.5)
54
(2.1)
60
(2.4)
392
(15.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 4.5 4.0 4.1 2.7 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 1.6 3.7 4.4 5.6 33.4
Average relative humidity (%) 50 54 48 45 40 32 25 30 43 55 54 52 44
Mean monthly sunshine hours 226 223 260 294 356 382 382 358 295 259 220 218 3,473
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[9][10]

Astroclimate and seeing

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The useful observing time is given as 78% and the median FWHM seeing from DIMM measurements is given as 0.76" and 0.70" at two sites near the Carlos Sánchez Telescope.[11]

See also

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ESO and Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias sign agreement on adaptive optics collaboration.[12]

References

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  1. ^ "First Light for Laser Guide Star Technology Collaboration". European Southern Observatory. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  2. ^ THEMIS Website
  3. ^ THEMIS Instrument Paper
  4. ^ GREGOR Website at KIS, Freiburg
  5. ^ David Airey (1993). "Construction of a small spectrograph for stellar spectroscopy and its use on some brighter stars". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 103: 11–18. Bibcode:1993JBAA..103...11A.
  6. ^ "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 4 September 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  7. ^ "25th anniversary of the discovery of the first brown dwarf".
  8. ^ "Izana Climate Normals 1991-2020". NOAA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-22.
  9. ^ "Valores climatológicos normales. Izaña" (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Archived from the original on 2024-04-04.
  10. ^ "Valores extremos. Izaña" (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Archived from the original on 2024-03-22.
  11. ^ Vernin, J.; et al. (2002). "Site-testing Results at the Teide Observatory" (PDF). ASPC. 266: 454. Bibcode:2002ASPC..266..454V.
  12. ^ "ESO and Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Sign Agreement on Adaptive Optics Collaboration". ESO Announcement. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
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