Laurier Palace Theatre fire
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2011) |
The Laurier Palace Theatre fire, sometimes known as the Saddest fire or the Laurier Palace Theatre crush, occurred in a movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, on January 9, 1927, killing 78 people.[1][2] The theatre was located at 3215 Saint Catherine Street East, just east of Dézéry St.
Fire
[edit]
The fire started in the early afternoon during a performance of the comedy Get 'Em Young.[3] Approximately 250 children were in attendance, the majority of them not accompanied by an adult.[4]
Survivors remembered the cry of fire and smoke quickly filling the air. Ushers, not realizing the danger, at first blocked the east balcony exit and urged the children to return to their seats.[5] The exit doors opened inwards, meaning that the crush of those trying escape prevented them from being opened. The projectionist, Émile Massicotte, got thirty children away from the locked exit into the projection booth, then passed them out a window onto the marquee above the sidewalk, whence they descended fireman's ladders. One usher, Paul Champagne, helped direct evacuation at the other stairway that was not blocked; he and Massicotte were credited with preventing many more deaths, possibly well over 100.
A fire station was across the street and firemen arrived quickly. [6][7]
Victims
[edit]
Seventy-eight children died: 12 were crushed, 64 asphyxiated, and 2 children killed by the fire itself. Among the dead were the son of a firefighter and three children of a policeman who had been called to assist.
Inquiry
[edit]There was never a released official cause for the fire, with Law [clarification needed] and his employees claiming the children in the theater were lighting matches to see under the seats. Others believed that there was faulty wiring to blame.[6]
Aftermath
[edit]
On January 11, funeral services were held in l'Église de la Nativité de la Sainte Vierge (the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin), near the theatre, for 39 of the victims. More than 50,000 watched the funeral procession. During the homily, Father Georges Gauthier, co-archbishop of Montréal, wondered whether entertainment should be allowed on Sundays and suggested that children be barred from cinemas.
Political
[edit]The people[who?] seized upon the tragedy of the Laurier Palace Theatre as an opportunity to block children's access to the cinema in general, claiming that the cinema "ruins the health of children, weakens their lungs, troubles their imagination, excites their nervous system, harms their education, overexcites their sinful ideas and leads to immorality".
A few months later Judge Louis Boyer recommended that everyone under 16 be forbidden access to cinema screenings. The following year, to appease extremists who wanted the cinema closed to all, such a law was passed[8] and remained in effect for 33 years, until 1961. Building codes were also modified so that the doors of public buildings were required to open outwards.
In 1967, the cinema law was further modified, setting up a motion picture rating system that divided the movie-going population into age groups of 18 and over, 14 and over, and general (for all).
Depiction in media
[edit]There are a large number of songs based around the fire with the singer Hercule Lavoie singing about the fire with the words:
«Il fallait des anges au paradis
Des chérubins aux blondes têtes
Et c’est pourquoi Dieu vous a pris
Votre bambin, votre fillette,
Consolez-vous, séchez vos pleurs
Ils sont heureux dans un monde meilleur
Il fallait des anges au paradis
C’est votre enfant que le Ciel a choisi.»
Which, in English, translates to:
"There was a need for angels in Heaven
Of blonde-haired cherubs
And that is why God has taken you
Your little boy, your little girl,
Take comfort, dry your eyes
They are happy in a better world
There was a need for angels in Heaven
It was your child that God chose."
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Three Held to Answer for 78 Panic Deaths". The Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 2 November 2015 – via Google News Archive Search.
- ^ "Erez resize". banq.qc.ca. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
- ^ "Tragic Movie Fire Kills 77 Children". The Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida. January 10, 1927. pp. 1, 7.
- ^ Fahrni, Magda (Fall 2015). "Glimpsing Working-Class Childhood through the Laurier Palace Fire of 1927: The Ordinary, the Tragic, and the Historian's Gaze". The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth. 8 (3): 426–450. doi:10.1353/hcy.2015.0047. S2CID 146643958 – via Project Muse.
- ^ Bell, Don (August 21, 1982). "A survivor remembers cinema fire that killed 78; Olivier Racette was the last youngster to make it alive out of the Laurier Palace Theatre". The GAZETTE Montreal. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ a b "The Laurier Palace Theatre Fire". Silent Toronto. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
- ^ Fahrni, Magda (Fall 2015). "Glimpsing Working-Class Childhood through the Laurier Palace Fire of 1927: The Ordinary, the Tragic, and the Historians Gaze". The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth. 8 (3): 426–450. doi:10.1353/hcy.2015.0047. S2CID 146643958.
- ^ "Our Local Hollywood Connections - Stan Laurel, Snow White and Quebec Cinema Laws", Montreal Mosaic. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
- ^ Proulx, Gilles. "L'hécatombe du Laurier-Palace (1927)". Le Journal de Montréal (in Canadian French). Retrieved 2018-05-13.
- ^ "Il fallait des anges au paradis". Bienvenue chez Muse. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
External links
[edit]
- "Seventy-Six Children Killed in Panic on Stairway at Fire in East St. Catherine Street Movie Theatre Sunday Afternoon", Montreal Gazette, January 10, 1927, p1
- Schmidt, René. Canadian Disasters.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070204031528/http://www.bitesizecanada.org/quebec.htm
- "Fire Disasters". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
- 1920s fires in North America
- 1927 fires
- 1927 in Quebec
- 1920s in Montreal
- Building and structure fires in Montreal
- Fire disasters involving barricaded escape routes
- Former cinemas in Montreal
- Human stampedes in North America
- January 1927 events
- Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
- Theatre fires
- Man-made disasters in Canada
- 1927 disasters in Canada
- 20th-century fires in Canada