Draft:Burnings of German Books in the United States 1917 to 1918

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Declined by Timtrent 12 months ago. Last edited by Liz 0 seconds ago. Reviewer: Inform author.

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Comment: Where are your references? One reference is wholly insufficient 🇺🇦 Fiddle^Timtrent Faddle^Talk to me 🇺🇦 22:28, 1 November 2023 (UTC)

Overview and Map

Burnings of Books in the US 1917 to 1918

This article deals specifically with the destruction of German literature and similar, identity-forming works in the USA in relation to WW1 and not with the general anti-Germanism before, during or after.

During the First World War in the USA there were numerous anti-German attacks on people and property.

Pile of ashes in street after burning of German textbooks from the Baraboo High School, Baraboo, Wisconsin during an anti-German demonstration; text on ground says "Here lies the remains of German in B.H.S."(Baraboo High School)

A pile of German textbooks, from the Baraboo High School, burning on a street in Baraboo, Wisconsin, during an anti-German demonstration

Causes and similarities

The widespread resentment against newly immigrated groups, which was directed not only against Germans but also Irish, Italians, Catholics, Jews, Chinese etc. (keyword: Know Nothing Party), formed the basis that after the beginning of the First World War was used to "solve the problem with the German language" by incited MOBs. Although there were occasional courageous dissenting voices (by headmasters or e.g. in the press), the majority remained mute because of the practiced lynch "justice" or participated fanatically in the book burnings. School break-ins and subsequent book burnings were perpetrated with conspicuous frequency by pupils or "unknowns", often after they had previously protested against the continuation of German lessons in the class. One can presume that the students hoped that their actions would also reduce their expenses for the rest of the school year. Despite the dissenting voices, important events repeatedly triggered waves of book burnings, which - possibly also centrally controlled - were fueled by external people and organizations.

As special events were named the entry of the USA into the war, the armistice with the German Empire and ship sinkings (Tuscania (troop transporter;1918); Lusitania (arms transporter with among other things US passengers as "meat shields" 1915), etc.).

Some individuals explicitly stepped forward in calling for book burnings e.g. various Superintendents and James Pershing (brother of Gen. John J. Pershing; " I want to see every German newspaper in America confiscated and every German text book burned.”).

Also companies, e.g. the "Anaconda Copper Mining Company" (A.C.M.; in Butte, Montana) were or are suspected of being involved in the anti-German book burnings for economic reasons. Presumably, American companies also incited paid murderers and lynch mobs against trade unionists, socialists and opponents of the war in the period between 1914 and 1918 (Frank Little (unionist); Robert Prager). Since the German-speaking workforce has traditionally brought higher or larger sections of the population more comprehensive school education from "the fatherland", hostility on the part of the companies towards the "educational culture" of the workers is obvious.

Even if fear of disloyalty and demonstrating one's own loyalty were frequently cited as the motive for the book burnings, one can assume that the German "educational culture" was viewed by large parts of the US population as snooty to autocratic, at least behind closed doors . Statements by various US Presidents up to 1945 in this regard are known.

A clear lever against German as a language and German literature was the propaganda denigration as "Hun language" or "Teuton language" ("teutonic books"). For this purpose, the allegedly martial character of the so-called "Hun Speech" by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1900 (the authenticity of which is highly disputed) was projected onto the language as a whole. Unexplained and surprising despite reprisals is that the "German=Hun" propaganda caught on so well, although the educated class of the population saw the atrocities of other states (Boer War<->concentration camps; Russian Empire<->Circassian genocide; UK-Benin War; Belgian Congo-Freestate<->quasi-slavery; etc.) were known and could serve as a reference.

It is also scientifically unclear to what extent it is likely that the massive book burnings in the USA (and France) in 1914-1918 had a decisive influence on the book burnings that began in 1933 in the Third Reich.

This article inevitably only gives an incomplete overview of the number of book burnings and the extent of the burned books, documents, pictures, etc., since not every book burning was reported on and not all newspaper reports are freely accessible. There is a survivorship bias in the data. Given that entire US states have condescendingly enacted book burnings, one can expect many more incidents in many more communities.

Addendum: A special event are the book burnings in Menominee High School. While other incidents were only reported once or over a maximum of 1-2 months, the reporting regarding Menominee High School spanned the months of May to November. In this case, an alleged revenge action on the school took place. It is possible that the extensive reporting was used to track down supposed "Hun sympathizers" who could then be dealt with by the lynch mob or the dysfunctional "judiciary". Nothing is known of other supposed or real acts of revenge.

List of book burnings

Event No.	when	where-community	where-state	burning location	media origin	media types	scope	initiator and culprit	spec. witnesses / participants / opponents	source
1	Winter 1917-1918	Washburn County	Wisconsin	<unknown>	High school	books	german text books	<unknown>	<unknown>	The Manitowoc pilot. [volume], June 06, 1918, page 3 [1] Iron County news. [volume], June 08, 1918, page 7 [2] Wausau pilot. [volume], June 11, 1918, page 2 [3]
2	before/after 07.09.1918	Haverhill	Massachusetts	<unknown>	school	books	german text books	school board	<unknown>	The Barre daily times., September 07, 1918, page 4 [4]
3	at 28.03.1918		Iowa state	<unknown>	all schools in Iowa	books	every german book	A. M. Deyoe, state superintendent	<unknown>	The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat., March 28, 1918, page 6 [5]
4	before 11.05.1918		Montana state	<unknown>	public libraries and schools	books	every german book	defence council of Montana	<unknown>	Freie Presse für Texas. [volume], May 11, 1918, page 1 [6]
5	after 03.07.1918		Oklahoma state	<unknown>	school library	books	german books and literatur	superintendent R. H. Wilson	superintendent of city and county	Tulsa daily world. [volume], July 03, 1918, FINAL EDITION, page 2 [7]
6	before 02.05.1918	Amboy	Minnesota	school yard	public schools	books	german text books („great part“)	students	teacher J. T. Hanson	Der Nordstern. [volume], May 02, 1918, page 6 [8]
7	at 09.04.1918	Ansonia	Ohio	<unknown>	school	books	every german text book	citizens	<unknown>	The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume], April 09, 1918, page 15 [9] Fulton County tribune., April 19, 1918, page 2 [10]
8	at 13.06.1918	Baraboo	Wisconsin	city (intersection Oak and Second street)	High school	books	german text books (considerable number)	students („class of ´18“); Hugh Kelley (school caretaker)	Miss Christian Wright; H. H. Coates, (caretaker); E. B. Trimpey, (photograph); P. D. A.	Baraboo weekly news. [volume], June 13, 1918, page 1 [11] Grant County herald. [volume], June 26, 1918, page 3 [12] Baraboo weekly news. [volume], June 13, 1918, page 7 [13]
9	before 09.05.1918	Baraboo	Wisconsin	<unknown>	High school	books	german books	HUGH KELLEY (school caretaker)	<unknown>	Baraboo weekly news. [volume], May 09, 1918, page 9 [14] Baraboo weekly news. [volume], May 30, 1918, page 10 [15]
10	at 27.02.1918	Bayfield	Wisconsin	school boiler room	High school	books	every german text book	<unknown>	<unknown>	Baraboo weekly news. [volume], February 28, 1918, page 10 [16] Grant County herald. [volume], March 06, 1918, page 6 [17]
11	before 02.05.1918	Bowling Green	Ohio	<unknown>	High school	books	german text books	students	<unknown>	The Greenville journal. [volume], May 02, 1918, page 3 [18] Fulton County tribune., May 10, 1918, page 3 [19] The Celina Democrat., May 10, 1918, page 6 [20]
12	after 16.05.1918	Bridgeton	New Jersey	<unknown>	<unknown>	books	every german text book	city council; council member Wiliam B. Holmes	school board	The Monmouth inquirer. [volume], May 16, 1918, page 6 [21]
13	at 11.05.1918	Butte	Montana	<unknown>	school library	books	every german book	school board	<unknown>	The Meridian times., May 10, 1918, page 3 [22] The Montana nonpartisan. [volume], December 21, 1918, page 4 [23]
14	at 27.04 1918	Butte	Montana	town center	school libraries; (maybe also public and private libraries)	books	every german book	MOB (presumably agitated by „Anaconda Copper Mining Company“, Butte))	libraries trustees	Daily capital journal., May 03, 1918, page 4 [24] The Montana nonpartisan. [volume], December 21, 1918, page 4 [25] The Seattle star. [volume], May 02, 1918, page 6 [26]
15	at 04.07.1918	Cape Girardeau	Missouri	<unknown>	town	books	every german literature	students	<unknown>	Monroe City Democrat., June 28, 1918, page 6 [27]
16	at 16.04.1918	Carmen	Oklahoma	<unknown>	some schools	books	every german book	students	citizens	Freie Presse für Texas. [volume], April 18, 1918, page 2 [28]
17	at 26.04.1918	Cedar Falls	Iowa	<unknown>	<unknown>	books, etc	german text books and literature	<unknown>	<unknown>	Evening times-Republican. [volume], April 25, 1918, page 2 [29]
18	after 05.04.1918	Cleveland	Ohio	<unknown>	public collection	books, documents, war screens, music, phonograph record, images	german text books, literature, war screens, music, phonograph records and pictures	MOB („movement“)	<unknown>	Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., April 05, 1918, LAST EDITION, page 5 [30] The Celina Democrat., April 12, 1918, page 4 [31]
19	at 30.04.1918	Clinton	Iowa	„north steps“ of the school	High school	books	every german book	students	fire brigade	Rock Island Argus., April 30, 1918, page 1 [32] The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume], June 15, 1918, page 11 [33]
20	before 16.05.1918	Columbus Grove	Ohio	town center	<unknown>	books	every german book	students	<unknown>	The Greenville journal. [volume], May 16, 1918, page 3 [34] Fulton County tribune., May 24, 1918, page 2 [35]
21	at 10.06.1918	Council Bluffs	Iowa	"Gibraltar"-cliff behind the school	High school	books	every german (text )book (1000 volumes)	Stymest Stevenson; school board; Company A, Iowa National Guard; Fred Duerr (student)	citizens; superintendent Saam	Omaha daily bee., June 11, 1918, page 2 [36] Evening times-Republican. [volume], May 08, 1918, page 1 [37] Rock Island Argus., May 08, 1918, page 1 [38]
22	before 24.06.1918	Council Bluffs	Iowa	school yard	town	books	german text books (thousends)	fire brigade	<unknown>	Webster City freeman. [volume], June 24, 1918, page 1 [39]
23	at 01.05.1918	Davenport	Iowa	school yard	Polk school, 1212 West Eighth street	books	german books (~ 50 reference books; value: $50)	students (4 )	<unknown>	Rock Island Argus., May 03, 1918, page 16 [40]
24	at 28.04.1918	Denison	Iowa	<unknown>	school	books	every german text book	<unknown>	<unknown>	Omaha daily bee., April 29, 1918, page 5 [41]
25	before 05.10.1918	Duluth	Minnesota	<unknown>	public collection	books	german books	citizens	<unknown>	The Duluth rip-saw. [volume], October 05, 1918, page 1 [42]
26	before 24.04.1918	East Waterloo Township	Iowa	in the streets	High school	books	german books	students	<unknown>	Evening times-Republican. [volume], April 24, 1918, page 12 [43] Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume], April 26, 1918, page 2 [44] Rock Island Argus., April 24, 1918, page 1 [45]
27	before 24.06.1918	Erick	Oklahoma	at the foot of the municipal flag pole	public collection	books	every german book (in the city)	MOB („large number of citizens and high school students“)	<unknown>	The Daily Ardmoreite. [volume], June 24, 1918, page 3 [46]
28	before 11.04.1918	FINDLAY	Ohio	<unknown>	<unknown>	books	german text books	<unknown>	music bands	The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume], April 11, 1918, page 2 [47]
29	before 18.04.1918	FINDLAY	Ohio	town center	High school and college; libraries of the citizens	books	german text books (hundreds)	citizens	citizens („hundreds“ ... and bands)	The Greenville journal. [volume], April 18, 1918, page 3 [48] Fulton County tribune., April 26, 1918, page 2 [49] The Celina Democrat., April 26, 1918, page 6 [50] Fulton County tribune., April 19, 1918, page 2 [51]
30	at 05.04.1918	Florence	Montana	<unknown>	Florence-Carlton High school	books	every german text book	students ( nearly 20 )	<unknown>	The Daily Missoulian. [volume], April 11, 1918, page 2 [52]
31	at 29.08.1918	Fort Morgan	Colorado	main street	High school	books	german text books (giant bonfire)	<unknown>	citizens (> 3000 )	El Paso herald., August 30, 1918, HOME EDITION, page 7 [53]
32	at 27.04.1918	Freeport	West Virginia	<unknown>	public schools; private libraries	books	german text books and a great amount further german works	citizens	<unknown>	The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume], May 01, 1918, page 3 [54]
33	before 25.04.1918	Fremont	Iowa	school yard	High school	books	german books	<unknown>	<unknown>	The Oskaloosa herald., April 25, 1918, page 2 [55]
34	before 30.05.1918	Garland	Wyoming	<unknown>	<unknown>	books	german text books ( 4(+) volumes)	students (4 )	Prof. J. Richards (principal of the public schools at Garland)	The Saratoga sun., May 30, 1918, page 6 [56] The Saratoga sun., June 06, 1918, page 6 [57]
35	before 30.05.1918	Garland	Wyoming	<unknown>	High school	books	every german text book	MOB („party of citizens“)	Prof. J. Richards (principal of the public schools at Garland)	The Saratoga sun., May 30, 1918, page 6 [58] The Saratoga sun., June 06, 1918, page 6 [59]
36	at 23.02.1918	Gladbrook	Iowa	city park	school library and public schools	books	every german book	<unknown>	citizens	Evening times-Republican. [volume], February 27, 1918, page 4 [60] Audubon Republican. [volume], March 07, 1918, page 7 [61]
37	at 05.03.1918	Grand Island	Nebraska	<unknown>	High school	books	german books(> 300 volumes)	<unknown>	<unknown>	Omaha daily bee., March 06, 1918, page 8 [62] Dakota County herald., March 14, 1918, page 6 [63] The Red Cloud chief. [volume], March 14, 1918, page 6 [64] The frontier., March 14, 1918, page 6 [65] The North Platte semi-weekly tribune., March 22, 1918, page 6 [66]
38	before 06.06.1918	Grantsburg	Wisconsin	<unknown>	High school	books	german text books	<unknown>	MOB („Loyalty legion of Grandsburg“ )	The Manitowoc pilot. [volume], June 06, 1918, page 3 [67] Iron County news. [volume], June 08, 1918, page 7 [68] Wausau pilot. [volume], June 11, 1918, page 2 [69]
39	at 11.04.1918	Greenfield	Iowa	<unknown>	High school	books, documents	every german (text )book; number of valuable papers	<unknown>	<unknown>	Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume], April 16, 1918, page 8 [70] Evening times-Republican. [volume], April 13, 1918, page 4 [71]
40	at 13.04.1918	Greenfield	Iowa	<unknown>	High school	songs	german songs from song books	<unknown>	<unknown>	Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume], April 16, 1918, page 8 [72]
41	before 16.07.1918	GREYBULL	Wyoming	in the streets	<unknown>	books	german text books (heaps)	<unknown>	draftees; citizens („hundreds“)	Casper daily tribune. [volume], July 16, 1918, page 3 [73]
42	at 18.03.1918	Groton	South Dakota	in front of the school building	High school	books	every german text book	students	<unknown>	The Madison daily leader. [volume], March 22, 1918, page 3 [74]
43	at 08.04.1918	Grundy Center	Iowa	<unknown>	High school	books	every german text book	students	superintendent	Evening times-Republican. [volume], April 10, 1918, page 3 [75]
44	after 12.07.1918	Hooper	Nebraska	<unknown>	some schools	books	german text books	„home guards“	a band; Dr. E. D. Hall aus Fremont	Omaha daily bee., July 12, 1918, page 4 [76] Omaha daily bee., July 14, 1918, page 5 [77]
45	at 12.05.1918	Hotchkiss	Colorado	<unknown>	High school	books	every german book	MOB („Some fellow“)	<unknown>	Gunnison news-champion. [volume], May 17, 1918, page 2 [78]
46	before 12.04.1918	Iroquois	South Dakota	<unknown>	school	books	german text books ( 25(+) volumes)	students (25 )	<unknown>	The Madison daily leader. [volume], April 12, 1918, page 2 [79] Sioux County pioneer., April 18, 1918, page 2 [80] The Kadoka press and Kadoka reporter. [volume], April 19, 1918, page 6 [81] The herald-advance., April 26, 1918, page 7 [82] The Mellette County pioneer. [volume], April 26, 1918, page 7 [83]
47	at 04.07.1918	Jackson	Missouri	<unknown>	town	books	every german literature	students	<unknown>	Monroe City Democrat., June 28, 1918, page 6 [84]
48	before 24.05.1918	Janesville	Wisconsin	in the streets	High school	books	german text books	MOB („a citizens’ committee“)	school authorities; city council	Wauwatosa news. [volume], May 24, 1918, page 1 [85] Vernon County censor. [volume], May 29, 1918, page 7 [86] Vilas County news. [volume], May 29, 1918, page 7 [87] River Falls journal. [volume], May 30, 1918, page 3 [88] Ladysmith news-budget. [volume], May 31, 1918, City Edition, page 5 [89] Eagle River review. [volume], May 31, 1918, page 2 [90] Iron County news. [volume], June 01, 1918, page 2 [91] Elko independent. [volume], June 04, 1918, page 3 [92]
49	before 13.05.1915	Johannesburg	South african Union	<unknown>	General Mining Corporation	books, documents	all the books, records and accessible papers of the company	MOB	<unknown>	Detroiter Abend-Post., May 13, 1915, page 1 [93] Evening times-Republican. [volume], May 13, 1915, page 1 [94] The daily telegram. [volume], May 13, 1915, page 13 [95] The Ogden standard. [volume], May 13, 1915, 4 P.M. City Edition, page 1 [96] Newark evening star and Newark advertiser. [volume], May 13, 1915, HOME EDITION, page 2 [97] The Bennington evening banner., May 14, 1915, page 1 [98] Omaha daily bee., May 14, 1915, page 1 [99] Grand Forks daily herald., May 14, 1915, page 10 [100] Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume], May 15, 1915, page 3 [101]
50	before 03.10.1918	Le Claire	Iowa	<unknown>	town	books	german literature (hundreds of pounds)	<unknown>	<unknown>	The Oskaloosa herald., October 03, 1918, page 3 [102]
51	before 03.10.1918	Le Claire	Iowa	<unknown>	town	books	german song books (some heaps)	<unknown>	<unknown>	The Oskaloosa herald., October 03, 1918, page 3 [103]
52	at 29.04.1918	Letts	Iowa	<unknown>	school	books	german text books	students	<unknown>	Evening times-Republican. [volume], May 03, 1918, page 3 [104]
53	at 27.03.1918	Lewistown	Montana	business destrict	High school	books	every german text book	MOB	<unknown>	The Ogden standard. [volume], March 28, 1918, 3:30 P.M. CITY EDITION, page 2 [105] The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume], March 28, 1918, page 4 [106] The Bismarck tribune. [volume], May 01, 1918, page 2 [107]
54	after 18.04.1918	Locust Grove Township	Iowa	<unknown>	german Lutherian parish	books	german song books	<unknown>	<unknown>	The Oskaloosa herald., April 18, 1918, page 1 [108]
55	at 29.04.1918	Maquoketa	Iowa	<unknown>	<unknown>	books	german books	students (18 )	<unknown>	Evening times-Republican. [volume], May 03, 1918, page 3 [109]
56	before 08.08.1918	Marinette	Wisconsin	<unknown>	Menominee High school	books	german text books	<unknown>	<unknown>	The Wahpeton times. [volume], August 08, 1918, page 6 [110] The Celina Democrat., August 09, 1918, page 5 [111] The Appeal. [volume], August 10, 1918, page 1 [112] The Fulton County news. [volume], August 15, 1918, page 3 [113] The Jasper news. [volume], August 15, 1918, page 8 [114] Cresco plain dealer., August 16, 1918, page 6 [115] The Southern herald., August 16, 1918, page 8 [116] The Keota news., August 16, 1918, page 4 [117] Perth Amboy evening news. [volume], August 16, 1918, LAST EDITION, page 6 [118] The Pleasantville press., August 17, 1918, page 5 [119] The daily star-mirror., August 17, 1918, page 4 [120] The evening current., August 19, 1918, page 2 [121] Ellsworth American. [volume], August 21, 1918, page 7 [122] The Washburn times. [volume], August 29, 1918, page 6 [123] The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume], August 29, 1918, page 4 [124] Americus times-recorder. [volume], August 30, 1918, City Edition, page 6 [125] The silver state. [volume], August 31, 1918, Page FOUR, page 4 [126] Mountain Home Republican. [volume], September 07, 1918, page 2 [127] Carrizozo outlook. [volume], September 13, 1918, page 7 [128] Orleans County monitor. [volume], October 09, 1918, page 8 [129] The Ocala evening star. [volume], October 18, 1918, page 2 [130] Monroe City Democrat., October 18, 1918, page 6 [131] The Mellette County pioneer. [volume], October 18, 1918, page 19 [132] The Mellette County pioneer. [volume], October 25, 1918, page 8 [133] The Dayton forum. [volume], November 15, 1918, page 4 [134]
57	before 18.04.1918	Maxwell	Nebraska	<unknown>	some schools	books	every german text book	MOB („Acting upon a suggestion made by tho local paper, the Telepost, citizens of Maxwell and vicinity“)	<unknown>	The Red Cloud chief. [volume], April 18, 1918, page 6 [135]
58	after 20.10.1917	Medford	Oregon	<unknown>	some schools	books	german text books (all copies of „Dawn of American History in Europe“, Prof. William Lewis Nida)	<unknown>	superintendent Hillis	The evening herald., October 20, 1917, page 1 [136] Rogue River courier., October 21, 1917, DAILY EDITION, page 1 [137] The Tacoma times. [volume], October 20, 1917, page 1 [138]
59	at 07.06.1918	Menominee	Michigan	school yard	schools	books	german text books (400 volumes)	school board	Chief Collins (FD)	The Manitowoc pilot. [volume], May 30, 1918, page 7 [139] Ladysmith news-budget. [volume], May 31, 1918, City Edition, page 5 [140] Eagle River review. [volume], May 31, 1918, page 2 [141] Iron County news. [volume], June 01, 1918, page 2 [142] Wausau pilot. [volume], June 04, 1918, page 2 [143] The Washington herald. [volume], July 01, 1918, page 4 [144] The Guthrie daily leader. [volume], April 12, 1918, HOME, page 1 [145] The Bismarck tribune. [volume], July 13, 1918, page 3 [146] The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume], July 13, 1918, page 9 [147] Licking Valley courier. [volume], July 18, 1918, page 1 [148]
60	at 17.06.1918	Menominee	Michigan	school yards	public schools; (suggested: public collection)	books, phonograph records, pictures	german text books; (private german books, phonograph records and pictures)	school board; (all citizens)	parade visitors; a band; Number of soldiers from Menominee; Chief Collins (FD)	Grand Forks herald. [volume], June 17, 1918, page 5 [149] The Bismarck tribune. [volume], July 13, 1918, page 3 [150] The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume], July 13, 1918, page 9 [151] Licking Valley courier. [volume], July 18, 1918, page 1 [152]
61	before 08.02.1918	Milford	Nebraska	school yard	school	books	every german book	<unknown>	<unknown>	The courier-index., February 08, 1918, page 11 [153]
62	after 12.07.1918	Monroe	Wisconsin	<unknown>	school(s)	books	every german book	school board	citizens („thousends“)	Wauwatosa news. [volume], July 12, 1918, page 1 [154] Eagle River review. [volume], July 12, 1918, page 2 [155] Iron County news. [volume], July 13, 1918, page 2 [156] Wausau pilot. [volume], July 16, 1918, page 2 [157] Vernon County censor. [volume], July 17, 1918, page 6 [158] Vilas County news. [volume], July 17, 1918, page 6 [159]
63	at 18.02.1918	Montezuma	Iowa	<unknown>	High school	books	every german text book	students	<unknown>	Evening times-Republican. [volume], February 19, 1918, page 1 [160]
64	before 13.04.1918	Moose Lake	Minnesota	<unknown>	High school	books	every german text book	<unknown>	<unknown>	The Washington herald. [volume], April 13, 1918, page 1 [161] Washington Journal. [volume], April 19, 1918, page 8 [162]
65	at 28.04.1918	Mountain Grove	Missouri	<unknown>	school	books	every german text book	students	war exhibit train	The Evening Missourian. [volume], April 29, 1918, page 4 [163]
66	at 09.05.1918	North Platt	Nebraska	building lot in the citys south	High school	books	german text books (700 pieces)	MOB („score of citizens“)	<unknown>	Omaha daily bee., May 11, 1918, NEWS SECTION, page 4 [164]
67	before 18.04.1918	Norwalk	Ohio	central square	High school	books	german books	students (75)	<unknown>	The Greenville journal. [volume], April 18, 1918, page 3 [165] Fulton County tribune., April 26, 1918, page 2 [166] The Celina Democrat., April 26, 1918, page 6 [167]
68	at 17.07.1918	Norwich	New York	<unknown>	High school	books, etc	every german book and trinket	James E. Hawkhurst; Roscoe Merrill; J. A. Tarte.	<unknown>	New-York tribune. [volume], July 18, 1918, page 5 [168]
69	before 21.05.1918	Oakland	Nebraska	central square	<unknown>	books	every german text book	<unknown>	Home Guards	Omaha daily bee., May 21, 1918, page 4 [169]
70	before 02.01.1918	Pittsburgh	Pennsylvania	<unknown>	public schools	books	german text books (value: $3,500)	school board	superintendent W.M. Davidson	The sun. [volume], January 03, 1918, page 8 [170]
71	before 11.04.1918	Port Clinton	Ohio	<unknown>	<unknown>	books	every german book	students	<unknown>	The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume], April 11, 1918, page 2 [171]
72	at 11.04.1918	Proctor	Minnesota	<unknown>	High school; Großloge	books, songs	every german book; german songs in song books	MOB („about 200 citizens of Proctor“)	Constable McTaggart	The Duluth rip-saw. [volume], April 20, 1918, page 3 [172]
73	before 15.04.1916	provinces; small towns	France	french provinces	public libraries	books	every german book	towns authorities	<unknown>	El Paso herald., April 15, 1916, HOME EDITION, Cable News and Auto Section, page 15 [173]
74	at 11.11.1918	Putnam	Connecticut	<unknown>	<unknown>	books	german text book („"Im Vaterland” 1910 Paul Valentine Bacon“; a number of)	MOB („Representatives of each school“)	students(all; nearly 1000); Victory Day parade visitors; bad of volunteers; Number of boy scouts; Fr. Routhier. principle of St. Mary’s school; lawyer E. H Johnson (school board member); Mr. Green from Lowrence (worker in the “United War Work campaign“)	Putnam patriot. [volume], November 15, 1918, page 6 [174]
75	at 04.02.1918	Richmond	Indiana	before the school building (near Eighth and Main street)	<unknown>	books, documents	German books and documents (great number)	<unknown>	citizens („thousends“, attendees of the local war conference)	The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume], February 05, 1918, page 1 [175] South Bend news-times., February 06, 1918, EVENING EDITION, page 3 [176]
76	after 03.04.1918	Roberts	Wisconsin	<unknown>	school	books	every German text book	school board	schools principal	Grant County herald. [volume], April 03, 1918, page 6 [177]
77	before 14.08.1917	São Paulo	Brasilien	<unknown>	„Diario Allemao" ("German News Paper"; ger.:"Deutsche Zeitung")	books	every german book (the big anthologies too)	MOB	<unknown>	Tägliche Omaha tribüne. [volume], August 14, 1917, page 7 [178]
78	at 18.04.1918	Sedgwick County	Colorado	<unknown>	High school	books, etc	every german book and every german literature	news paper „Grit-Advocate“	<unknown>	The Julesburg grit-advocate., April 18, 1918, page 2 [179]
79	at 04.07.1918	Shawnee	Oklahoma	<unknown>	school library	books	german books and literatur	superintendent R. H. Wilson	superintendents of city and county	Tulsa daily world. [volume], July 03, 1918, FINAL EDITION, page 2 [180]
80	before 11.04.1918	SHELBY	West Virginia	<unknown>	<unknown>	books	german text books	students	<unknown>	The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume], April 11, 1918, page 2 [181]
81	before 10.04.1918	Shell Lake	Wisconsin	on public square	High schools	books	every german text book	citizens	children	Grant County herald. [volume], April 10, 1918, page 4 [182] The Manitowoc pilot. [volume], April 11, 1918, page 7 [183]
82	at 29.04.1918	Sioux City	Iowa	athletic field	Music-conservatory of Morningside college	books	german song books (nearly 100 volumes)	students	<unknown>	Rock Island Argus., April 30, 1918, page 1 [184] The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume], June 15, 1918, page 9 [185] Webster City freeman. [volume], May 13, 1918, page 2 [186] The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume], May 01, 1918, page 6 [187] Omaha daily bee., May 01, 1918, page 14 [188] Luxemburger gazette. [volume], May 16, 1918, page 9 [189]
83	before 10.04.1918	Spooner	Wisconsin	on public square	High schools	books	every german text book	citizens	children	Grant County herald. [volume], April 10, 1918, page 4 [190] The Manitowoc pilot. [volume], April 11, 1918, page 7 [191]
84	at 12.03.1918	State Center	Iowa	school yard	High school	books	every german text book	students (15 or 20)	<unknown>	Evening times-Republican. [volume], March 13, 1918, page 8 [192]
85	at 19.03.1918	State Center	Iowa	school yard	High school	books	german text books	students (15 or 20)	<unknown>	Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume], March 22, 1918, page 4 [193]
86	at 23.04.1918	Stratford	Iowa	<unknown>	school	books, etc	german text books (all leftovers: text books, dictionaries, every german book/document/note book )	students	president Dr. M. A. Beach of the school board	Webster City freeman. [volume], April 29, 1918, page 4 [194]
87	at 24.04.1918	Stratford	Iowa	<unknown>	school	books	german text books (a number)	students	president Dr. M. A. Beach of the school board	Webster City freeman. [volume], April 29, 1918, page 4 [195]
88	before 29.04.1918	Susquehanna	Maryland	college yard	college	books, songs	every german text book; every german music	students	Misses Swartz, McCormick and Reinhold	The daily banner., April 29, 1918, page 4 [196]
89	at 26.05.1918	Sutherland	Nebraska	<unknown>	some schools	books	every german text book	citizens	Sergeant Stephens ; James . A. Eastwood, local leader of the Four-Minute Men; Trommlerbands. Mothers of soldiers, civil war veterans, Red Cross; Yankee Girls; Rev. C. Newkirk; Richter J. G. Beeler from North Platte. ; Menge von 1500	Omaha daily bee., May 27, 1918, page 3 [197]
90	at 20.12.1917	Terre Haute	Indiana	<unknown>	city library	books	„all books (with "attitude of the teutonic autocracy")“	President W. W. Parsons of the Indiana State Normal School	school board	The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume], December 20, 1917, page 1 [198]
91	before 25.04.1918	Wellsburg	West Virginia	<unknown>	High schools	books	german text books	<unknown>	<unknown>	The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume], April 25, 1918, page 6 [199]
92	at 07.08.1918	Westby	Wisconsin	<unknown>	school	books	every german book	<unknown>	Soldaten	Baraboo weekly news. [volume], August 08, 1918, page 8 [200] Grant County herald. [volume], August 28, 1918, page 3 [201]
93	at 17.03.1918	Wheaton	Minnesota	<unknown>	High school	books	every german text book	<unknown>	<unknown>	Grand Forks herald. [volume], March 18, 1918, page 5 [202] The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume], March 18, 1918, page 1 [203]
94	before 17.05.1918	Wilmington	Delaware	Baugelände	private library of Mrs. William E. Day	books	german books(many)	Mrs. William E. Day	<unknown>	Elko independent. [volume], May 17, 1918, page 1 [204] Richmond times-dispatch. [volume], May 19, 1918, page 31 [205]
95	after 07.02.1916	Windsor	Canada	<unknown>	city library	books	every german book	MOB („deputation of border city patriots“)	Andrew Baird, (sekretary of the school board)	The Detroit times. [volume], February 07, 1916, LAST EDITION, page 2 [206]
96	before 17.06.1918	Woodstown	New Jersey	school yard	Central High school	books	german text books (Riesenfeuer)	students	<unknown>	Alexandria gazette. [volume], June 17, 1918, page 1 [207]
97	at 26.04.1918	Tuscarawas County	Ohio	Courthouse	High school,public collection	books	german text books (500 volumes)	students	citizens (2000; incl. 800 students), "New Philadelphia High boys’ Band", lawyer Henry Bowers	http://www.timesreporter.com/local_news/x47243802/Anti-German-sentiments-ran-high-in-1918 Archived 2011-12-22 at the Wayback Machine^[1]

References

^ Quelle Tuscarawas County(Ohio)-incident

[1] Quelle Tuscarawas County(Ohio)-incident

[1]