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2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

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2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed24 May 2024
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameRemal
 • Maximum winds110 km/h (70 mph)
(3-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure978 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Depressions11
Deep depressions7
Cyclonic storms3
Severe cyclonic storms2
Total fatalities253 total
Total damage$630 million (2024 USD)
Related articles
North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons
2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

The 2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It has been unreasonably less active in terms of formation of cyclonic storms.[1] The season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with the peak from May to Early November. These dates conventionally delimit each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.

The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD.

The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. On average, three to four cyclonic storms form in this basin every season.[2]

Season summary

[edit]
Cyclone DanaDeep Depression BOB 05 (2024)Cyclone AsnaCyclone Remal

Systems

[edit]

Severe Cyclonic Storm Remal

[edit]
Severe cyclonic storm (IMD)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration24 May – 28 May
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (3-min);
978 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Remal

After four months of inactivity, on 21 May, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) began monitoring a cyclonic circulation in the Bay of Bengal.[3] Later that day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) would also begin tracking the system, noting that it was likely to become a monsoon depression.[4] The next day, the IMD noted that a low-pressure area had formed adjacent to the cyclonic circulation.[5] Late on 23 May, the IMD upgraded the system into a well-marked low, stating that it was rapidly coalescing.[6] The next day, the IMD stated that the depression formed in the Bay of Bengal, designating it as BOB 01.[7] Subsequently, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA), noting the depression's broad circulation center and its improving rainbands.[8] The next day, BOB 01 intensified into a deep depression.[9] The JTWC would recognize the system as a cyclone, designating it as 01B.[10] Soon after, the depression intensified into a cyclonic storm, causing the IMD to name it Remal.[11] On 26 May, Remal intensified into a severe cyclonic storm with 3-minute sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). Due to favourable conditions, including high sea surface temperatures over northern Bay of Bengal and low wind shear, Remal intensified further with wind speeds reaching 110 km/h. It made landfall over Bangladesh and adjoining West Bengal on the night of 26 May. Landfall process had been completed by the morning of 27 May and had weakened into a cyclonic storm.

Depression BOB 02

[edit]
Depression (IMD)
 
Duration19 July – 20 July
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);
990 hPa (mbar)

On 19 July, IMD marked an area of low pressure off the coast of Odisha. The disturbance was later upgraded into a depression, designated as BOB 02.[12] The disturbance later moved inland, weakened back into a low-pressure area.[13]

Deep Depression LAND 01

[edit]
Deep depression (IMD)
 
Duration2 August – 6 August
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min);
995 hPa (mbar)

On 31 July, a cyclonic circulation formed over Gangetic West Bengal. Tracking westward, on 2 August, the disturbance developed into a depression. Two days later, it intensified further, becoming a deep depression over southwest Bihar.[14] Continuing its westward track, on 5 August, the system weakened into a depression.[15] It dissipated the next day.[16]

Due to the westward shift of the monsoon trough, the depression formed on land instead of the usual formation in the Bay of Bengal.[17]

As a result of the depression, Dum Dum in Kolkata received 100 millimetres (3.9 in) of rain on 3 August.[18]

Cyclonic Storm Asna

[edit]
Cyclonic storm (IMD)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration25 August – 3 September
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (3-min);
988 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Asna

On 24 August, a cyclonic circulation formed over Madhya and Uttar Pradesh. Early the next day, on 25 August, the IMD noted that it had developed into a land depression over Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.[19] Later that day, the depression intensified into a deep depression southeast of Udaipur.[20] On 27 August, the JTWC began tracking the deep depression, noting that it was in a marginal environment for development.[21] Two days later, on 29 August, they issued a TCFA on the developing depression,[22] prior to designating it as Tropical Cyclone 02A early the next day.[23] Later that same day, on 30 August, the IMD upgraded it into a cyclonic storm, naming it Asna.[a][25][26] It further moved into the Arabian Sea.[27] On 1 September, Asna was stripped of any convection due to dry air entrainment and degenerated to a remnant low.[28]

Many parts of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh were flooded due to heavy rains from the storm. p to 260 mm (10 in) of rain fell in Vadodara and Ahmedabad recorded 120 mm (4.7 in) of rainfall.[29][30] Flooding in Gujarat killed 49 people.[31][32] An initial survey reported that the Government of Gujarat suffered damages worth more than ₹250 crore (US$30 million) to government properties and public infrastructure.[33]

Depression BOB 03

[edit]
Depression (IMD)
 
Duration31 August – 2 September
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);
996 hPa (mbar)

On 29 August, the IMD marked an area of low pressure in the Bay of Bengal. Two days later, early on 31 August, the IMD upgraded it into a depression, designated as BOB 03, off the coast of Andhra Pradesh. It made landfall that same day before weakening back to a low pressure inland.

27 deaths from rain related incidents were recorded in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.[34]

Deep Depression BOB 04

[edit]
Deep depression (IMD)
 
Duration7 September – 13 September
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min);
990 hPa (mbar)

Late on 5 September, the IMD marked an area of low pressure in the Bay of Bengal. On 7 September, it got upgraded to a depression by the IMD and marked as Invest 92B by the JTWC. Then, on 8 September, it got upgraded to a deep depression off the coast of Odisha. On 9 September, the deep depression made landfall in Odisha and weakened back down to a prominent low pressure system. Two days later, the IMD reupgraded the system into a depression over Madhya Pradesh. On 13 September, the depression finally dissipated over northwest Uttar Pradesh.

Deep Depression BOB 05

[edit]
Deep depression (IMD)
 
Duration13 September – 18 September
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min);
989 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Deep Depression BOB 05 (2024)

After degenerating into a remnant low, the weak remnants of Typhoon Yagi would begin tracking towards the North Indian Ocean,[35] causing the IMD to start tracking it as a cyclonic circulation over Myanmar on 11 September.[36] This disturbance would coalesce into a low-pressure area the next day,[37] further developing into a well-marked low-pressure just a few hours later.[38] Soon after, it developed into a depression.[39] Early the next morning, it became a deep depression over Bangladesh and West Bengal.[40] On 15 September, it weakened back down to a depression as it slowly moved westwards over western India.

Due to heavy rain from this system, seven people were killed by landslides in Cox's Bazar District.[41] Five fishermen also died[42] and over 500 more went missing in the district.[43] In Cox's Bazar, 378 mm (14.9 in) of rain was recorded within a 12-hour period from 11 to 12 September.[44] These heavy rains resulted in the flooding of over 200 villages within seven upazilas of the district.[42] Another 11 people were killed by flooding in Noakhali District,[45] where 100 fishermen went missing. Additionally, two people were killed when a boat capsized in Jagannathpur Upazila.[46] In India, heavy rains lashed Kolkata and West Bengal. 72.4 mm (2.85 in) of rain was recorded over a 24-hour period, with a total of 125.8 mm (4.95 in) was recorded in Kolkata.[47]

Due to the heavy rains, the Damodar Valley Corporation released more than 3.5 lakh cusec of water from its dams, resulting in inundation of Birbhum, Bankura, Howrah, Hooghly, North and South 24 Parganas, Purba and Paschim Medinipur, and Paschim Bardhaman districts of West Bengal. 28 people were killed due to these floods and 25,000 people had to moved to safer areas.[48]

Depression ARB 01

[edit]
Depression (IMD)
 
Duration13 October – 15 October
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)

On 11 October, the IMD marked an area of low pressure in the Arabian Sea. Two days later, late on 13 October, the IMD upgraded it into a depression, designated as ARB 01. On 15 October, it degenerated back to a low pressure due to increased dry air making it more disorganized. Later that same day, it stalled over the coast of Oman before dissipating.

Depression BOB 06

[edit]
Depression (IMD)
 
Duration15 October – 17 October
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min);
1002 hPa (mbar)

On 14 October, a well marked low pressure area formed in the south of the Bay of Bengal. The IMD upgraded it to a depression, designating it as BOB 06, early on 15 October as it moved west-northwestwards before making landfall in Andhra Pradesh on 17 October at 04:30 IST. It weakened further into a low pressure area as it moved north-westwards into India and dissipated. [49]

In the wake of this system, heavy rains slashed Puducherry, Chennai and other parts of Andhra Pradesh, bringing these areas to a standstill. Bengaluru and its adjoining areas too received heavy rainfall. Residential neighbourhoods and roads were inundated with knee-deep water, causing widespread disruptions to daily life. The relentless downpour led to traffic congestion, crippled public transportation services, and forced the cancellation of several flights. The Southern Railway announced the cancellation and diversion of several trains due to waterlogging. [50]

Severe Cyclonic Storm Dana

[edit]
Severe cyclonic storm (IMD)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration22 October – 26 October
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (3-min);
984 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Dana

A low pressure area formed in the south Bay of Bengal at 23:30 IST on October 20. It moved northwestwards and formed a well marked low pressure area at 11:30 IST on October 21. It concentrated into a depression at 05:30 IST on October 22, 770 km south-southeast of Sagar Island.[51] At 16:30 IST, JTWC issued a TCFA on the depression. By 17:30 IST, it had consolidated into a deep depression and was 740 km south-southeast of Sagar Island, moving in a west-northwestern direction at a speed of 7 km/h.[52] Over the next 6 hours, it intensified into cyclonic storm Dana[b] (/ˈdɑːnə/); moving with a speed of 18 km/h and lay centered 630 km from of Sagar Island at 05:30 IST of October 23. It further intesified into a severe cyclonic storm at 23:30 IST; moving at a speed of 15 km/h and lay centered about 420 km from Sagar Island. [54]The storm made landfall between 23:30 IST of October 24 and 08:30 IST of October 25 close to Habalikhati Nature Camp (Bhitarkanika) and Dhamra Port on the Odisha Coast, subsequently weakening into a cyclonic storm. [55] It weakened further into a deep depression with wind speeds of 55 km/h and gusts of 75 km/h and at 14:30 IST it was 40 km north-northwest of Bhadrak.[56] Then it weakened into a depression about 70 km east-southeast of Keonjhar at 23:30 IST and remained stationary over that area, weakening further into a remnant low and dissipated.[57]

Deep Depression BOB 08

[edit]
Deep depression (IMD)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
Duration25 November – Present
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min);
999 hPa (mbar)

An area of thunderstorms and convection over eastern equatorial Indian Ocean formed on November 21, which was designated as Invest 99B by the JTWC. Initially, the system struggled to consolidate with convection spread from the Malay Peninsula all the way till Sri Lanka. Subsequently, it organised itself into a low-pressure area over Southeast Bay of Bengal on November 23.[58] By November 24, it intensified into a well-marked low pressure area. It intensified further into a depression on November 25, moving northwestwards towards Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka coast.[59]On 26 November at 01:30 IST, JTWC issued it a TCFA on the depression. On the same day, in southwestern parts of Bay of Bengal, it intensified further into a deep depression, later moving into Sri Lanka. It continued moving parallel to the Coromandel coast and by 27 November, it was located 490 km south-southeast of Chennai.[60] The JTWC noted that the system showed highly disorganized but persistent areas of convection. It was in a marginal environment for further intensification with high vertical wind shear just northeast of Sri Lanka and it would struggle to intensify further. [61] On 28 November, the system maintained its intensity and moved north-northwestwards at a speed of 9 Km/h and was 430 Km away from Chennai. [62]

In Sri Lanka, flooding affected 330,894 people, killing 12 and leaving two more missing, most of them in Ampara District. The depression also destroyed 82 homes and damaged 1,465 others.[63]

Storm names

[edit]

Within this basin, a tropical cyclone is assigned a name when it is judged to have reached cyclonic storm intensity with winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). The names were selected by a new list from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in New Delhi by mid-2020.[64] There is no retirement of tropical cyclone names in this basin as the list of names is only scheduled to be used once before a new list of names is drawn up. Should a named tropical cyclone move into the basin from other basins, then it will retain its original name. The next five available names from the list of North Indian Ocean storm names are below.[65]

  • Shakhti (unused)
  • Montha (unused)
  • Senyar (unused)
  • Ditwah (unused)

Season effects

[edit]

This is a table of all storms in the 2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, duration, peak intensities according to the IMD storm scale, damage, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low. All of the damage figures are in 2024 USD.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Remal 24–28 May Severe cyclonic storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) India (Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Northeast India), Bangladesh, Myanmar $600 million 84 [66]
BOB 02 19–20 July Depression 45 km/h (30 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Odisha None None
LAND 01 2–6 August Deep depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan None None
Asna 25 August – 3 September Cyclonic storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Pakistan $30 million 73 [33]
BOB 03 31 August – 2 September Depression 45 km/h (30 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha None 27
BOB 04 7–13 September Deep depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh None None
BOB 05 13–18 September Deep depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) Bangladesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh None 50 (350 missing)
ARB 01 13–15 October Depression 45 km/h (30 mph) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Oman None None
BOB 06 15–17 October Depression 45 km/h (30 mph) 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry, Karnataka None None
Dana 22 October–26 October Severe cyclonic storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Bangladesh Minimal 7
BOB 08 25 November–Present Deep depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh Unknown 12
Season aggregates
11 systems 24 May – Season ongoing 110 km/h (70 mph) 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) $630 million 253

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The name Asna was provided by Pakistan, which means the one to be acknowledged or praised in Urdu.[24]
  2. ^ The name Dana, was suggested by Qatar, which is an Arabic word meaning "generosity". It holds cultural significance in Arabic culture, signifying ‘the most perfectly sized, valuable, and beautiful pearl.’[53]

References

[edit]
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  42. ^ a b "5 fishermen die, 70 go missing due to inclement weather in Cox's Bazar". The Business Standard. 14 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  43. ^ "বঙ্গোপসাগরে ট্রলারডুবি: নিখোঁজ ৫ শতাধিক জেলে, ২ জনের মৃত্যু". Amader Shomoy (in Bengali). 14 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
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  62. ^ "Deep Depression over southwest Bay of Bengal". IMD.
  63. ^ "ආපදා මරණ 12ක්" (in Sinhala). Ada Derana. 28 November 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
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  65. ^ "Naming of Tropical Cyclones over the North Indian Ocean" (PDF). rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in. New, Delhi: India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  66. ^ "Cyclone Remal causes death and damage in Bangladesh, India". dw.com. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
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