View source for Women in the United States Senate

{{short description|none}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{United States Senate}}

This article covers the history of '''women in the United States Senate''' and various milestones achieved by female senators. It includes a list of all women who have served in the Senate, a list of current female senators, and a list of states represented by women in the Senate. The first female U.S. senator, [[Rebecca Latimer Felton]], represented [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] for a single day in 1922, and the first woman elected to the Senate, [[Hattie Caraway]], was elected from [[Arkansas]] in 1932. Since its establishment in 1789, 60 women have served in the upper house of the [[United States Congress]]. As of October 3, 2023, there are 25 women (15 Democrats, 9 Republicans, and 1 Independent) serving as U.S. senators out of 100 possible seats. Additionally, [[Kamala Harris]] as [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] serves as [[President of the United States Senate|President of the Senate]].

[[Nancy Kassebaum]] (born July 29, 1932) is currently the oldest living former female member of the Senate at the age of {{age in years|1932|07|29}}.

==History==
[[File:Rebecca Felton - desk.jpg|right|thumb| [[Rebecca Latimer Felton]] (D-Georgia), the first female member of the United States Senate, who served for a single day in 1922.]]
[[File:Yearofthewoman.jpg|thumb|One woman ([[Barbara Mikulski]]) was reelected and four women were [[1992 United States Senate elections|elected to the Senate]] in 1992, the "[[Year of the Woman]]," Left to right: Senators [[Patty Murray|Murray]], [[Carol Moseley Braun|Moseley Braun]], Mikulski, [[Dianne Feinstein|Feinstein]], and [[Barbara Boxer|Boxer]].]]
<!-- [[File:Women United States Senators in 1997.jpg|thumb|Eight women senators meet in 1997. Left to right: Senators Murray, [[Susan Collins|Collins]], [[Olympia Snowe|Snowe]], Moseley Braun, [[Kay Bailey Hutchison|Hutchison]], Mikulski, [[Mary Landrieu|Landrieu]], and Feinstein.]] -->
[[File:Senate women March 2009.jpg|right|thumb|By the [[111th United States Congress]] (2009–2011), the number of female senators had increased to 17, including 4 Republicans and 13 Democrats<!--<br/>Left to right:<br>Standing: [[Lisa Murkowski|Murkowski]], [[Blanche Lincoln|Lincoln]], [[Claire McCaskill|McCaskill]], [[Debbie Stabenow|Stabenow]], [[Maria Cantwell|Cantwell]], [[Kirsten Gillibrand|Gillibrand]], [[Kay Bailey Hutchison|Hutchison]], [[Barbara Mikulski|Mikulski]], [[Patty Murray|Murray]], [[Mary Landrieu|Landrieu]], [[Barbara Boxer|Boxer]], [[Olympia Snowe|Snowe]]<br>Seated: [[Kay Hagan|Hagan]], [[Dianne Feinstein|Feinstein]], [[Jeanne Shaheen|Shaheen]], [[Susan Collins|Collins]], [[Amy Klobuchar|Klobuchar]]-->]]
For its first 130 years in existence, the Senate's membership was entirely male. Until [[1920 United States Senate elections|1920]], few women ran for the Senate. Until the 1990s, very few were elected. This paucity of women was due to many factors, including the lack of [[women's suffrage]] in many states until the ratification of the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]], women's limited access to higher education until the mid-1900s, public perceptions of gender roles, and barriers to women's advancement such as [[sex discrimination]].

The first woman nominated for the Senate (by a party caucus before 1913 when the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] established popular elections for Senators) was in Wyoming, where women had had the vote since 1869. [[Mary Jane Bartlett]] was nominated in 1893 by the Wyoming [[People's Party (United States)|Populists]]. She received six votes on a number of ballots in the legislature.<ref>https://places.wyo.gov/explore-more/exhibits/statehood-celebration/speeches/mrs-i-s-bartlett-final "Mrs. I. S. Bartlett", Wyoming Places, Wyoming State Library</ref><ref>''History of Wyoming'', Volume I, Ichabod S. Bartlett (editor), Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1918, p. 222.</ref>

The first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate was [[Rebecca Latimer Felton]]; she represented [[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]] for one day in 1922. Ten years later, [[Hattie Caraway]] became the first woman to win election to the Senate, representing [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]. In 1949, [[Margaret Chase Smith]] began her service in the Senate; she was the first woman to serve in both the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] and Senate. Her [[1960 United States Senate elections|1960]] reelection bid resulted in Chase Smith winning the nation's first-ever United States Senate election with two female major party nominees. In 1972, [[Elaine Edwards]] was appointed as the first Catholic woman in the Senate by her husband, the [[Governor of Louisiana]], while she was Louisiana's First Lady; she retired after three months. In 1978, [[Muriel Humphrey]] became the first and only [[Second Lady of the United States|Second Lady]] to serve in the United States Senate, after [[Hubert Humphrey]]'s unexpected death in office. Humphrey Brown was appointed by the [[Governor of Minnesota]] to fill her late husband's Senate seat; she served for less than one year and did not seek to be elected to her husband's seat.

In 1978, [[Nancy Kassebaum]] became the first woman ever elected to a full term in the Senate, representing [[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]], without her husband having previously served in Congress.<ref group="n">
Of the female senators who preceded Kassebaum:
[[Rebecca Latimer Felton]], [[Rose McConnell Long]], [[Dixie Bibb Graves]], [[Vera C. Bushfield]], [[Eva Bowring]], [[Elaine S. Edwards]], [[Muriel Humphrey]], and [[Maryon Pittman Allen]] were all appointed and were never elected; [[Gladys Pyle]] (R-SD) and [[Hazel Abel]] (R-NE), were elected, but not to full terms (i.e., to complete terms where the previous senator had died or resigned, not to new six-year terms); [[Hattie Caraway]] and [[Maurine Brown Neuberger]] were both elected to full six-year terms, but their husbands had held the seat previously. [[Margaret Chase Smith]]'s (R-ME) husband never served in the Senate, but he did serve in the House. When he died, Margaret won the ensuing election. Of the appointed senators, Long, Bushfield, Humphrey, and Allen were all appointed to fill out part of the terms of their deceased husbands, while Graves and Edwards were appointed by their husbands, the governor of their states at the time. However, Kassebaum's [[Alf Landon|father]] was a former governor of Kansas, which means that the first woman to be elected to the Senate without any family connections was [[Paula Hawkins (politician)|Paula Hawkins]], who was elected in 1980 to represent Florida.</ref> Since the beginning of Kassebaum's service in December 1978, there has always been at least one woman in the Senate. The first woman to be elected to the Senate without any family connections was Florida Republican  [[Paula Hawkins (politician)|Paula Hawkins]], elected in [[1980 United States Senate election in Florida|1980]]. She was also the first and, to date, only female member of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] elected to the United States Senate. In 1990, there were still few women in the Senate as compared to the number of women in the House. The trend of few women in the Senate began to change in the wake of the [[Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination]] hearings and the subsequent election of the [[103rd United States Congress]] in [[1992 United States Senate election|1992]], which was dubbed the "[[Year of the Woman]]."<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.Senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/year_of_the_woman.htm|title=Year of the Woman| website=U.S. Senate}}</ref> [[Barbara Mikulski]] was reelected and four new Democratic women were elected to the Senate. They were [[Patty Murray]] of [[List of United States senators from Washington|Washington]], [[Carol Moseley Braun]] of [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]], [[Dianne Feinstein]] of [[List of United States senators from California|California]], and [[Barbara Boxer]] of California. [[Carol Moseley Braun]] was the first [[person of color|woman of color]] to serve in the Senate and the first woman to defeat an incumbent senator after she won the 1992 Democratic primary election over [[Alan J. Dixon]]. Later in 1992, Feinstein was the first woman to defeat an incumbent senator from a different party when she defeated [[John F. Seymour|John Seymour]] in a special election. Feinstein entered the Senate the same year as the first female Jewish senator.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://jwa.org/blog/jewesses-in-politics-represent |title=Jewesses in politics represent! |publisher=Jewish Women's Archive |date=November 5, 2002 |access-date=April 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="congress1">{{cite web| url=https://www.congress.gov/member/dianne-feinstein/F000062 |title=Dianne Feinstein |publisher=Congress.gov |access-date=April 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="congress2">{{cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/member/barbara-boxer/B000711 |title=Barbara Boxer |publisher=Congress.gov |access-date=April 27, 2018}}</ref>

Bathroom facilities for women in the Senate on the [[United States Capitol|Senate chamber]] level were first provided in 1992.<ref name="Plaskow">
{{cite journal |last=Plaskow |first=Judith |date=July 8, 2008 |title=Embodiment, Elimination, and the Role of Toilets in Struggles for Social Justice |journal=Cross Currents |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=51–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1939-3881.2008.00004.x}}
</ref> Women were not allowed to wear pants on the Senate floor until 1993.<ref name="chicagotribune2004">{{cite web|author=Robin Givhan| url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2004/01/21/moseley-braun-lady-in-red/ |title=Moseley Braun: Lady in red |work=Chicago Tribune |date=January 21, 2004 |access-date=July 30, 2014}}</ref><ref name="rollcall1">{{cite web|last=Cooper |first=Kent |url=http://www.rollcall.com/features/50th-Anniversary_2005/fifty_anniversary/-9592-1.html |title=The Long and Short of Capitol Style : Roll Call Special Features 50th Anniversary |publisher=Rollcall.com |date=June 9, 2005 |access-date=July 30, 2014}}</ref> In 1993, Senators [[Barbara Mikulski]] and [[Carol Moseley Braun]] wore pants onto the floor in defiance of the rule, and female support staff followed soon after, with the rule being amended later that year by Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Martha Pope to allow women to wear pants on the floor so long as they also wore a jacket.<ref name="chicagotribune2004"/><ref name="rollcall1"/>

The first time two female senators from the same state served concurrently was beginning in 1993; [[Dianne Feinstein]] and [[Barbara Boxer]] (both D-CA) were both elected in 1992, with Feinstein taking office that same year (as the result of a special election) and Boxer taking office in 1993; Boxer served until 2016, when she retired, and Feinstein was joined by [[Kamala Harris]]. In June 1993, [[Kay Bailey Hutchison]] won a special election in Texas, and joined Kassebaum as a fellow female {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}} senator. These additions significantly diminished the popular perception of the Senate as an exclusive "boys' club". Since 1992, there has been at least one new woman elected to the Senate every two years, with the exception of [[2004 United States Senate elections|2004]] (Lisa Murkowski was elected for the first time in 2004, but had been appointed to the seat since 2002).

[[File:Female senators DNC 2008.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|Eight Democratic women senators appear at the [[2008 Democratic National Convention|2008 Democratic Convention]] in Denver. It has become a tradition at Democratic conventions for incumbent women senators to appear on opening night.]][[Olympia Snowe]] of [[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]] arrived in the Senate in 1995, having previously served in the [[United States House of Representatives|US House of Representatives]] and both houses of the [[Maine state legislature]]. She and later [[Debbie Stabenow]] of [[Michigan]], [[Kyrsten Sinema]] of [[Arizona]], and [[Cynthia Lummis]] of [[Wyoming]] are the only women to have served in both houses of a state legislature and both houses of the federal legislature. In 2000, Stabenow and [[Maria Cantwell]] became the first women to defeat incumbent ''elected'' senators in a general election, unseating Senators [[Spencer Abraham]] and [[Slade Gorton]] respectively.<ref group="n">[[Bob Krueger]] and [[John F. Seymour]], defeated by Kay Bailey Hutchison and Dianne Feinstein respectively, were appointed to the Senate by the governors of their states.</ref> [[Hillary Clinton]] is the first and only [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] to run for or win a Senate seat. Clinton joined the Senate in 2001, becoming the first female senator from [[List of United States senators from New York|New York]], and served until 2009, when she resigned to become the 67th [[United States Secretary of State]], under [[President of the United States|President]] [[Barack Obama]]. She was replaced by [[Kirsten Gillibrand]], who has been elected three times and was herself a candidate for president in the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries]].

In 2008, [[Kay Hagan]] became the first woman to unseat a female incumbent, [[Elizabeth Dole]]. Upon the opening of the [[112th United States Congress]] in 2011, New Hampshire Democrat [[Jeanne Shaheen]] was joined by newly elected Republican [[Kelly Ayotte]], making up the first Senate delegation of two women belonging to different parties.

In November 2022, Dianne Feinstein became the longest-serving female senator in history,<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/01/barbara-mikulski-becomes-longest-serving-female-senator/68929/|title=Barbara Mikulski Becomes Longest-Serving Female Senator| first=Garance| last=Franke-Ruta|date=January 5, 2011|website=The Atlantic}}</ref> surpassing Barbara Mikulski,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography|title=Biography|website=Dianne Feinstein United States Senator for California|access-date=January 24, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.marylandmatters.org/blog/capitol-meeting-room-named-in-honor-of-marylands-first-female-u-s-senator/|title=Capitol Meeting Room Named in Honor of Maryland's First Female U.S. Senator| first=Danielle E.|last=Gaines|work=Maryland Matters|date=December 17, 2020}}</ref> having served for 30 years.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/passing-the-torch-mikulski-says-goodbye-to-the-senate-after-30-years/2016/12/12/0899821e-bbd3-11e6-91ee-1adddfe36cbe_story.html|title=Passing the torch: Mikulski says goodbye to the Senate|first=Paul| last=Schwartzman| date=December 12, 2016| newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Feinstein was retiring at the end of her last term, scheduled for January 3, 2025,<ref>{{cite web|last=Haberkorn|first=Jennifer|title=Sen. Feinstein makes it official: She will retire at the end of her current term|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2023-02-14/dianne-feinstein-retire-term-ends-california-senator|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 14, 2023|access-date=February 16, 2023|archive-date=February 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214185942/https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2023-02-14/dianne-feinstein-retire-term-ends-california-senator|url-status=live}}</ref> but died in office on September 29, 2023, before her term ended.<ref name="Early morning">{{Cite news |last1=Swan |first1=Rachel |last2=Stein |first2=Shira |last3=Fracassa |first3=Dominic |last4=Echeverria |first4=Danielle |last5=Parker |first5=Jordan |last6=Toledo |first6=Aldo |date=2023-09-29 |title=Dianne Feinstein: Senator died of natural causes Friday morning |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/dianne-feinstein-updates-18396512.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929205309/https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/dianne-feinstein-updates-18396512.php |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=San Francisco Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref>  Subsequently, Patty Murray surpassed Feinstein as the longest serving woman senator, and continues to serve.

In 2012, a record five new female senators were elected. This beat the record of four new female senators from 1992 and set the record of five new women and eleven female senators in one Senate class. The five new women were Democrats [[Tammy Baldwin]] of [[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]], [[Heidi Heitkamp]] of [[List of United States senators from North Dakota|North Dakota]], [[Mazie Hirono]] of [[List of United States senators from Hawaii|Hawaii]], [[Elizabeth Warren]] of [[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]], and Republican [[Deb Fischer]] of [[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]]. Hirono was the first Asian-American woman and first Buddhist in the Senate, and Baldwin was the first openly gay person in the Senate.

In 2014, [[Joni Ernst]] was elected as the first female combat veteran to serve in the Senate. In 2016, [[Catherine Cortez Masto]] was elected as the first Latina senator, while [[Tammy Duckworth]] was elected as the first female double amputee in the Senate.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/senators_chronological.htm|title=U.S. Senate: Senators, 1789 to present|website=senate.gov|access-date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> In a June 2016 primary election, as a result of California's recent establishment of the [[top-two primary]], [[Attorney General of California]] [[Kamala Harris]] and U.S. Representative [[Loretta Sanchez]] became the first women of the same party to advance to a Senate general election. In November 2016, Harris became the first woman to defeat a woman of the same party in a Senate general election.

In [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], Hillary Clinton became the first former female senator to win a major party's nomination for President of the United States. Despite winning a plurality of the popular vote, she ultimately lost her bid to [[Donald Trump]].

Starting in 2017, United States Senators [[Jeanne Shaheen]] and [[Maggie Hassan]] of [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]], have held the distinction of being the first and second women elected as both the governor of a state and a United States senator from a state; both served as [[Governor of New Hampshire]] before their time in the Senate. Additionally, in 2024, former U.S. Senator [[Kelly Ayotte]] was elected Governor of New Hampshire, becoming the third woman and first Republican woman to hold this distinction.

In 2018, [[Kyrsten Sinema]] defeated [[Martha McSally]], becoming [[List of United States senators from Arizona|Arizona]]'s first female senator, as well as the first openly bisexual senator from any state. Two weeks later, Arizona Governor [[Doug Ducey]] announced that he would appoint McSally to Arizona's other Senate seat, which was becoming vacant with the resignation of [[Jon Kyl]]. Sinema and McSally have been the only concurrently serving female senators to have previously faced off against each other in a Senate election. McSally exited the Senate in late 2020 after losing that year's special election to [[Mark Kelly]], a Democrat.

Also in 2018, [[Jacky Rosen]] made political history as the first female one-term outgoing U.S. representative ever elected to the Senate.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ostermeier |first=Eric |title=Jacky Rosen's Historic 2018 US Senate Bid |url=http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2017/07/27/jacky-rosens-historic-2018-us-senate-bid/ |website=Smart Politics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124143023/http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2017/07/27/jacky-rosens-historic-2018-us-senate-bid/ |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |date=July 27, 2017}}</ref>

In 2023, Patty Murray became the first woman to serve as [[president pro tempore of the United States Senate|president pro tempore]], a role traditionally given to the most senior member of the majority party in the United States Senate. Dianne Feinstein was the most senior Democratic senator, but declined to serve. This made Murray the third person [[United States presidential line of succession|in line]] to become president, after the [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] and the [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/sen-patty-murray-becomes-first-female-president-tempore-rcna64088 |title=Sen. Patty Murray becomes first female president pro tempore |first=Rebecca |last=Shabad |website=NBC News |date=January 3, 2023}}</ref>

Sixty women have served in the United States Senate since its establishment in 1789.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/senate.pdf |title=Women in the U.S. Senate 1922–2015 |publisher=[[Center for American Women and Politics]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021204/http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/senate.pdf |archive-date=July 3, 2015}}</ref> Cumulatively, 36 female U.S. senators have been Democrats, while 23 have been Republicans and one is an independent. As of 2023, no female U.S. senator has ever won election to the House after her Senate term, resigned from a state governorship for the purpose of a Senate appointment by her successor, also won election as an independent or to represent more than one state in non-consecutive elections, served both seats of a state at different times, or represented a [[Third party (U.S. politics)|third party]] in her career. In December 2022, Senator Kyrsten Sinema became the first female senator to switch her party affiliation while in office. In September 2023, Senator Dianne Feinstein became the first female senator to die in office.

Some female U.S. senators have later run for U.S. president or vice president—see [[list of female United States presidential and vice presidential candidates]]. In 2020, [[Kamala Harris]] became the first female senator, current or past, to win her [[2020 United States presidential election|vice presidential election]] bid and become the first female [[Presiding Officer of the United States Senate|President of the United States Senate]].

==Election, selection, and family==
Women are much less likely than men to decide to run for election, despite generally having the same chances of winning elections as male counterparts. Research by Jennifer Lawless and Richard Fox shine light on a few possible reasons. Women report much less enthusiasm for the motions of campaigning (such as fundraising or attending rallies) than men. They are more likely than men to decide not to campaign based off of lack of resources. They are also much more likely than men to view themselves as lacking credentials, and time (even women with full-time jobs report spending more time on household chores than men). Finally, they are more likely than men to view races as competitive.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sides |first1=John |title=Campaigns and Elections |publisher=W.W. Norton and Company |pages=142 |edition=Fourth}}</ref>

Before 2001, a plurality of women joined the U.S. Senate through appointment following the death or resignation of a husband or father who previously held the seat. An example is [[Muriel Humphrey]] (D-MN), the widow of former senator and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Hubert Humphrey]]; she was appointed to fill his seat until a special election was held (in which she did not run). However, with the election of three women in 2000, the balance shifted; more women have now entered service as a senator by winning elections than by being appointed.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}

Recent examples of selection include [[Jean Carnahan]] and [[Lisa Murkowski]]. In [[2000 United States Senate elections|2000]], [[Jean Carnahan]] (D-MO) was appointed to fill the Senate seat won by her recently deceased husband, [[Mel Carnahan]]. Carnahan—even though dead—defeated the incumbent senator, [[John Ashcroft]]. Carnahan's widow was named to fill his seat by [[List of governors of Missouri|Governor of Missouri]] [[Roger B. Wilson|Roger Wilson]] until a special election was held. However, she lost the subsequent [[2002 United States Senate elections|2002 special election]] to fill out the rest of the six-year term. In 2002, Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) was appointed by her father [[List of governors of Alaska|Governor of Alaska]] [[Frank Murkowski]], who had resigned from the Senate to become governor, to serve the remaining two years of his term. Lisa Murkowski defeated former governor Tony Knowles in her election bid in [[2004 United States Senate elections|2004]].

Two recent members of the Senate brought with them a combination of name recognition resulting from the political careers of their famous husbands and their own substantial experience in public affairs. The first, former senator [[Elizabeth Dole]] (R-NC), was married to former [[Senate Majority Leader]] and 1996 Republican presidential candidate [[Bob Dole]] (R-KS) and served as [[United States Secretary of Transportation]] under President [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[Secretary of Labor]] under President [[George H.W. Bush]]; she later ran a losing bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 2000. The other, former senator [[Hillary Clinton]] (D-NY), wife of former president [[Bill Clinton]], was [[First Lady of the United States]] and First Lady of Arkansas before taking her seat in 2000. She too ran an [[2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries|unsuccessful campaign]] for her party's presidential nomination in 2008; she resigned in 2009 to become the [[United States Secretary of State|secretary of state]] for the eventual victor of that election, [[Barack Obama]]. In 2016, she ran a [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries|successful campaign]] for her party's presidential nomination, eventually losing in the general election to Republican nominee [[Donald Trump]].

Another famous name is [[Nancy Kassebaum]] (R-KS), the daughter of former Kansas governor and one-time presidential candidate [[Alf Landon]]. After retiring from the Senate, she married former senator [[Howard Baker]] (R-TN). Kassebaum has the distinction of being the first female elected senator who did not succeed her husband in Congress ([[Margaret Chase Smith]] was only elected to the Senate after succeeding her husband to his House seat).

Among the women elected or appointed in Senate history, by stature, [[Barbara Boxer]] (D-CA) and [[Barbara Mikulski]] (D-MD) are the shortest, at {{convert|4|ft|11|in|sigfig=3|m}}, whereas [[Kelly Loeffler]] (R-GA) is the tallest, at {{convert|5|ft|11|in|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/does-height-matter-in-pol_b_73129|title=Does Height Matter in Politics?|first=Zach|last=Kanin|date=November 17, 2007|work=HuffPost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/barbara-mikulski-girl-scout-senator-things-retiring-senator/story?id=29329473|title=Barbara Mikulski: From Girl Scout to Senator, 7 Things You Might Not Know About the Retiring Senator|first=Arlette|last=Saenz|date=March 2, 2015|work=ABC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Risk, hoops memories entice new Dream owner Loeffler |url=https://www.ajc.com/sports/risk-hoops-memories-entice-new-dream-owner-loeffler/WDPsGpIV66px3SsHgkA7FP/ |access-date=December 1, 2020 |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=June 4, 2011 |quote=A skinny 5-foot-11, her nickname on the court was NBC — 'Newborn Calf.'}}</ref>

==List of female U.S. senators==
<div style="text-align:center">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Name<br><small>(lifespan)</small>
! rowspan="2" |State
! colspan="3" |Term
! rowspan="2" |Entered by
! rowspan="2" |Left for
! rowspan="2" |Party
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Length of<br>service (days)
|-
|[[File:Reb Felton-Geo Senate.jpg|95px|Sen. Felton]]
|{{sortname|Rebecca|Felton|Rebecca Latimer Felton}}<br>{{small|(1835–1930)}}<ref group="n" name="Latimer Felton">Latimer Felton was the oldest woman appointed to the Senate (at age 87)<br/>Shortest-serving woman in the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)|1920}} [[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1922|11|21}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1922|11|21}}
|{{nts|1}}<br>({{ayd|1922|11|21|1922|11|21}})
|Appointment by [[Thomas W. Hardwick]]
|Appointment ended
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Arkansas senator. Washington, D.C., March 11. Senator Hattie W. Caraway, Democrat of Arkansas, from a new informal picture made in her office at the Capitol today, 3-11-40 LCCN2016877256 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Caraway]]
|{{sortname|Hattie|Caraway|Hattie Wyatt Caraway}}<br>{{small|(1878–1950)}}<ref group="n" name="Caraway">Succeeded [[Thaddeus Caraway|her late husband]]<br/>First woman in the Senate to succeed her spouse<br/>First woman re-elected to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|Arkansas|1924}} [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1931|11|13}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1945|1|3}}
|{{nts|4800}}<br>({{ayd|1931|11|13|1945|1|3}})
|Appointment by [[Harvey Parnell]]
|Lost renomination
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:RoseLong.jpg|95px|Sen. Long]]
|{{sortname|Rose|Long|Rose McConnell Long}}<br>{{small|(1892–1970)}}<ref group="n" name="Long">Succeeded [[Huey Long|her late husband]]</ref>
|{{flagicon|Louisiana|1912}} [[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1936|1|31}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1937|1|3}}
|{{nts|338}}<br>({{ayd|1936|1|31|1937|1|3}})
|Appointment by [[James Noe]]
|Retired
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:SenatorDixieBibbGraves (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Graves]]
|{{sortname|Dixie|Graves|Dixie Bibb Graves}}<br>{{small|(1882–1965)}}
|{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1937|8|20}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1938|1|10}}
|{{nts|143}}<br>({{ayd|1937|8|20|1938|1|10}})
|Appointment by [[Bibb Graves]]
|Appointment ended
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Gladys Pyle.jpg|95px|Sen. Pyle]]
|{{sortname|Gladys|Pyle}}<br>{{small|(1890–1989)}}
|{{flagicon|South Dakota|1909}} [[List of United States senators from South Dakota|South Dakota]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1938|11|9}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1939|1|3}}
|{{nts|55}}<br>({{ayd|1938|11|9|1939|1|3}})
|Special election
|Retired
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:SenatorVeraBushfield(R-SD).jpg|95px|Sen. Bushfield]]
|{{sortname|Vera C.|Bushfield}}<br>{{small|(1889–1976)}}<ref group="n" name="Bushfield">Succeeded [[Harlan J. Bushfield|her late husband]]</ref>
|{{flagicon|South Dakota|1909}} [[List of United States senators from South Dakota|South Dakota]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1948|10|6}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1948|12|26}}
|{{nts|81}}<br>({{ayd|1948|10|6|1948|12|26}})
|Appointment by [[George Theodore Mickelson|George Mickelson]]
|Appointment ended
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Margaret Chase Smith.jpg|95px|Sen. Smith]]
|{{sortname|Margaret Chase|Smith}}<br>{{small|(1897–1995)}}
|{{flagicon|Maine}} [[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1949|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1973|1|3}}
|{{nts|8766}}<br>({{ayd|1949|1|3|1973|1|3}})
|Election
|[[1972 United States Senate election in Maine|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Eva Kelly Bowring (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Bowring]]
|{{sortname|Eva|Bowring}}<br>{{small|(1892–1985)}}
|{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1954|4|16}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1954|11|7}}
|{{nts|205}}<br>({{ayd|1954|4|16|1954|11|7}})
|Appointment by [[Robert B. Crosby]]
|Appointment ended
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Hazel Abel 1954 (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Abel]]
|{{sortname|Hazel|Abel}}<br>{{small|(1888–1966)}}
|{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1954|11|8}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1954|12|31}}
|{{nts|53}}<br>({{ayd|1954|11|8|1954|12|31}})
|Special election
|Retired and resigned early<ref group="n">Abel resigned 3 days before the end of her term, a common practice to give her successor [[Seniority in the United States Senate|seniority]] advantage.</ref>
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Maurine Brown Neuberger.jpg|95px|Sen. Neuberger]]
|{{sortname|Maurine|Neuberger}}<br>{{small|(1907–2000)}}<ref group="n" name="Neuberger">Followed [[Richard L. Neuberger|her late husband]] (although she did not directly succeed him)</ref>
|{{flagicon|Oregon}} [[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1960|11|9}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1967|1|3}}
|{{nts|2246}}<br>({{ayd|1960|11|9|1967|1|3}})
|Special election
|Retired
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Elaine Edwards (D-LA).jpg|95px|Sen. Edwards]]
|{{sortname|Elaine|Edwards|Elaine S. Edwards}}<br>{{small|(1929–2018)}}
|{{flagicon|Louisiana|1912}} [[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1972|8|1}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1972|11|13}}
|{{nts|104}}<br>({{ayd|1972|8|1|1972|11|13}})
|Appointment by [[Edwin Edwards]]
|Appointment ended
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Senator Muriel Humphrey (D-MN).jpg|95px|Sen. Humphrey]]
|{{sortname|Muriel|Humphrey|Muriel Humphrey Brown}}<br>{{small|(1912–1998)}}<ref group="n" name="Humphrey">Succeeded [[Hubert Humphrey|her late husband]]</ref>
|{{flagicon|Minnesota|1957}} [[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1978|1|25}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1978|11|7}}
|{{nts|286}}<br>({{ayd|1978|1|25|1978|11|7}})
|Appointment by [[Rudy Perpich]]
|Appointment ended
|{{party shading/DFL}} |{{party shortname linked|Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party}}
|-
|[[File:Maryon pittman allen (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Allen]]
|{{sortname|Maryon|Allen|Maryon Pittman Allen}}<br>{{small|(1925–2018)}}<ref group="n" name="Pittman Allen">Succeeded [[James Allen (Alabama politician)|her late husband]]</ref>
|{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1978|6|8}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1978|11|7}}
|{{nts|152}}<br>({{ayd|1978|6|8|1978|11|7}})
|Appointment by [[George Wallace]]
|Lost nomination to finish term
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:LandonNancy.jpg|95px|Sen. Kassebaum]]
|{{sortname|Nancy|Kassebaum}}<br>{{small|(born 1932)}}
|{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1978|12|23}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1997|1|3}}
|{{nts|6586}}<br>({{ayd|1978|12|23|1997|1|3}})
|Election<ref group="n" name="seniority advantage">Predecessor resigned early to give successor [[Seniority in the United States Senate|seniority]] advantage, so the senator was appointed for the few days prior to the commencement of the elected term</ref>
|Retired
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Hawkins, Paula.jpg|95px|Sen. Hawkins]]
|{{sortname|Paula|Hawkins|Paula Hawkins (politician)}}<br>{{small|(1927–2009)}}
|{{flagicon|Florida}} [[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1981|1|1}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1987|1|3}}
|{{nts|2193}}<br>({{ayd|1981|1|1|1987|1|3}})
|Election<ref group="n" name="seniority advantage"/>
|[[1986 United States Senate election in Florida|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Barbara Mikulski official portrait c. 2011.jpg|95px|Sen. Mikulski]]
|{{sortname|Barbara|Mikulski}}<br>{{small|(born 1936)}}
|{{flagicon|Maryland}} [[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1987|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}}
|{{nts|10959}}<br>({{ayd|1987|1|3|2017|1|3}})
|Election
|Retired
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:JocelynBirchBurdick.jpg|95px|Sen. Burdick]]
|{{sortname|Jocelyn|Burdick}}<br>{{small|(1922–2019)}}<ref group="n" name="Burdick">Succeeded [[Quentin Burdick|her late husband]]</ref>
|{{flagicon|North Dakota}} [[List of United States senators from North Dakota|North Dakota]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1992|9|12}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1992|12|14}}
|{{nts|93}}<br>({{ayd|1992|9|12|1992|12|14}})
|Appointment by [[George Sinner]]
|Appointment ended
|{{party shading/North Dakota Democratic-NPL}} |{{party shortname linked|North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party}}
|-
|[[File:Dianne Feinstein, official Senate photo 2.jpg|95px|Sen. Feinstein]]
|{{sortname|Dianne|Feinstein}}<br>{{small|(1933–2023)}}<ref group="n" name="Feinstein">First non-Christian (Jewish) woman elected to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|California}} [[List of United States senators from California|California]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1992|11|04}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2023|9|29}}
|{{nts|11286}}<br>({{ayd|1992|11|4|2023|9|29}})
|Special election
|Died in office
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Barbara Boxer, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|95px|Sen. Boxer]]
|{{sortname|Barbara|Boxer}}<br>{{small|(born 1940)}}
|{{flagicon|California}} [[List of United States senators from California|California]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1993|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}}
|{{nts|8767}}<br>({{ayd|1993|1|3|2017|1|3}})
|Election
|Retired
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Carol Moseley Braun NZ.jpg|95px|Sen. Moseley Braun]]
|{{sortname|Carol|Moseley-Braun|Carol Moseley Braun}}<br>{{small|(born 1947)}}<ref group="n" name="Moseley Braun">First African-American woman elected to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|Illinois}} [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1993|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1999|1|3}}
|{{nts|2191}}<br>({{ayd|1993|1|3|1999|1|3}})
|Election
|[[1998 United States Senate election in Illinois|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg|95px|Sen. Murray]]
|{{sortname|Patty|Murray}}<br>{{small|(born 1950)}}
|{{flagicon|Washington}} [[List of United States senators from Washington|Washington]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1993|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|1993|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|1993|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Kay Bailey Hutchison, official photo 2.jpg|95px|Sen. Hutchison]]
|{{sortname|Kay|Hutchison|Kay Bailey Hutchison}}<br>{{small|(born 1943)}}
|{{flagicon|Texas}} [[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1993|6|14}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2013|1|3}}
|{{nts|7,143}}<br>({{ayd|1993|6|14|2013|1|3}})
|Special election
|Retired
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Olympia Snowe official photo 2010 edit.jpg|95px|Sen. Snowe]]
|{{sortname|Olympia|Snowe}}<br>{{small|(born 1947)}}
|{{flagicon|Maine}} [[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1995|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2013|1|3}}
|{{nts|6,576}}<br>({{ayd|1995|1|3|2013|1|3}})
|Election
|Retired
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:SenatorFrahm(R-KS).jpg|95px|Sen. Frahm]]
|{{sortname|Sheila|Frahm}}<br>{{small|(born 1945)}}
|{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1996|6|11}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1996|11|6}}
|{{nts|148}}<br>({{ayd|1996|6|11|1996|11|6}})
|Appointment by [[Bill Graves]]
|Lost nomination to finish term
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Senator Susan Collins 2022 official portrait (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Collins]]
|{{sortname|Susan|Collins}}<br>{{small|(born 1952)}}
|{{flagicon|Maine}} [[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1997|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|1997|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|1997|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Mary Landrieu Senate portrait.jpg|95px|Sen. Landrieu]]
|{{sortname|Mary|Landrieu}}<br>{{small|(born 1955)}}
|{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1997|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2015|1|3}}
|{{nts|6575}}<br>({{ayd|1997|1|3|2015|1|3}})
|Election
|[[2014 United States Senate election in Louisiana|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Blanche Lincoln, 2007.jpg|95px|Sen. Lincoln]]
|{{sortname|Blanche|Lincoln}}<br>{{small|(born 1960)}}<ref group="n" name="Lincoln">Lincoln was the first youngest woman to hold the distinction of "[[List of youngest members of the United States Congress|youngest member of the Senate]]" (at age 38)<br/>Lincoln was also the youngest woman elected to the Senate (at age 38)</ref>
|{{flagicon|Arkansas|1924}} [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|1999|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2011|1|3}}
|{{nts|4383}}<br>({{ayd|1999|1|3|2011|1|3}})
|Election
|[[2010 United States Senate election in Arkansas|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Maria Cantwell.jpg|95px|Sen. Cantwell]]
|{{sortname|Maria|Cantwell}}<br>{{small|(born 1958)}}
|{{flagicon|Washington}} [[List of United States senators from Washington|Washington]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2001|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2001|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2001|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Jean Carnahan.jpg|95px|Sen. Carnahan]]
|{{sortname|Jean|Carnahan}}<br>{{small|(1933-2024)}}
|{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2001|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2002|11|23}}
|{{nts|689}}<br>({{ayd|2001|1|3|2002|11|23}})
|Appointment by [[Roger B. Wilson]]
|[[2002 United States Senate special election in Missouri|Lost election to finish term]]
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Hillary Rodham Clinton.jpg|95px|Sen. Clinton]]
|{{sortname|Hillary|Clinton}}<br>{{small|(born 1947)}}
|{{flagicon|New York}} [[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2001|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2009|1|21}}
|{{nts|2940}}<br>({{ayd|2001|1|3|2009|1|21}})
|Election
|Resigned to become [[United States Secretary of State]]
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Debbie Stabenow, official portrait.jpg|95px|Sen. Stabenow]]
|{{sortname|Debbie|Stabenow}}<br>{{small|(born 1950)}}
|{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2001|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2001|01|03}}<br>({{ayd|2001|01|03}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Lisa Murkowski official photo (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Murkowski]]
|{{sortname|Lisa|Murkowski}}<br>{{small|(born 1957)}}<ref group="n" name="Murkowski">Succeeded [[Frank Murkowski|her father]]<br/>First woman in the Senate to succeed a living parent</ref>
|{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[List of United States senators from Alaska|Alaska]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2002|12|20}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2002|12|20}}<br>({{ayd|2002|12|20}})
|Appointment by [[Frank Murkowski]]
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Elizabeth Dole official photo.jpg|95px|Sen. Dole]]
|{{sortname|Elizabeth|Dole}}<br>{{small|(born 1936)}}<ref group="n" name="Dole">Married to [[Bob Dole]]</ref>
|{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2003|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2009|1|3}}
|{{nts|2192}}<br>({{ayd|2003|1|3|2009|1|3}})
|Election
|[[2008 United States Senate election in North Carolina|Lost reelection]]<ref group="n" name="Dole-Hagan">When Kay Hagan defeated Elizabeth Dole, it was the first time in history a woman candidate defeated an incumbent woman.</ref>
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Amy Klobuchar, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 2).jpg|frameless|122x122px|Sen. Klobuchar]]
|{{sortname|Amy|Klobuchar}}<br>{{small|(born 1960)}}
|{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2007|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2007|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2007|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/DFL}} |{{party shortname linked|Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party}}
|-
|[[File:Claire McCaskill, Official portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|95px|Sen. McCaskill]]
|{{sortname|Claire|McCaskill}}<br>{{small|(born 1953)}}
|{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2007|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}}
|{{age in days nts|2007|1|3|2019|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2007|1|3|2019|1|3}})
|Election
|[[2018 United States Senate election in Missouri|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Shaheen Senate Portrait.jpg|frameless|125x125px]]
|{{sortname|Jeanne|Shaheen}}<br>{{small|(born 1947)}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|New Hampshire}} [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2009|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2009|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2009|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Kay Hagan official photo (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Hagan]]
|{{sortname|Kay|Hagan}}<br>{{small|(1953–2019)}}
|{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2009|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2015|1|3}}
|{{nts|2191}}<br>({{ayd|2009|1|3|2015|1|3}})
|Election<ref group="n" name="Dole-Hagan" />
|[[2014 United States Senate election in North Carolina|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Kirsten Gillibrand, official photo, 116th Congress (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Gillibrand]]
|{{sortname|Kirsten|Gillibrand}}<br>{{small|(born 1966)}}
|{{flagicon|New York}} [[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2009|1|26}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2009|1|26}}<br>({{ayd|2009|1|26}})
|Appointment by [[David Paterson]]
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Kelly Ayotte, Official Portrait, 112th Congress 2 (cropped2).jpg|95px|Sen. Ayotte]]
|{{sortname|Kelly|Ayotte}}<br>{{small|(born 1968)}}
|{{flagicon|New Hampshire}} [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2011|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}}
|{{nts|2192}}<br>({{ayd|2011|1|3|2017|1|3}})
|Election
|[[2016 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Tammy Baldwin, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Baldwin]]
|{{sortname|Tammy|Baldwin}}<br>{{small|(born 1962)}}<ref group="n" name="Baldwin">First openly [[LGBT]] and [[lesbian]] woman elected to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2013|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2013|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2013|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE), official portrait, 118th United States Congress (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Fischer]]
|{{sortname|Deb|Fischer}}<br>{{small|(born 1951)}}
|{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2013|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2013|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2013|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Heidi Heitkamp official portrait 113th Congress (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Heitkamp]]
|{{sortname|Heidi|Heitkamp}}<br>{{small|(born 1955)}}
|{{flagicon|North Dakota}} [[List of United States senators from North Dakota|North Dakota]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2013|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}}
|{{age in days nts|2013|1|3|2019|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2013|1|3|2019|1|3}})
|Election
|[[2018 United States Senate election in North Dakota|Lost reelection]]
|{{party shading/North Dakota Democratic-NPL}} |{{party shortname linked|North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Mazie Hirono, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Hirano]]
|{{sortname|Mazie|Hirono}}<br>{{small|(born 1947)}}<ref group="n" name="Hirono">First Asian-American woman elected to the Senate<br/>First Japanese-American woman elected to the Senate<br/>First Buddhist woman elected to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[List of United States senators from Hawaii|Hawaii]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2013|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2013|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2013|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Elizabeth Warren--2016 Official Portrait--(cropped).jpg|frameless|123x123px|Sen. Warren]]
|{{sortname|Elizabeth|Warren}}<br>{{small|(born 1949)}}
|{{flagicon|Massachusetts}} [[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2013|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2013|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2013|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Joni Ernst, official portrait, 116th Congress 2 (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Ernst]]
|{{sortname|Joni|Ernst}}<br>{{small|(born 1970)}}
|{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2015|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2015|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2015|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Shelley Moore Capito official Senate photo (cropped 2).jpg|95px|Sen. Moore Capito]]
|{{sortname|Shelley|Moore Capito|Shelley Moore Capito}}<br>{{small|(born 1953)}}
|{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[List of United States senators from West Virginia|West Virginia]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2015|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2015|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2015|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|{{nowrap|[[File:Catherine Cortez Masto portrait red.jpg|95px|Sen. Cortez Masto]]}}
|{{sortname|Catherine|Cortez Masto|Catherine Cortez Masto}}<br>{{small|(born 1964)}}<ref group="n" name="Cortez Masto">First Hispanic and Latina American woman elected to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[List of United States senators from Nevada|Nevada]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2017|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2017|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Tammy Duckworth 115th official portrait (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Duckworth]]
|{{sortname|Tammy|Duckworth}}<br>{{small|(born 1968)}}<ref group="n" name="Duckworth">First woman with a disability elected to the Senate<br/>First Southeast Asian-American (Thai) woman elected to the Senate<br/>First Amerasian or Eurasian woman elected to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|Illinois}} [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2017|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2017|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Senator Harris official senate portrait.jpg|95px|Sen. Harris]]
|{{sortname|Kamala|Harris}}<br>{{small|(born 1964)}}<ref group="n" name="Harris">First South Asian-American (Indian) woman elected to the Senate<br/>First Jamaican American woman elected to the Senate<br/>First woman of African-American and South Asian descent elected to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|California}} [[List of United States senators from California|California]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2021|1|18}}
|{{age in days nts|2017|1|3|2021|1|18}}<br>({{ayd|2017|1|3|2021|1|18}})
|Election
|Resigned to become [[Vice President of the United States]]
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Maggie Hassan, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Hassan]]
|{{sortname|Maggie|Hassan}}<br>{{small|(born 1958)}}
|{{flagicon|New Hampshire}} [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2017|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2017|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Tina Smith, official portrait, 116th congress (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Smith]]
|{{sortname|Tina|Smith}}<br>{{small|(born 1958)}}
|{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2018|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2018|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2018|1|3}})
|Appointment by [[Mark Dayton]]
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/DFL}} |{{party shortname linked|Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Official headshot of US Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Hyde-Smith]]
|{{sortname|Cindy|Hyde-Smith}}<br>{{small|(born 1959)}}
|{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2018|4|2}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2018|4|2}}<br>({{ayd|2018|4|2}})
|Appointment by [[Phil Bryant]]
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) official headshot - 116th Congress (Cropped).jpg|118x118px|Sen. Blackburn]]
|{{sortname|Marsha|Blackburn}}<br>{{small|(born 1952)}}<ref group="n" name="Blackburn">Blackburn was the oldest woman at the time of first election to the Senate (at {{age in years, months and days|1952|06|06|2018|11|06}}).</ref>
|{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2019|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2019|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|rowspan=2|[[File:Sinema Dec 2023.jpg|95px|Sen. Sinema]]
|rowspan=2|{{sortname|Kyrsten|Sinema}}<br>{{small|(born 1976)}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[List of United States senators from Arizona|Arizona]]
|rowspan=2|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}}
|rowspan=2|present
|rowspan=2|{{age in days nts|2019|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2019|1|3}})
|rowspan=2|Election
|rowspan=2|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}<br>{{small|(2019–2022)}}
|-
|{{party shading/Independent (US)}} |{{party shortname linked|Independent politician}}<br>{{small|(since 2022)}}<ref group="n" name="Sinema-Party-Switch">Sinema was elected as a Democrat in [[2018 United States Senate election in Arizona|2018]], but switched to an independent in December 2022.</ref>
|-
|[[File:Sen. Martha McSally official Senate headshot 116th congress (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. McSally]]
|{{sortname|Martha|McSally}}<br>{{small|(born 1966)}}
|{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[List of United States senators from Arizona|Arizona]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2020|12|2}}
|{{age in days nts|2019|1|3|2020|12|2}}<br>({{ayd|2019|1|3|2020|12|2}})
|Appointment by [[Doug Ducey]]
|[[2020 United States Senate special election in Arizona|Lost election to finish term]]
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Jacky Rosen, official portrait, 116th congress.jpg|95px|Sen. Rosen]]
|{{sortname|Jacky|Rosen}}<br>{{small|(born 1957)}}
|{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[List of United States senators from Nevada|Nevada]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2019|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2019|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|-
|[[File:Kelly Loeffler (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Loeffler]]
|{{sortname|Kelly|Loeffler}}<br>{{small|(born 1970)}}
|{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)|2003}} [[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2020|1|6}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2021|1|20}}
|{{age in days nts|2020|1|6|2021|1|20}}<br>({{ayd|2020|1|6|2021|1|20}})
|Appointment by [[Brian Kemp]]
|[[2020-21 United States Senate special election in Georgia|Lost election to finish term]]
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Cynthia Lummis U.S. Senator (cropped).jpg|95px|Sen. Lummis]]
|{{sortname|Cynthia|Lummis}}<br>{{small|(born 1954)}}
|{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[List of United States senators from Wyoming|Wyoming]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2021|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2021|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2021|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Katie Britt (cropped).jpg|frameless|120x120px|Sen. Britt]]
|{{sortname|Katie|Britt}}<br>{{small|(born 1982)}}
|{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2023|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2023|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2023|1|3}})
|Election
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Republican}} |{{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Laphonza Butler Senate photo, 2023 (close crop).jpg|122x122px|Sen. Butler]]
|{{sortname|Laphonza|Butler}}<br>{{small|(born 1979)}}<ref group="n" name="Butler">First openly LGBT [[woman of color]] appointed to the Senate<br/>First LGBT African American woman appointed to the Senate</ref>
|{{flagicon|California}} [[List of United States senators from California|California]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2023|10|1}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2023|10|1}}<br>({{ayd|2023|10|1}})
|Appointment by [[Gavin Newsom]]
|Incumbent
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Angela Alsobrooks SEPT24 (cropped).jpg|frameless|120x120px|Sen. Alsobrooks]]
|{{sortname|Angela|Alsobrooks}}<br>{{small|(born 1971)}}
|{{flagicon|Maryland}} [[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2025|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2025|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2025|1|3}})
|Election
|''Senator-Elect''
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Lisa Blunt Rochester official photo (cropped).jpg|frameless|120x120px|Sen. Rochester]]
|{{sortname|Lisa Blunt|Rochester}}<br>{{small|(born 1962)}}
|{{flagicon|Delaware}} [[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2025|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2025|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2025|1|3}})
|Election
|''Senator-Elect''
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|[[File:Elissa Slotkin, official portrait, 116th Congress (cropped).jpg|frameless|120x120px|Sen. Slotkin]]
|{{sortname|Elissa|Slotkin}}<br>{{small|(born 1976)}}
|{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]
|{{dts|format=mdy|2025|1|3}}
|present
|{{age in days nts|2025|1|3}}<br>({{ayd|2025|1|3}})
|Election
|''Senator-Elect''
|{{party shading/Democratic}} |{{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|}
</div>

==Currently serving female U.S. senators==
[[File:Women in the US Senate.svg|thumb|Map of current female senators by state.
{{legend|#ff4de9|Two female senators}}
{{legend|#8840E6|One female senator}}
{{legend|#1856F1|No female senators}}|330px]]
There are 25 women currently serving in the United States Senate. This is the second-highest number of women to have served concurrently in the Senate in U.S. history. Fifteen are Democrats, nine are Republicans, and one is an independent.

In January 2019, four new female senators (Blackburn, McSally, Rosen, and Sinema) were seated, but two others (Heitkamp and McCaskill) lost reelection bids, so the number of female senators reached 25, with 17 being Democrats and 8 being Republicans. In January 2020, [[Kelly Loeffler]] was appointed to the Senate from Georgia, increasing the number of women in the Senate to 26, the highest proportion of women serving as U.S. senators in history.
[[File:Women in the United States Senate.svg|thumb|Pink represents the Women in the United States Senate]]
[[File:Pie Chart of Female Senators.png|thumb|Pie chart showing current female senators. Pink is female]]
[[Martha McSally]] lost an election to finish [[John McCain]]'s unexpired term on November 3, 2020, and left the Congress on December 2, which reduced the number of female senators to 25. On January 3, 2021, [[Cynthia Lummis]], the first female senator from Wyoming, began her term, so the number of female senators reached 26 once again. Meanwhile, [[Kamala Harris]] was elected Vice President of the United States; she resigned her Senate seat on January 18 in anticipation of the scheduled commencement of her term as vice president (and thus president of the Senate) on January 20, which reduced the number of female senators to 25. In addition, Loeffler lost the January 5 special election runoff for the remainder of the term to which she had been appointed, and she left office also on January 20, which further reduced the number of women serving in the Senate to 24. On December 9, 2022, Sinema defected from the Democratic Party to become a registered independent, leaving 15 of her fellow female senators from her former party, and, on January 3, 2023, [[Katie Britt]], the first female Republican senator from Alabama and also the first woman ever elected to the Senate from her state, began her term as well, increasing the number to 25 again. The death of [[Dianne Feinstein]] on September 29, 2023, brought the number back down to 24. The seating of Feinstein's replacement, appointed senator [[Laphonza Butler]], on October 3 returned the figure to 25.

As of January 2023, four states ([[Minnesota]], [[Nevada]], [[New Hampshire]], and [[Washington (state)|Washington]]) are represented by two female U.S. senators. Eleven incumbent women in the Senate are former U.S. representatives: Senators Stabenow, Cantwell, Gillibrand, Baldwin, Hirono, Moore Capito, Duckworth, Sinema, Rosen, Blackburn, and Lummis.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- valign=center
! [[Classes of United States senators|Class]]
! State
! Name
! Party
! Prior experience
! First took<br />office
! Born
|-
| style="background:#fcfccf;"| 3
| Alabama
| nowrap | [[Katie Britt]] 
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| CEO of the Business Council of Alabama, chief of staff to predecessor [[Richard Shelby]]
| 2023
<small>(age 40)</small>
| 1982
|-
| style="background:#fcfccf;"| 3
| Alaska
| nowrap | [[Lisa Murkowski]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Alaska House of Representatives]]
| 2002
<small>(age 45)</small>
| 1957
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Arizona
| nowrap | [[Kyrsten Sinema]]
| {{party shading/Independent}} | {{party shortname linked|Independent politician}}<ref group="n" name="Sinema-Party-Switch"/>
| [[Arizona House of Representatives]], [[Arizona Senate]], [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]
| 2019
<small>(age 42)</small>
| 1976
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| California
| nowrap | [[Laphonza Butler]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| Member of the [[Regents of the University of California|Board of Regents of the University of California]], President of [[EMILY's List]]
| 2023
<small>(age 44)</small>
| 1979
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Hawaii
| nowrap | [[Mazie Hirono]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Hawaii House of Representatives]], [[Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii]], [[2002 Hawaii gubernatorial election|gubernatorial nominee]], U.S. House of Representatives
| 2013
<small>(age 65)</small>
| 1947
|-
| style="background:#fcfccf;"| 3
| Illinois
| nowrap | [[Tammy Duckworth]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| U.S. House of Representatives
| 2017
<small>(age 48)</small>
| 1968
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| 2
| Iowa
| nowrap | [[Joni Ernst]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Montgomery County, Iowa|Montgomery County]] Auditor, [[Iowa Senate]]
| 2015
<small>(age 44)</small>
| 1970
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| 2
| Maine
| nowrap | [[Susan Collins]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| Massachusetts Deputy Treasurer, [[1994 Maine gubernatorial election|gubernatorial nominee]]
| 1997
<small>(age 44)</small>
| 1952
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Massachusetts
| nowrap | [[Elizabeth Warren]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| Special advisor to the president for the [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]]
| 2013
<small>(age 63)</small>
| 1949
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Michigan
| nowrap | [[Debbie Stabenow]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Michigan House of Representatives]], [[Michigan Senate]], U.S. House of Representatives
| 2001
<small>(age 50)</small>
| 1950
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Minnesota
| nowrap | [[Amy Klobuchar]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party|Democratic-Farmer-Labor]]
| [[Hennepin County, Minnesota|Hennepin County]] Attorney
| 2007
<small>(age 46)</small>
| 1960
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| 2
| Minnesota
| nowrap | [[Tina Smith]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party|Democratic-Farmer-Labor]]
| [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]]
| 2018
<small>(age 60)</small>
| 1958
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| 2
| Mississippi
| nowrap | [[Cindy Hyde-Smith]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Mississippi State Senate|Mississippi Senate]], [[Mississippi Commissioner of Agriculture and Commerce]]
| 2018
<small>(age 58)</small>
| 1959
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Nebraska
| nowrap | [[Deb Fischer]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Nebraska Legislature]]
| 2013
<small>(age 61)</small>
| 1951
|-
| style="background:#fcfccf;"| 3
| Nevada
| nowrap | [[Catherine Cortez Masto]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Nevada Attorney General]]
| 2017
<small>(age 52)</small>
| 1964
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Nevada
| nowrap | [[Jacky Rosen]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| U.S. House of Representatives
| 2019
<small>(age 61)</small>
| 1957
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| 2
| New Hampshire
| nowrap | [[Jeanne Shaheen]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[New Hampshire Senate]], [[Governor of New Hampshire]]
| 2009
<small>(age 61)</small>
| 1947
|-
| style="background:#fcfccf;"| 3
| New Hampshire
| nowrap | [[Maggie Hassan]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| New Hampshire Senate, Governor of New Hampshire
| 2017
<small>(age 58)</small>
| 1958
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| New York
| nowrap | [[Kirsten Gillibrand]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| U.S. House of Representatives
| 2009
<small>(age 43)</small>
| 1966
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Tennessee
| nowrap | [[Marsha Blackburn]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Tennessee Senate]], U.S. House of Representatives
| 2019
<small>(age 66)</small>
| 1952
|-
| style="background:#fcfccf;"| 3
| Washington
| nowrap | [[Patty Murray]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Washington State Senate|Washington Senate]]
| 1993
<small>(age 42)</small>
| 1950
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Washington
| nowrap | [[Maria Cantwell]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Washington House of Representatives]], U.S. House of Representatives
| 2001
<small>(age 42)</small>
| 1958
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| 2
| West Virginia
| nowrap | [[Shelley Moore Capito]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[West Virginia House of Delegates]], U.S. House of Representatives
| 2015
<small>(age 62)</small>
| 1953
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| 1
| Wisconsin
| nowrap | [[Tammy Baldwin]]
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | {{party shortname linked|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Wisconsin State Assembly]], U.S. House of Representatives
| 2013
<small>(age 50)</small>
| 1962
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| 2
| Wyoming
| nowrap | [[Cynthia Lummis]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | {{party shortname linked|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Wyoming House of Representatives]], [[Wyoming Senate]], Wyoming Treasurer, U.S. House of Representatives
| 2021
<small>(age 66)</small>
| 1954
|}

==List of states represented by women==
Thirty-three states have been represented by female senators. As of October 3, 2023, 21 states are represented by female senators. 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! State
! Current
! Previous
! Total
! First woman senator
! Years represented by female senators
! Year first ''elected'' a female senator
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]] || 1 || 2 || 3 || [[Dixie Bibb Graves|Dixie Graves]] || 1937–1938, 1978, 2023–present || [[2022 United States Senate election in Alabama|2022]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Alaska|Alaska]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Lisa Murkowski]] || 2002–present || [[2004 United States Senate election in Alaska|2004]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Arizona|Arizona]] || 1 || 1 || 2 || [[Kyrsten Sinema]] &<br> [[Martha McSally]] || 2019–present || [[2018 United States Senate election in Arizona|2018]]
|- 
| [[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]] || 0 || 2 || 2 || [[Hattie Caraway]] || 1931–1945, 1999–2011 || [[1932 United States Senate election in Arkansas|1932]]
|-
<!-- shown as two streaks since California had a 4 day gap without a female senator -->
| [[List of United States senators from California|California]] || 1 || 3 || 4 || [[Dianne Feinstein]] || 1992–2023, 2023–present|| [[1992 United States Senate special election in California|1992]] {{small|(special)}}
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Colorado|Colorado]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]] || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[Paula Hawkins (politician)|Paula Hawkins]] || 1981–1987 || [[1980 United States Senate election in Florida|1980]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]] || 0 || 2 || 2 || [[Rebecca Felton]] || 1922, 2020–2021 || N / A; both women senators appointed
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Hawaii|Hawaii]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Mazie Hirono]] || 2013–present || [[2012 United States Senate election in Hawaii|2012]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Idaho|Idaho]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]] || 1 || 1 || 2 || [[Carol Moseley-Braun]] || 1993–1999, 2017–present || [[1992 United States Senate election in Illinois|1992]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Joni Ernst]] || 2015–present || [[2014 United States Senate election in Iowa|2014]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]] || 0 || 2 || 2 || [[Nancy Kassebaum]] || 1978–1997 || [[1978 United States Senate election in Kansas|1978]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]] || 0 || 3 || 3 || [[Rose McConnell Long|Rose Long]] || 1936–1937, 1972, 1997–2015 ||[[1936 United States Senate special election in Louisiana|1936]] {{small|(special)}}
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]] || 1 || 2 || 3 || [[Margaret Chase Smith]] || 1949–1973, 1995–present || [[1948 United States Senate election in Maine|1948]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]] || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[Barbara Mikulski]] || 1987–2017 || [[1986 United States Senate election in Maryland|1986]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Elizabeth Warren]] || 2013–present || [[2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2012]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Debbie Stabenow]] || 2001–present || [[2000 United States Senate election in Michigan|2000]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]] || 2 || 1 || 3 || [[Muriel Humphrey]] || 1978, 2007–present || [[2006 United States Senate election in Minnesota|2006]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Cindy Hyde-Smith]] || 2018–present || [[2018 United States Senate special election in Mississippi|2018]] {{small|(special)}}
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]] || 0 || 2 || 2 || [[Jean Carnahan]] || 2001–2002, 2007–2019 || [[2006 United States Senate election in Missouri|2006]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Montana|Montana]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]] || 1 || 2 || 3 || [[Eva Bowring]] || 1954, 2013–present || [[1954 United States Senate special elections in Nebraska|1954]] {{small|(special)}}
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Nevada|Nevada]] || 2 || 0 || 2 || [[Catherine Cortez Masto]] || 2017–present || [[2016 United States Senate election in Nevada|2016]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] || 2 || 1 || 3 || [[Jeanne Shaheen]] || 2009–present || [[2008 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|2008]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from New Mexico|New Mexico]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
<!-- shown as two streaks since New York had a 5 day gap without a female senator -->
| [[List of United States senators from New York|New York]] || 1 || 1 || 2 || [[Hillary Clinton]] || 2001–2009, 2009–present || [[2000 United States Senate election in New York|2000]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]] || 0 || 2 || 2 || [[Elizabeth Dole]] || 2003–2015 || [[2002 United States Senate election in North Carolina|2002]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from North Dakota|North Dakota]] || 0 || 2 || 2 || [[Jocelyn Burdick]] || 1992, 2013–2019 || [[2012 United States Senate election in North Dakota|2012]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]] || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[Maurine Neuberger]] || 1960–1967 || [[1960 United States Senate special election in Oregon|1960]] {{small|(special)}}
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from South Dakota|South Dakota]] || 0 || 2 || 2 || [[Gladys Pyle]] || 1938–1939, 1948 || [[1938 United States Senate special election in South Dakota|1938]] {{small|(special)}}
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Marsha Blackburn]] || 2019–present || [[2018 United States Senate election in Tennessee|2018]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]] || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[Kay Hutchison]] || 1993–2013 || [[1993 United States Senate special election in Texas|1993]] {{small|(special)}}
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Utah|Utah]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || colspan="3" |
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Washington|Washington]] || 2 || 0 || 2 || [[Patty Murray]] || 1993–present || [[1992 United States Senate election in Washington|1992]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from West Virginia|West Virginia]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Shelley Moore Capito]] || 2015–present || [[2014 United States Senate election in West Virginia|2014]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Tammy Baldwin]] || 2013–present || [[2012 United States Senate election in Wisconsin|2012]]
|-
| [[List of United States senators from Wyoming|Wyoming]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[Cynthia Lummis]] || 2021–present || [[2020 United States Senate election in Wyoming|2020]]
|-
!Total
!25
!35
!60
!Rebecca Felton
!1922, 1931–1945, 1948–1973, 
1978–present
!1932
|}

==Graphs==

===Histograph===
Note: In the graph below, entry dates refer to the date the senator was sworn in, not the date of the appointment, or election.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Starting
! Total
! Graph
! Event
|-
| March 4, 1789 || 0 || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
|-
| November 21, 1922 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{increase}} [[Rebecca Felton]] appointed
|-
| November 23, 1922 || 0 || &nbsp;
| {{decrease}} End of Rebecca Felton's appointment
|-
| December 9, 1931 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{increase}} [[Hattie Caraway]] appointed
|-
| January 31, 1936 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Rose Long]] appointed
|-
| January 3, 1937 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{decrease}} Rose Long retires
|-
| August 20, 1937 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Dixie Graves]] appointed
|-
| January 10, 1938 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{decrease}} End of Dixie Graves's appointment
|-
| November 9, 1938 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Gladys Pyle]] begins service
|-
| January 3, 1939 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{decrease}} Gladys Pyle retires
|-
| January 3, 1945 || 0 || &nbsp;
| {{decrease}} Hattie Caraway ends service
|-
| October 6, 1948 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{increase}} [[Vera C. Bushfield]] appointed
|-
| December 27, 1948 || 0 || &nbsp;
| {{decrease}} End of Vera C. Bushfield's appointment 
|-
| January 3, 1949 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{increase}} [[Margaret Chase Smith]] begins service
|-
| April 16, 1954 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Eva Bowring]] appointed
|-
| November 7, 1954 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{decrease}} End of Eva Bowring's appointment
|-
| November 8, 1954 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Hazel Abel]] begins service
|-
| December 31, 1954 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{decrease}} Hazel Abel retires
|-
| November 9, 1960 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Maurine Neuberger]] begins service
|-
| January 3, 1967 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{decrease}} Maurine Neuberger retires
|-
| August 1, 1972 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Elaine Edwards]] appointed
|-
| November 13, 1972 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{decrease}} End of Elaine Edwards's appointment
|-
| January 3, 1973 || 0 || &nbsp;
| {{decrease}} Margaret Chase Smith ends service
|-
| January 25, 1978 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{increase}} [[Muriel Humphrey]] appointed
|-
| June 8, 1978 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Maryon Allen]] appointed
|-
| November 7, 1978 || 0 || &nbsp;
| {{decrease}}{{decrease}} End of Muriel Humphrey's and Maryon Allen's appointments
|-
| December 23, 1978 || 1 || {{Composition histogram|black|1}}
| {{increase}} [[Nancy Kassebaum]] begins service
|-
| January 1, 1981 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}} [[Paula Hawkins (politician)|Paula Hawkins]] begins service
|-
| January 3, 1987 || 2 || {{Composition histogram|black|2}}
| {{increase}}{{decrease}} [[Barbara Mikulski]] begins service; Paula Hawkins ends service
|-
| September 16, 1992 || 3 || {{Composition histogram|black|3}}
| {{increase}} [[Jocelyn Burdick]] appointed
|-
| November 4, 1992 || 4 || {{Composition histogram|black|4}}
| {{increase}} [[Dianne Feinstein]] begins service
|-
| December 14, 1992 || 3 || {{Composition histogram|black|3}}
| {{decrease}} End of Jocelyn Burdick's appointment
|-
| January 3, 1993 || 6 || {{Composition histogram|black|6}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}} [[Barbara Boxer]], [[Carol Moseley Braun]], and [[Patty Murray]] begin service
|-
| June 14, 1993 || 7 || {{Composition histogram|black|7}}
| {{increase}} [[Kay Hutchison]] begins service
|-
| January 3, 1995 || 8 || {{Composition histogram|black|8}}
| {{increase}} [[Olympia Snowe]] begins service
|-
| June 11, 1996 || 9 || {{Composition histogram|black|9}}
| {{increase}} [[Sheila Frahm]] appointed
|-
| November 6, 1996 || 8 || {{Composition histogram|black|8}}
| {{decrease}} End of  Sheila Frahm's appointment
|-
| January 3, 1997 || 9 || {{Composition histogram|black|9}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{decrease}} [[Susan Collins]] and [[Mary Landrieu]] begin service;<br>Nancy Kassebaum retires
|-
| January 3, 1999 || 9 || {{Composition histogram|black|9}}
| {{increase}}{{decrease}} [[Blanche Lincoln]] begins service; Carol Moseley-Braun ends service
|-
| January 3, 2001 || 13 || {{Composition histogram|black|13}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}} [[Maria Cantwell]], [[Hillary Clinton]], and [[Debbie Stabenow]] begin service;<br>[[Jean Carnahan]] appointed
|-
| November 23, 2002 || 12|| {{Composition histogram|black|12}}
| {{decrease}} End of Jean Carnahan's appointment
|-
| December 20, 2002 || 13 || {{Composition histogram|black|13}}
| {{increase}} [[Lisa Murkowski]] appointed
|-
| January 3, 2003 || 14|| {{Composition histogram|black|14}}
| {{increase}} [[Elizabeth Dole]] begins service
|-
| January 3, 2007 || 16 || {{Composition histogram|black|16}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}} [[Amy Klobuchar]] and [[Claire McCaskill]] begin service
|-
| January 3, 2009 || 17 || {{Composition histogram|black|17}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{decrease}} [[Jeanne Shaheen]] and [[Kay Hagan]] begin service; Elizabeth Dole ends service
|-
| January 21, 2009 || 16 || {{Composition histogram|black|16}}
| {{decrease}} Hillary Clinton resigns to become Secretary of State
|-
| January 26, 2009 || 17 || {{Composition histogram|black|17}}
| {{increase}} [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] appointed
|-
| January 3, 2011 || 17 || {{Composition histogram|black|17}}
| {{increase}}{{decrease}} [[Kelly Ayotte]] begins service; Blanche Lincoln ends service
|-
| January 3, 2013 || 20 || {{Composition histogram|black|20}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{decrease}}{{decrease}} [[Tammy Baldwin]], [[Deb Fischer]], [[Heidi Heitkamp]], [[Mazie Hirono]], and [[Elizabeth Warren]] begin service;<br> Kay Hutchison and Olympia Snowe retire
|-
| January 3, 2015 || 20 || {{Composition histogram|black|20}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{decrease}}{{decrease}} [[Shelley Moore Capito]] and [[Joni Ernst]] begin service; Kay Hagan and Mary Landrieu end service
|-
| January 3, 2017 || 21 || {{Composition histogram|black|21}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{decrease}}{{decrease}}{{decrease}} [[Catherine Cortez Masto]], [[Tammy Duckworth]], [[Kamala Harris]], and [[Maggie Hassan]] begin service; Barbara Boxer and Barbara Mikulski retire; Kelly Ayotte ends service
|-
| January 3, 2018 || 22 || {{Composition histogram|black|22}}
| {{increase}} [[Tina Smith]] appointed
|-
| April 9, 2018 || 23 || {{Composition histogram|black|23}}
| {{increase}} [[Cindy Hyde Smith]] appointed
|-
| January 3, 2019 || 25 || {{Composition histogram|black|25}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{decrease}}{{decrease}} [[Marsha Blackburn]], [[Kyrsten Sinema]], and [[Jacky Rosen]] begin service; [[Martha McSally]] appointed; Heidi Heitkamp and Claire McCaskill end service
|-
| January 6, 2020 || 26 || {{Composition histogram|black|26}}
| {{increase}} [[Kelly Loeffler]] appointed
|- 
| December 2, 2020 || 25 || {{Composition histogram|black|25}}
| {{decrease}} End of Martha McSally's appointment
|-
| January 3, 2021 || 26 || {{Composition histogram|black|26}}
| {{increase}} [[Cynthia Lummis]] begins service
|-
| January 18, 2021 || 25 || {{Composition histogram|black|25}}
| {{decrease}} Kamala Harris resigns to become Vice President of the United States
|-
| January 20, 2021 || 24 || {{Composition histogram|black|24}}
| {{decrease}} End of Kelly Loeffler's appointment
|-
| January 3, 2023 || 25 || {{Composition histogram|black|25}}
| {{increase}} [[Katie Britt]] begins service
|-
| September 29, 2023 || 24 || {{Composition histogram|black|24}}
| {{decrease}} Death of Dianne Feinstein
|-
| October 3, 2023 || 25 || {{Composition histogram|black|25}}
| {{increase}} [[Laphonza Butler]] appointed <!--
|-
| December xx, 2023 || 24 || {{Composition histogram|black|24}}
| {{decrease}} End of Laphonza Butler's appointment
|-
| January 3, 2025 || 25 || {{Composition histogram|black|25}}
| {{increase}}{{increase}}{{increase}}{{decrease}}{{decrease}} [[Angela Alsobrooks]], [[Lisa Blunt Rochester]], and [[Elissa Slotkin]] begin service; Debbie Stabenow and Kyrsten Sinema end service
|- -->
|}

===Timeline===
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:12
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:120 left:1
AlignBars = early

DateFormat = yyyy
Period   = from:1921 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}}
TimeAxis  = orientation:horizontal

Colors   =
  id:canvas   value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
  id:D  value:blue
  id:R  value:red
  id:I  value:gray(0.5)
  id:lightline       value:rgb(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
  id:lighttext       value:rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)

ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightline unit:year increment:1 start:1921
ScaleMajor =  gridcolor:lighttext unit:year increment:5 start:1925

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData =
  barset:Senators
  bar:Sinema
  barset:Senators2

PlotData=
  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
  barset:Senators
  from:1922 till:1922 color:D text:"[[Rebecca Latimer Felton]]"
  from:1931 till:1945 color:D text:"[[Hattie Caraway]]"
  from:1936 till:1937 color:D text:"[[Rose McConnell Long]]"
  from:1937 till:1938 color:D text:"[[Dixie Bibb Graves]]"
  from:1938 till:1939 color:R text:"[[Gladys Pyle]]"
  from:1948 till:1948 color:R text:"[[Vera C. Bushfield]]"
  from:1949 till:1973 color:R text:"[[Margaret Chase Smith]]"
  from:1954 till:1954 color:R text:"[[Eva Bowring]]"
  from:1954 till:1954 color:R text:"[[Hazel Abel]]"
  from:1960 till:1967 color:D text:"[[Maurine Neuberger]]"
  from:1972 till:1972 color:D text:"[[Elaine S. Edwards]]"
  from:1978 till:1978 color:D text:"[[Muriel Humphrey]]"
  from:1978 till:1978 color:D text:"[[Maryon Allen]]"
  from:1978 till:1997 color:R text:"[[Nancy Kassebaum]]"
  from:1981 till:1987 color:R text:"[[Paula Hawkins (politician)|Paula Hawkins]]"
  from:1987 till:2017 color:D text:"[[Barbara Mikulski]]"
  from:1992 till:1992 color:D text:"[[Jocelyn Burdick]]"
  from:1992 till:2023 color:D text:"[[Dianne Feinstein]]"
  from:1993 till:2017 color:D text:"[[Barbara Boxer]]"
  from:1993 till:1999 color:D text:"[[Carol Moseley-Braun]]"
  from:1993 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Patty Murray]]"
  from:1993 till:2013 color:R text:"[[Kay Bailey Hutchison]]"
  from:1995 till:2013 color:R text:"[[Olympia Snowe]]"
  from:1996 till:1996 color:R text:"[[Sheila Frahm]]"
  from:1997 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Susan Collins]]"
  from:1997 till:2015 color:D text:"[[Mary Landrieu]]"
  from:1999 till:2011 color:D text:"[[Blanche Lincoln]]"
  from:2001 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Maria Cantwell]]"
  from:2001 till:2002 color:D text:"[[Jean Carnahan]]"
  from:2001 till:2009 color:D text:"[[Hillary Clinton]]"
  from:2001 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Debbie Stabenow]]"
  from:2002 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Lisa Murkowski]]"
  from:2003 till:2009 color:R text:"[[Elizabeth Dole]]"
  from:2007 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Amy Klobuchar]]"
  from:2007 till:2019 color:D text:"[[Claire McCaskill]]"
  from:2009 till:2015 color:D text:"[[Kay Hagan]]"
  from:2009 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Jeanne Shaheen]]"
  from:2009 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Kirsten Gillibrand]]"
  from:2011 till:2017 color:R text:"[[Kelly Ayotte]]"
  from:2013 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Tammy Baldwin]]"
  from:2013 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Deb Fischer]]"
  from:2013 till:2019 color:D text:"[[Heidi Heitkamp]]"
  from:2013 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Mazie Hirono]]"
  from:2013 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Elizabeth Warren]]"
  from:2015 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Joni Ernst]]"
  from:2015 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Shelley Moore Capito]]"
  from:2017 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Catherine Cortez Masto]]"
  from:2017 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Tammy Duckworth]]"
  from:2017 till:2021 color:D text:"[[Kamala Harris]]"
  from:2017 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Maggie Hassan]]"
  from:2018 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Tina Smith]]"
  from:2018 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Cindy Hyde-Smith]]"
  from:2019 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Marsha Blackburn]]"
  from:2019 till:2020 color:R text:"[[Martha McSally]]"
  from:2019 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Jacky Rosen]]"
  bar:Sinema
  from:2019 till:2022 color:D text:"
  from:2022 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:I text:"[[Kyrsten Sinema]]"
  barset:Senators2
  from:2020 till:2021 color:R text:"[[Kelly Loeffler]]"
  from:2021 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Cynthia Lummis]]"
  from:2023 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:R text:"[[Katie Britt]]"
  from:2023 till:{{CURRENTYEAR}} color:D text:"[[Laphonza Butler]]"
  barset:skip
}}

==Concurrently serving women from the same state==
On January 3, 2019, Arizona's Kyrsten Sinema and Martha McSally became the first women from the same state to start serving in the Senate on the same date.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! State
! Start date
! End date
! Duration
!colspan="2"|Senior senator
!colspan="2"|Junior senator
|-
|rowspan="2" | California
|rowspan="2" | {{dts|format=mdy|1993|1|3}}
|rowspan="2" | {{dts|format=mdy|2021|1|18}}
|align="center" rowspan="2" | {{age in days nts|1993|1|3|2021|1|18}} days<br>({{ayd|1993|1|3|2021|1|18}})
|rowspan="2" {{party shading/Democratic}}|
|rowspan="2" | [[Dianne Feinstein]] (D)
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|
|[[Barbara Boxer]] (D)<br><small>(January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2017),<br>{{age in days nts|1993|1|3|2017|1|3}} days ({{ayd|1993|1|3|2017|1|3}})</small>
|-
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|
|[[Kamala Harris]] (D)<br><small>(January 3, 2017 – January 18, 2021),<br>{{age in days nts|2017|1|3|2021|1|18}} days ({{ayd|2017|1|3|2021|1|18}})</small>
|-
|Kansas
|{{dts|format=mdy|1996|6|11}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|1996|11|6}}
|align="center"|{{nts|148}} days
|{{party shading/Republican}}|
|[[Nancy Kassebaum]] (R)
|{{party shading/Republican}}|
|[[Sheila Frahm]] (R)
|-
|Maine
|{{dts|format=mdy|1997|1|3}}
|{{dts|format=mdy|2013|1|3}}
|align="center"|{{age in days nts|1997|1|3|2013|1|3}} days<br>({{ayd|1997|1|3|2013|1|3}})
|{{party shading/Republican}}|
|[[Olympia Snowe]] (R)
|{{party shading/Republican}}|
| [[Susan Collins]] (R)
|-
|style="background:#ccc;"|Washington
|style="background:#ccc;"|{{dts|format=mdy|2001|1|3}}
|style="background:#ccc;" align="center"|Present
|style="background:#ccc;" align="center"|{{age in days nts|2001|1|3}} days<br>({{ayd|2001|1|3}})
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|
|style="background:#ccc;"|[[Patty Murray]] (D)
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|
|style="background:#ccc;"|[[Maria Cantwell]] (D)
|-
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|New Hampshire
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|{{dts|format=mdy|2011|1|3}}
|rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ccc;"|Present
|rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#ccc;"|{{age in days nts|2011|1|3}} days<br>({{ayd|2011|1|3}})
|rowspan="2" {{party shading/Democratic}}|
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|[[Jeanne Shaheen]] (D)
|{{party shading/Republican}}|
|[[Kelly Ayotte]] (R)<br><small>(January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017),<br>{{age in days nts|2011|1|3|2017|1|3}} days ({{ayd|2011|1|3|2017|1|3}})</small>
|-
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|
|style="background:#ccc;"|[[Maggie Hassan]] (D)<br><small>(January 3, 2017–present),<br>{{age in days nts|2017|1|3}} days ({{ayd|2017|1|3}})</small>
|-
|style="background:#ccc;"|Minnesota
|style="background:#ccc;"|{{dts|format=mdy|2018|1|3}}
|align="center" style="background:#ccc;"|Present
|align="center" style="background:#ccc;"|{{age in days nts|2018|1|3}} days<br>({{ayd|2018|1|3}})
|{{party shading/DFL}}|
|style="background:#ccc;"|[[Amy Klobuchar]] (DFL)
|{{party shading/DFL}}|
|style="background:#ccc;"|[[Tina Smith]] (DFL)
|-
|style="background:#ccc;"|Nevada
|style="background:#ccc;"|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}}
|align="center" style="background:#ccc;"|Present
|align="center" style="background:#ccc;"|{{age in days nts|2019|1|3}} days<br>({{ayd|2019|1|3}})
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|
|style="background:#ccc;"|[[Catherine Cortez Masto]] (D)
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|
|style="background:#ccc;"|[[Jacky Rosen]] (D)
|-
|Arizona
|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}}
|align="center" |{{dts|format=mdy|2020|12|2}}
|align="center" |{{age in days nts|2019|1|3|2020|12|2}} days<br>({{ayd|2019|1|3|2020|12|2}})
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|
|[[Kyrsten Sinema]] (D)
|{{party shading/Republican}}|
|[[Martha McSally]] (R)
|-
|}

==Elections with two women major-party nominees==
Incumbent senators are in bold.
{| class="wikitable" border="" cellpadding="3"
! colspan="5" |Elections with two women major-party nominees
|-
! Election year
! State
! Winner
! Second-place finisher
! Other major female candidates
|-
|[[1960 United States Senate elections|1960]]
|[[1960 United States Senate election in Maine|Maine]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Margaret Chase Smith]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Lucia Cormier]]
|
|-
|[[1986 United States Senate elections|1986]]
|[[1986 United States Senate election in Maryland|Maryland]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Barbara Mikulski]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Linda Chavez]]
|
|-
|[[1998 United States Senate elections|1998]]
|[[1998 United States Senate election in Washington|Washington]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Patty Murray]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Linda Smith (American politician)|Linda Smith]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2002 United States Senate elections|2002]]
|[[2002 United States Senate election in Louisiana|Louisiana]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Mary Landrieu]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Suzanne Haik Terrell]]
|
|-
|[[2002 United States Senate election in Maine|Maine]] (2)
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Susan Collins]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Chellie Pingree]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2006 United States Senate elections|2006]]
|[[2006 United States Senate election in Maine|Maine]] (3)
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Olympia Snowe]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Jean Hay Bright
|
|-
|[[2006 United States Senate election in Texas|Texas]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Kay Bailey Hutchison]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Barbara Ann Radnofsky]]
|
|-
|[[2008 United States Senate elections|2008]]
|[[2008 United States Senate election in North Carolina|North Carolina]]<ref group="n" name="Dole-Hagan" />
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Kay Hagan]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Elizabeth Dole]]'''
|
|-
|[[2010 United States Senate elections|2010]]
|[[2010 United States Senate election in California|California]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Barbara Boxer]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Carly Fiorina]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[2012 United States Senate elections|2012]]
|[[2012 United States Senate election in California|California]] (2)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Dianne Feinstein]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Elizabeth Emken
|
|-
|[[2012 United States Senate election in Hawaii|Hawaii]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Mazie Hirono]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Linda Lingle]]
|
|-
|[[2012 United States Senate election in New York|New York]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Kirsten Gillibrand]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Wendy Long]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2014 United States Senate elections|2014]]
|[[2014 United States Senate election in Maine|Maine]] (4)
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Susan Collins]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Shenna Bellows]]
|
|-
|[[2014 United States Senate election in West Virginia|West Virginia]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Shelley Moore Capito]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Natalie Tennant]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2016 United States Senate elections|2016]]
|[[2016 United States Senate election in California|California]] (3)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Kamala Harris]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Loretta Sanchez]]
|
|-
|[[2016 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Maggie Hassan]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Kelly Ayotte]]'''
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[2018 United States Senate elections|2018]]
|[[2018 United States Senate election in Arizona|Arizona]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Kyrsten Sinema]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Martha McSally]]
|
|-
|[[2018 United States Senate special election in Minnesota|Minnesota]] 
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Tina Smith]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Karin Housley]]
|
|-
|[[2018 United States Senate election in Nebraska|Nebraska]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Deb Fischer]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Jane Raybould
|  
|-
|[[2018 United States Senate election in New York|New York]] (2)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Kirsten Gillibrand]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Chele Farley
|
|-
|[[2018 United States Senate election in Washington|Washington]] (2)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Maria Cantwell]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Susan Hutchison]]
|
|-
|[[2018 United States Senate election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Tammy Baldwin]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Leah Vukmir]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[2020 United States Senate elections|2020]]
|[[2020 United States Senate election in Iowa|Iowa]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Joni Ernst]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Theresa Greenfield]]
|
|-
|[[2020 United States Senate election in Maine|Maine]] (5)
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Susan Collins]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Sara Gideon]]
|
|-
|[[2020 United States Senate election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] (2)
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Shelley Moore Capito]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Paula Jean Swearengin]]
|
|-
|[[2020 United States Senate election in Wyoming|Wyoming]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Cynthia Lummis]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Merav Ben-David]] 
| 
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[2022 United States Senate elections|2022]]
|[[2022 United States Senate election in Alaska|Alaska]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Lisa Murkowski]]'''  
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Kelly Tshibaka]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Pat Chesbro
|-
|[[2022 United States Senate election in Illinois|Illinois]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Tammy Duckworth]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Kathy Salvi]]
|
|-
|[[2022 United States Senate election in Washington|Washington]] (3)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Patty Murray]]'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Tiffany Smiley
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[2024 United States Senate elections|2024]]
|[[2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee|Tennessee]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Marsha Blackburn]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Gloria Johnson (politician)|Gloria Johnson]]
|
|}

==Pregnancies==
On April 9, 2018, [[Tammy Duckworth]], at age 50, gave birth to her daughter Maile Pearl, becoming the first sitting senator to give birth.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/09/600896586/tammy-duckworth-becomes-first-u-s-senator-to-give-birth-while-in-office| title=Tammy Duckworth Becomes First U.S. Senator To Give Birth While In Office|work=NPR|access-date=April 9, 2018}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, the Senate's rules were changed to allow senators to bring with them to the Senate floor children under one year of age during votes, as well as explicitly allow [[breastfeeding]].<ref name="rules">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/18/politics/tammy-duckworth-senate-baby-rules/index.html| title=Babies now allowed on Senate floor after rule change |first=Sunlen| last=Serfaty| work=CNN|date=April 18, 2018}}</ref> The day after those rules were changed, Maile became the first baby on the Senate floor when Duckworth brought her.<ref name="rules"/><ref name="washingtonpost1">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/a-duckling-onesie-and-a-blazer-the-senate-floor-sees-its-first-baby-but-many-traditions-stand/2018/04/19/451ea160-43e0-11e8-ad8f-27a8c409298b_story.html |title=A duckling onesie and a blazer: The Senate floor sees its first baby, but many traditions stand |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=April 19, 2018 |access-date=April 20, 2018}}</ref>
<!-- Commenting out table because there is no need for a table with only one entry. Table can be restored when a 2nd senator gives birth
{| class="wikitable" border="" cellpadding="3" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
! colspan="5" |senators who have been pregnant while in office
|-
! Senator
! State
! Date of delivery
! Mother's age
! Notes
|-
|[[Tammy Duckworth]]
|Illinois
|April 9, 2018
|align="center"|50
|Previously Senator Duckworth had given birth while serving in the House of Representatives.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rep. Tammy Duckworth gives birth to daughter|date=November 20, 2014|publisher=Chicago Tribune|first=Katherine|last=Skiba|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-tammy-duckworth-baby-met-20141120-story.html}}</ref>
|}
-->

==See also==
* [[Women in the United States House of Representatives]]
* [[Widow's succession]]
* [[List of female governors in the United States]]
* [[Party leaders of the United States Senate]]
*[[Politics of the United States]]
*[[Sexism in American political elections]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/women_senators.htm U.S. Senate History: Women in the Senate]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021204/http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/senate.pdf "Women in the U.S. Senate 1922–2010"] Center for American Women and Politics, [[Eagleton Institute of Politics]], [[Rutgers University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey]]
* {{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/22/us/politics/women-make-new-gains-in-the-senate.html | work=The New York Times | first=Jennifer | last=Steinhauer | date=March 21, 2013 | access-date=March 23, 2013 | title= Once Few, Women Hold More Power in Senate}}
* Maurer, Elizabeth. [https://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/legislating-history "Legislating History: 100 Years of Women in Congress"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423045213/https://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/legislating-history |date=April 23, 2018 }}. National Women's History Museum. 2017.
{{USCongress}}
{{Women in U.S. Government}}
{{Women in national government}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}}

[[Category:Female United States senators| ]]
[[Category:Lists of women politicians in the United States|United States Senate]]
[[Category:Lists of women legislators|United States Senate]]
[[Category:Lists of United States senators]]