Schloss Bellevue (Kassel)
51°18′35″N 9°29′38″E / 51.309839°N 9.493933°E
The Bellevueschloss or Schloss Bellevue was a palace complex in Kassel, Germany, which served as a residence of the Electors of Hesse-Kassel. It was located on the Schöne Aussicht (Template:Lang-en), with view of the Karlsaue park. The building complex consisted of various 18th century palaces, which were combined at the start of the 19th century. In the 1930s, it housed the Landgrafenmuseum. For the most part, it was destroyed during the Second World War and not restored afterwards. With exception of the Bellevue Palace, nothing is left. Currently, the district court of Kassel stands on its location.
History
The Bellevueschloss palace complex was located between the Schöne Aussicht, the Frankfurter Strasse, and the Fünffensterstraße. It consisted of several 18th century palaces and buildings, including:
- The Bellevue Palace building, constructed by the architect Paul du Ry for Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1714. Initially, it served as an observatory, before it became palace used by members of the princely family of Hesse;
- The palace of landgrave Friedrich;
- The palace of prince Georg, constructed by Paul du Ry in 1709; and
- The palace of prince William, later landgrave William VIII of Hesse-Kassel.
At the start of the 19th century, the various buildings were combined in one complex, which was named Bellevue in 1815, French for beautiful view.
During the Napoleonic area, the Electorate of Hesse became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia with Napoleon’s brother, Jérôme Bonaparte as its king. Kassel was the capital. When the Kassel city palace (Template:Lang-de or Template:Lang-de) burned down in 1811, Jérôme moved into the Bellevue palace and made it his main residence.
After Jérôme was expelled in 1813 William IX, later Elector William I of Hesse (1743–1821), returned. William II (1777–1847) also lived here. Electress Augusta (1780–1841), who was estranged from William II, used the palace as her town house and summer residence.[1]
In 1866 Hesse was annexed to Prussia. The building was recovered by a branch of the princely family in 1880.[1] From 1933 until the Second World War it was the residence of Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse (1896–1980), during his tenure as President of the Province of Hesse-Nassau.[2] In the mid-1930s Philipp made parts of the palace into a public art gallery, the Landgrafenmuseum.[3] When Philipp was arrested in September 1943 on suspicion of plotting with the Italian royal family to overthrow Mussolini, the palace was plastered with posters denouncing the Italian royalty.[4]. Most of the palace complex was destroyed during Allied bombing raids, with exception of the ‘Bellevue Palace’ building, which suffered little damage.[5]
The Landgrafenmuseum exhibited both pieces from the state art collection as well as from the princely collections (Kurhessische Hausstiftung). After the Second World War, the collections were split. The princely collections moved to Schloss Fasanerie near Fulda, where they were exhibited in a similar way to the Bellevueschloss, and still can be admired.
After the Second World War, the palace complex was not restored. The princely family sold the grounds and the remaining ‘Bellevue Palace’ building to the city of Kassel in 1956. The local district court stands on its location.
The ‘Bellevue Palace’ building was of the Municipal Art Collection up to 1970.[1]. Later it housed a museum dedicated to the Brothers Grimm, but nowadays it has become the Louis Spohr museum.
References
- ^ a b c Das Palais Bellevue: Brüder-Grimm.
- ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 26.
- ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 149.
- ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 293.
- ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 342.
Literature
- Holtmeyer, Alois (1923). Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler im Regierungsbezirk Kassel, Bd. VI (in German). Marburg.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Metz, Ernst Christopher (1980). Residenzstadt Cassel. Einführung von Gerhard Seib und Angelika Nold (in German). Kassel.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Petropoulos, Jonathan (2006-05-01). Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-979607-6. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- "Das Palais Bellevue - Sitz des Brüder-Grimm Museums". Brüder-Grimm Museum. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- Wegner, Karl-Hermann (1995). Bilder aus dem alten Kassel. Gemälde und Graphiken 1870 – 1940 (in German). Kassel: Freunde des Stadtmuseums Kassel e.V.
External links
