Maakhir

Maakhir State of Somalia ولاية ماخر الصومال
2007–2009
Coat of arms
Anthem: Soomaaliyeey toosoo
Capital	Badhan
Official languages	Somali
Government	Federal state
• President	Mohamud Hamud Liibaan
• Vice-President	Ahmed Guure Adan
History
• Declared	1 July 2007
• Dissolved	11 January 2009
Area
45,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi)
Population
•	120,764
Currency	Somaliland shilling
Calling code	252
Internet TLD	.so
Succeeded by Sanaag

Maakhir ([Goboleedka Maakhir] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help), Arabic: ماخر Maakhirian), officially the Maakhir State of Somalia ([Maamul Goboleedka Maakhiran] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help); Arabic: ولاية ماخر الصومال Wilaayatul baladul Maakhir balad- aṣ-Ṣūmmāal) was an autonomous region in northern Somalia. Also known as Badhan District where most of maakhir is located from and is situated in an area disputed by the Somaliland and Puntland macro-regions. In late 2007, it was incorporated into Somaliland.

Autonomy

Maakhir was a self-proclaimed state that represented the political will of the Warsangali Darod within federal Somalia. The Warsangali were one of the principal actors in the creation of the Puntland State as a successor to the Harti Sultanates after the collapse of the central government in Somalia in 1991. However, since the proclamation of an autonomous Puntland in 1998, some Warsangali felt that they were sidelined while the Majeerteen clan assumed a hegemonic role in the state. Maakhir was brought back into the Puntland fold by General Abdullahi Ahmed Jama ("Ilkajir"), who contested the Puntland election. General Ilkajir became the de facto leader of Maakhir following the dissolution of the Maakhir administration.

In the late 2007, the Somaliland forces invaded the eastern section of Sanaag also known as Badhan District AKA Maakhir region was captured by Somaliland forces and was later officially incorporated into Somaliland authority since late 2007.

History

File:Ground troops of Warsangeli Sultanate.jpg

Royal ground troops of the Warsangali Sultanate.

Maakhir State of Somalia was the descendant of the Sultanate of Mohamoud Ali Shire (Warsangali Sultanate) which is the oldest sultanate in Somalia with a rich history and heritage. The old capital of the Warsangali sultanate was Las Khorey.

The Sultanate of Mohamoud Ali Shire was considered by colonial authorities as having largely hegemonic authority over the other Harti sultanates, and the Warsangali played a large role in 19th century administration of Italian and British Somaliland. As the 20th century began however, the British and Italians ended the independence of the semi-independent Sultanates, and the Harti Confederation was dissolved in the midst of Italian and British rule, ending the traditional role of the Warsangali. Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shireh was exiled to the Seychelles – "the islands to which many prominent anti-colonial leaders used to be exiled".

After independence, the Majeerteen emerged as the leaders of the Harti group following the USP's merger with SYL—active political parties on the eve of Somali independence. The Warsangali have however maintained their preeminent position as the traditional leaders of the Harti. This has challenged Puntland's attempts to assert its authority in Sanaag and western Bari.

In the early 2000's, Badhan District was part of the briefly-extant Maakhir autonomous region of Somalia. The polity was later officially incorporated into Somaliland authority by late 2007.

Administrative divisions

Maakhir claimed the following administrative divisions:

Laasqoray, Maakhir, Somalia.

• Sanaag
  • Badhan - Capital of Maakhir.
  • Carmale
  • Hadaaftimo
  • Damalla-Hagare
  • Yubbe
• calmadow
  • laasqoray
  • durduri
  • ulxee
  • mashaxaleed
  • Xaydhayle
  • Geel-wayte
  • Waq-dariya
• Haylaan
  • Dhahar
  • Ceelaayo
  • Baragaha Qol
  • Gacal guule
  • Hingalol
  • Buraan
• Barii
  • Boosaaso
  • Galgala
  • Ceel daahir
  • Majiyahan

Cities and towns

The biggest cities in the area claimed by Maakhir Authority were Badhan, Las Khorey, Dhahar, Hadaftimo, Buraan, Elaayo, Galgala and Hingalol

Politics and government

Parliamentary seats
Warsangeli seats
Subclan Seats Location Adan Sa'iid, Cumar 4 Hadaaftimo, Badhan, Laasqoray, Mashaxaleed,ulxeed and Central and Coastal Sanaag Bah-Majeerteen, Cumar 2 Badhan, Laasqoray, Eilbuh, Hadaaftimo, Central Sanaag Gashanbur, Cumar 2 Buraan, East Sanaag Warlabe 2 Badhan, Eilbuh, Laasqoray, Rad, Laako, Hidid, Durduri, Central and Coastal Sanaag Ogayslabe 2 Badhan, Hadaaftimo, Ceerigaabo, Lasqoray, Coastal Sanaag Reer Saalah, Cumar 2 Midigale, Xingalool,Badhan, Buraan, Habar-shiro, Central Sanaag Muhumud, Cumar 1 Shinbirale, Western Sanaag Rer Faatah, Cumar 1 Laasqoray,Badhan, Central Sanag respectively Nouh Omar, Cumar 6 Erigavo, Yubbe,Hadaftimo Gelweyte, Xadhayeele,Waqdariya, North Sanaag And East-Sanag Cumar| 1 Erigavo, Carmaale, Damale Haggare, Western Sanaag Bahidoor, Cumar 1 Hingalool, South Sanaag Jibrel Sa'iid, Cumar 1 Erigavo, Darasalaam, Western Sanaag Adan Yakub, Cumar 1 Hingalool, South Sanaag Reer Maxamed, Dubays 2 Dhahar, Haylaan and Bari Reer xasan, Dubays 2 Haylaan and Bari Reer yuusuf, Dubays 2 Haylaan and Bari Reer maxamed, cumar Dubays 1 Haylaan and Bari Xuseena Darays, Dubays 1 Haylaan and Bari Reer cali muuse, Dubays 1 Haylaan and Bari Reer cali Goray, Dubays 1 Haylaan and Bari Xaniif, Dubays 1 Haylaan and Bari reer cagla, Dubays 1 Haylaan and Bari Awramale 5 Kismayo, Bulo Haji
Other seats
Minority group Seats Location Women 5 Not specified Dir clans 2 Laasqoray, Erigavo

Makhir officially became recognized as a region of Somaliland in the eastern side of Sanaag.

Government

Due to drought conditions, administrative problems and threats of invasion from Somaliland, the government of Maakhir was dissolved on 6 April 2008 by governmental and presidential decree. Ever since Somaliland took control of Maakhir region, the region developed and gained multiple support and fund raise from the local people of Somaliland.

The two branches of government in Maakhir (the Parliament and the Executive) were led by:

• President Jibril Ali Salad - President of Maakhir
• Eng. Ahmed Guure Aadan - The House of Representative Speaker

State secretaries

Maakhir State of Somaliland had 17 state secretaries.

Former President Salad appointed seven people to his cabinet on 4 August 2007. Ahmed Sheikh Salah resigned from the cabinet due to health reasons, and eleven more secretaries were added on 8 September 2007, establishing the following State Secretaries (called Xoghayaashan in Somali):

• Mr. Ahmed Hussein Yuusuf - Secretary of State for Interior and Security Department
• ENG Saeed Adan Saeed - Secretary of State for Housing.
• Miss Hodan Khalif issa - Secretary State for Finance and Commerce.
• Mr. Iimaan Haji Warsame Faarah - Secretary of State for Environment.
• Mr. Abdifitah Hussein Mohamed - Secretary of State for Social and Labor & Employers affairs.
• Mr. Sa'iid Du'aale Mohamed - Secretary of State for Transports.
• Mr. Sadik Abdi Misan - Secretary of State for Natural Resources
• Mr. Ali Sa'iid Osmaan Qodah - Secretary of State for Trade and Manufacturing
• Mr. Abdurrahman Sa'iid Ahmed - Secretary of State for International Relations
• Prof. Ali Abdurrahman Hirsi - Secretary of State for Federal relations
• Prof. Mohamed Ali Mohamed - Secretary of State for reconciliation and peace affairs.
• Mr. Omar Liibaan - Secretary of State for justice and Religious affairs.
• Ms. Zainab Ismaa'iil Mohamed - Secretary of State for Family welfare.
• Dr. Ahmed Ali Mire - Secretary of State for Agricultures and Livestock
• Mr. Abdulkadir Mohamed Sa'iid - Secretary of State for Fishing and marine resources.
• Eng. Abdirizak Ali Mohamed (Black) - Secretary of State for Media and Culture.
• Mr. Ali Mohamud Nuur (Ali Sanaag) - Commander of Maakhir Police Forces.

The Parliament of Maakhir had 38 members

Recognition

Maakhir had received legitimate political support from the Somaliland government and was later established as a region of Somaliland.

See also

• Somaliland-Puntland dispute