Lathyrus
| Lathyrus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Grass vetchling (Lathyrus nissolia) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Tribe: | Fabeae |
| Genus: | Lathyrus L.[1] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Lathyrus /ˈlæθɪrəs/[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings,[1] they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.[3] There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including Orobus, which was once a separate genus.[4]
Uses
Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) and the perennial everlasting pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Flowers on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to fungal infections including downy and powdery mildew.
Other species are grown for food, including the Indian pea (L. sativus) and the red pea (L. cicera), and less commonly cyprus-vetch (L. ochrus) and Spanish vetchling (L. clymenum). The tuberous pea (L. tuberosus) is grown as a root vegetable for its starchy edible tuber. The seeds of some Lathyrus species contain the toxic amino acid oxalyldiaminopropionic acid and if eaten in large quantities can cause lathyrism, a serious disease.[5]
Diversity
Species include:[6]
- Lathyrus alpestris
- Lathyrus angulatus – angled pea
- Lathyrus annuus – red fodder pea
- Lathyrus aphaca – yellow pea
- Lathyrus aureus – golden pea
- Lathyrus basalticus
- Lathyrus bauhinii
- Lathyrus belinensis
- Lathyrus biflorus – twoflower pea
- Lathyrus bijugatus – drypark pea
- Lathyrus blepharicarpus – ciliate vetchling
- Lathyrus boissieri
- Lathyrus brachycalyx – Bonneville pea
- Lathyrus cassius
- Lathyrus chloranthus
- Lathyrus cicera – red pea
- Lathyrus ciliolatus
- Lathyrus cirrhosus
- Lathyrus clymenum – Spanish vetchling
- Lathyrus crassipes – arvejilla
- Lathyrus cyaneus
- Lathyrus davidii
- Lathyrus decaphyllus – prairie vetchling
- Lathyrus delnorticus – Del Norte pea
- Lathyrus digitatus
- Lathyrus eucosmus – semmly vetchling, bush vetchling
- Lathyrus filiformis
- Lathyrus gloeospermus
- Lathyrus gorgoni
- Lathyrus graminifolius – grassleaf pea
- Lathyrus grandiflorus – twoflower everlasting pea
- Lathyrus grimesii – Grimes' pea
- Lathyrus heterophyllus – Norfolk everlasting pea
- Lathyrus hirsutus – hairy vetchling
- Lathyrus hitchcockianus – Bullfrog Mountain pea
- Lathyrus holochlorus – thinleaf pea
- Lathyrus hygrophilus
- Lathyrus inconspicuus
- Lathyrus incurvus
- Lathyrus japonicus – sea pea, beach pea
- Lathyrus jepsonii – delta tule pea
- Lathyrus laetivirens – aspen pea
- Lathyrus laevigatus
- Lathyrus lanszwertii – Nevada pea
- Lathyrus latifolius – everlasting pea, perennial pea
- Lathyrus laxiflorus
- Lathyrus libani – Lebanon vetchling
- Lathyrus linifolius – bitter vetch, heath pea
- Lathyrus littoralis – silky beach pea
- Lathyrus macropus
- Lathyrus magellanicus
- Lathyrus nervosus – Lord Anson's blue pea
- Lathyrus nevadensis – Sierra pea
- Lathyrus niger – black pea
- Lathyrus nissolia – grass vetchling
- Lathyrus nudicaulis
- Lathyrus ochroleucus – cream pea
- Lathyrus ochrus – Cyprus-vetch
- Lathyrus odoratus – sweet pea
- Lathyrus palustris – marsh pea
- Lathyrus pannonicus
- Lathyrus pauciflorus – fewflower pea
- Lathyrus polyphyllus – leafy pea
- Lathyrus pratensis – meadow vetchling
- Lathyrus pseudocicera
- Lathyrus pubescens
- Lathyrus pusillus – tiny pea, singletary vetchling
- Lathyrus quinquenervius
- Lathyrus rigidus – stiff pea
- Lathyrus roseus
- Lathyrus sativus – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch
- Lathyrus sphaericus – grass pea
- Lathyrus splendens – pride of California
- Lathyrus sulphureus – snub pea
- Lathyrus sylvestris – flat pea
- Lathyrus szowitsii
- Lathyrus tingitanus – Tangier pea
- Lathyrus torreyi – Torrey's peavine
- Lathyrus tuberosus – tuberous pea
- Lathyrus undulatus – wavy pea
- Lathyrus vaniotii – Korean mountain vetchling[7]
- Lathyrus venetus
- Lathyrus venosus – veiny pea, bushy vetchling
- Lathyrus vernus – spring pea
- Lathyrus vestitus – Pacific pea
- Lathyrus vinealis
- Lathyrus whitei
Jewish law
Lathyrus can be mixed with bitter peas without violating the Jewish law of Kilayim.[8]
Ecology
Lathyrus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the grey chi (Antitype chi) and the latticed heath (Chiasmia clathrata), both recorded on meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), and Chionodes braunella.
Notes
- ^ a b c "genus Lathyrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ Asmussen, C. B; A. Liston. (March 1998). "Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of Lathyrus (Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 85 (3): 387–401. doi:10.2307/2446332. JSTOR 2446332. PMID 21684923.
- ^ Fred, Edwin Broun; Baldwin, Ira Lawrence; McCoy, Elizabeth (1932). Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-893311-28-2.
- ^ Barrow, M. V.; et al. (1974). "Lathyrism: A Review". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 49 (2): 101–128. doi:10.1086/408017. JSTOR 2820941. PMID 4601279.
- ^ GRIN Species Records of Lathyrus. Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
- ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 511. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
- ^ Mishnayot Kilayim 1:1
External links
Media related to Lathyrus at Wikimedia Commons- Calflora Database: Lathyrus species index
- Jepson Flora Project: Key to Lathyrus
