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Hetauda

Coordinates: 27°25′N 85°02′E / 27.417°N 85.033°E / 27.417; 85.033
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Hetauda
हेटौंडा
Sub-Metropolitan City
Clockwise from top: Sahid Smarak,Bhutandevi Temple,Manakamana Temple
Seal of Hetauda sub-metropolitan city
Seal
Hetauda is located in Bagmati Province
Hetauda
Hetauda
Location in Nepal
Hetauda is located in Nepal
Hetauda
Hetauda
Hetauda (Nepal)
Coordinates: 27°25′N 85°02′E / 27.417°N 85.033°E / 27.417; 85.033
CountryNepal
ProvinceBagmati
DistrictMakwanpur
Government
 • TypeMayor–council
 • MayorMina Kumari Lama (Unified Socialist)
 • Deputy MayorRajesh Baniya (NC)
Area
 • Total261.59 km2 (101.00 sq mi)
Elevation
345 m (1,132 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total195,951
 • Rank10th (Nepal)
4th (Bagmati Province)
 • Density750/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
 • Ethnicities
Bahun Chhetri Tamang Newars Rais Magars
Time zoneUTC+5:45 (NST)
Post code
44100, 44107
Area code057
Websitewww.hetaudamun.gov.np

Hetauda (Template:Lang-ne, pronounced [heˈʈʌu̯ɽa]) is a sub-metropolitan city in Makwanpur district of Bagmati Province in central Nepal. It is the administrative headquarters of the Makwanpur district and the capital of Bagmati Province as declared by a majority (105 out of 110) of the Provincial Assembly Members on 12 January 2020.[1] Hetauda is one of the largest cities in Nepal. At the 2015 Nepal census, it had a population of 153,875 people.[2] The city's population grew to 195,951 in 2021.[3]

History

शहिद स्मारक (Sahid Smarak)

It is believed[by whom?] that Hetauda got its name from Hidimba, a demonic queen who ended up marrying Bhimsen as per a story in Mahabharat. The fact that there is a place called Bhimphedi just as the plains of Hetauda meets the mountains can be considered a manifestation of this belief. During the Rana regime in Nepal, there was a history of cars being carried by porters to Kathmandu through Bhimphedi.[4]

Economy

The Hetauda Industrial District (HID) is one of the biggest industrial districts in Nepal,[citation needed][5] housing large, medium-scale, and cottage industry. It was established in 1963 under technical and financial assistance of the government of the United States of America.

Demographics

At the 2011 Nepal census, Hetauda Submetropolitan City had a population of 154,660. Of these, 61.9% spoke Nepali, 26.4% Tamang, 4.8% Newar, 2.2% Bhojpuri, 1.4% Maithili, 1.0% Magar, 0.4% Chepang, 0.3% Gurung, 0.3% Hindi, 0.2% Tharu, 0.2% Urdu, 0.1% Bhujel, 0.1% Lepcha, 0.1% Rai, 0.1% Rajasthani and 0.2% other languages as their first language.[6]

In terms of ethnicity/caste, 31.1% were Tamang, 26.6% Hill Brahmin, 13.8% Chhetri, 8.8% Newar, 4.3% Magar, 3.1% Kami, 2.0% Rai, 1.0% Musalman, 0.9% Damai/Dholi, 0.9% Kathabaniyan, 0.8% Gurung, 0.7% Chepang/Praja, 0.7% Sarki, 0.6% Danuwar, 0.5% Tharu, 0.3% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.3% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.3% Thakuri, 0.2% Kalwar, 0.2% Kanu, 0.2% Marwadi, 0.2% Teli, 0.2% other Terai, 0.2% Yadav, 0.1% Terai Brahmin, 0.1% other Dalit, 0.1% Dhanuk, 0.1% Ghale, 0.1% Hajjam/Thakur, 0.1% Kayastha, 0.1% Koiri/Kushwaha, 0.1% Kumal, 0.1% Kurmi, 0.1% Limbu, 0.1% Majhi, 0.1% Rajput, 0.1% Sonar, 0.1% Sudhi, 0.1% Sunuwar and 0.1% others.[7]

In terms of religion, 67.3% were Hindu, 27.9% Buddhist, 3.5% Christian, 1.0% Muslim, 0.1% Kirati, 0.1% Prakriti and 0.1% others.[8]

In terms of literacy, 78.7% could read and write, 2.2% could only read and 19.0% could neither read nor write.[9]

Religion in Hetauda (2011)
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 67%
Buddhism
 
 28%
Christianity
 
 3%
Others
 
 1%

[10]

Caste and Ethnic groups in Hetauda

  Tamang (31%)
  Hill Brahman (27%)
  Chhetri (14%)
  Newar (9%)
  Magar (4%)
  Kami (3%)
  Others (12%)

language in Hetauda

  Nepali (62%)
  Tamang (26%)
  Newari (5%)
  Bhojpuri (2%)
  Others (3%)
Broad Caste and Ethnicity category (2011 census)
Broad Ethnic Category Sub Category[11] Linguistic Family Population Percentage
Khas (Hill/Pahari Caste Groups) Khas Brahmin, Chhetri, Kami, Thakuri, Damai Sarki,Sanyasi/Dasnami Indo-Aryan 45.3%
Janajati (Hill Tribal Groups) Magar,Tamang,Gurung, Sherpa,Rai,Limbu etc. Sino-Tibetan 38.6%
Newar (Kathmandu Valley Caste Groups) Newari Brahmin, Shrestha, Tamrakar, Newar Buddhist, Maharjan, Rajkarnikar etc. Indo-Aryan And Sino-Tibetan 8.8%
Madeshi (Terai Caste Groups) Yadav, Maithil Brahmins, Chamar, Kushwaha, Musahar, Kurmi, Dhanuk etc. Indo-Aryan 2.9%
Muslim - Indo-Aryan 1%
Adibasi (Terai Indigenous Groups) Tharu, Rajbanshi, etc. Indo-Aryan And Sino-Tibetan 0.8%
Others - Indo-Aryan 2.6%

Attractions

One of the most popular attractions of Hetauda is Martyr Memorial Park,[12] or Sahid Smarak (Nepali: शहीद स्मारक), which was completed in 1994. The park honors Nepalese martyrs, from those who died in the British colonial wars to those who overthrew the autocratic Panchayat system in 1989. A series of sculptures of these martyrs sit on a large boulder; their faces were sculpted by student volunteers from Lalit Kala Campus. The park is also popular as a picnic spot and as an escape from the busy city life. It has a swimming pool and a zoo that houses some endangered and some common wild animals, from monkeys to leopards.

There are other attractions in Hetauda such as Makanpur Gadhi, Gumba Danda, Bhutandevi Mandir, Hatiya Jurethum Tourism Park, Banaskhandi Devi Mandir, Churia Mai Temple, Puspalal Smriti Peace Park, Kushmanda Sarowar Triveni Dham.

Education

Education in Hetauda started with the establishment of Shree Bhutan Devi Secondary School (now Shree Bhutan Devi Higher Secondary School). Some notable education institutions include:

Climate

Climate data for Hetauda (1976–2005)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		29.9
(85.8) 		33.3
(91.9) 		33.4
(92.1) 		32.6
(90.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.1
(88.0) 		29.5
(85.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		23.7
(74.7) 		29.2
(84.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2) 		8.6
(47.5) 		12.6
(54.7) 		17.3
(63.1) 		20.9
(69.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.2
(72.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		12.1
(53.8) 		8.2
(46.8) 		16.3
(61.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18.3
(0.72) 		19.7
(0.78) 		23.8
(0.94) 		69.5
(2.74) 		180.8
(7.12) 		372.4
(14.66) 		686.6
(27.03) 		558.4
(21.98) 		374.9
(14.76) 		97.2
(3.83) 		12.2
(0.48) 		16.1
(0.63) 		2,429.9
(95.67)
Source: Agricultural Extension in South Asia[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ "PA decides to call Province 3 Bagmati, with Hetauda as its permanent HQ". The Himalayan Times. 13 January 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  2. ^ "Nepal Census 2001". Nepal's Village Development Committees. Digital Himalaya. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
  3. ^ "Census Nepal 2021". censusnepal.cbs.gov.np. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  4. ^ Hatuwali, Chandra Kumar. "Cars didn't carry people, people carried cars | Nepali Times Buzz | Nepali Times". archive.nepalitimes.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  5. ^ "Industrial Districts". Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  6. ^ NepalMap Language [1]
  7. ^ NepalMap Caste [2]
  8. ^ NepalMap Religion [3]
  9. ^ NepalMap Literacy [4]
  10. ^ "NepalMap profile: Hetaunda Sub-Metropolitan City". NepalMap. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  11. ^ "NepalMap profile: Kathmandu Metropolitan".
  12. ^ "Martyrs' Memorial Park turns tourist spot". GorakhaPatra. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  13. ^ "TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF CLIMATE CHANGE OVER NEPAL (1976-2005)" (PDF). Agricultural Extension in South Asia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
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