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Any Serbian citizen over age 18 may be a candidate in presidential, parliamentary, provincial or local elections, provided that a sufficient number of endorsements by Serbian voters is obtained beforehand. At least five days before the election, citizens are notified about the election, receive information about the day and time of the election, and the address of the polling station where they could vote. Voting takes place in polling stations in Serbia and abroad, monitored by an electoral board and observers at each station. During the election day, registered voters could vote from 07:00 (UTC+01:00) to 20:00, though if the polling station is opened later than 07:00, voting is then extended by the amount of time for which the opening of the polling station was delayed. Ballots consist of an election list with ordinal numbers (which are circled to indicate a vote). All votes are counted by hand. Depending on the type of the elections, national, provincial or local electoral commission publishes official results and handles complaints, supported by county, city and town electoral commissions during local elections. Decisions of the electoral commissions may be appealed at the Constitutional Court.
The President of the Republic is elected for a five-year term by a direct vote of all citizens in a majority system, requiring runoff elections if no candidate wins more than 50 percent of votes in the first round.
The deputies for the National Assembly are elected for a four-year term. The whole country is one electoral district. To submit an electoral list, at least 10,000 valid signatures must be collected, though ethnic minority parties only need to collect 5,000 signature to qualify on ballot. At least 40 percent of candidates on electoral lists must be female.[1] The 250 seats are then distributed between the lists using d'Hondt method. There is a minimum voting threshold of 3% so that only the party lists which get more than 3% of the votes are awarded the seats. There is no threshold for the ethnic minority lists.
The 120 members of the Assembly of Vojvodina are elected by closed-listproportional representation from a single province-wide constituency.[4][5] Eligible voters vote for electoral lists, on which the registered candidates are present.[4] A maximum of 120 candidates could be present on a single electoral list.[6] An electoral list could be only submitted by a registered political party.[6][7] To submit an electoral list, at least 4,000 valid signatures must be collected, though ethnic minority parties only need to collect 2,000 signature to qualify on ballot. At least 40 percent of candidates on electoral lists must be female.[8] The electoral list is submitted by its chosen ballot representative.[9] An electoral list could be declined, after which those who had submitted can fix the deficiencies in a span of 48 hours, or rejected, if the person is not authorised to nominate candidates.[9] The name and date of the election, names of the electoral lists and its ballot representatives, and information on how to vote are only present on the voting ballot.[6][9]
The Provincial Electoral Commission (PIK), local election commissions, and polling boards oversee the election.[6] Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method with an electoral threshold of 3 percent of all votes cast, although the threshold is waived for ethnic minority parties.[4][6][10] The seats are distributed by dividing the total number of votes received by the electoral list participating in the distribution of seats by each number from one to 120.[6][9] If two or more electoral lists receive the same quotients on the basis of which the seat is distributed, the electoral list that received the greater number of votes has priority.[9] Seats are awarded to candidates from electoral lists according to their order, starting with the first candidate from an electoral list.[6]
A provincial election is called by the president of the Assembly of Vojvodina, who also has to announce its date and dissolve the Assembly in the process.[6] It is possible for a snap election to take place.
^"Cenzus tri odsto, na listama 40 procenata žena" [Three percent threshold, 40 percent of women on the lists]. Radio Television of Serbia (in Serbian). 8 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
^"Rezultati izbora" [Election results]. Republic Electoral Commission (in Serbian). 17 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
^"Cenzus tri odsto, na listama 40 procenata žena" [Three percent threshold, 40 percent of women on the lists]. Radio Television of Serbia (in Serbian). 8 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
^ abcde"Zakon o izboru narodnih poslanika" [Law on Election of People's Deputies]. Pravno-informacioni sistem (in Serbian). 7 February 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
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