Visa requirements for Australian passport holders are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Australia entering with an Australian passport.
As of 2024, Australian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 189 countries and territories, ranking the Australian passport 5th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]
Besides visa requirements, most countries specify other requirements for the entry of Australian and other citizens into their country. For example, that a prospective entrant has no criminal history or health issues, or that there is evidence of sufficient funds or of a ticket for exit.
Visa requirements map
editVisa requirements
editEach country has a multitude of visa types, each with its particular purpose and requirements. Rules for visits by ordinary passport holders are as follows:
Country / Region | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) | Reciprocity [Note 1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Visa required[2] |
|
√ | |
Albania | Visa not required[4] | 90 days | X | |
Algeria | Visa required[5] |
|
√ | |
Andorra | Visa not required[6] | 90 days | √ | |
Angola | Visa not required[7] | 30 days |
|
X |
Antigua and Barbuda | Visa not required[10] | 1 month | X | |
Argentina | Visa not required[11] | 90 days | X | |
Armenia | Visa not required[12] | 180 days | X | |
Austria | Visa not required[13] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Azerbaijan | eVisa[15][16] | 30 days | X | |
Bahamas | Visa not required[17] | 3 months | X | |
Bahrain | eVisa / Visa on arrival[18] | 14 days | X | |
Bangladesh | Visa on arrival[19] | 30 days |
|
X |
Barbados | Visa not required[21] | 6 months | X | |
Belarus | Visa not required[22] | 30 days |
|
X |
Belgium | Visa not required[23] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Belize | Visa not required[24] | 30 days | X | |
Benin | eVisa[25][26] | 30 days |
|
X |
Bhutan | eVisa[27][28] |
|
√ | |
Bolivia | Visa not required[29] | 90 days | X | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa not required[30] | 90 days |
|
X |
Botswana | Visa not required[31] | 90 days |
|
X |
Brazil | Visa not required / eVisa[32][33] | 90 days |
|
X |
Brunei | Visa on arrival[35] | 30 days | X | |
Bulgaria | Visa not required[36] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Burkina Faso | eVisa / Visa on arrival[37][38] | X | ||
Burundi | Visa on arrival[39] | 1 month | Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Burundi.[40] | √ |
Cambodia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[41][42] | 30 days |
|
X |
Cameroon | eVisa[43][44] |
|
√ | |
Canada | Visa not required[45] | 6 months | √ | |
Cape Verde | Visa on arrival[47] |
|
X | |
Central African Republic | Visa required[49] |
|
√ | |
Chad | Visa required[51] | Due to the significant risk of terrorism, kidnapping, crime and civil unrest, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Chad.[52] | √ | |
Chile | eVisa[53][54] | 90 days | X | |
China | Visa not required[55] | 30 days |
|
X |
Colombia | Visa not required[60] | 90 days |
|
X |
Comoros | Visa on arrival[61] | 45 days | X | |
Republic of the Congo | Visa required[62] |
|
√ | |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | eVisa[63][64] | 7 days |
|
√ |
Costa Rica | Visa not required[65] | 90 days | X | |
Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa[66][67] | 3 months |
|
X |
Croatia | Visa not required[68] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Cuba | eVisa[69] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Cyprus | Visa not required[70] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Czech Republic | Visa not required[71] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Denmark | Visa not required[72] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Djibouti | eVisa[73][74] | 90 days | X | |
Dominica | Visa not required[75] | 6 months | X | |
Dominican Republic | Visa not required[76] | 90 days | X | |
Ecuador | Visa not required[77] | 90 days[78] | X | |
Egypt | eVisa / Visa on arrival[79][80] | 30 days | X | |
El Salvador | Visa not required[81] | 3 months | X | |
Equatorial Guinea | eVisa[82][83] | 30 days | √ | |
Eritrea | Visa required[84] |
|
√ | |
Estonia | Visa not required[85] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Eswatini | Visa not required[86] | 30 days[78] | X | |
Ethiopia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[87] | up to 90 days |
|
X |
Fiji | Visa not required[90] | 4 months | X | |
Finland | Visa not required[91] | 90 days |
|
√ |
France | Visa not required[92] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Gabon | eVisa[93][94] | 90 days |
|
X |
Gambia | Visa not required[95] | 90 days | X | |
Georgia | Visa not required[96] | 1 year | X | |
Germany | Visa not required[97] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Ghana | Emergency entry visa / Visa on arrival[99] |
|
√ | |
Greece | Visa not required[100] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Grenada | Visa not required[101] | 3 months | X | |
Guatemala | Visa not required[102] | 90 days | X | |
Guinea | eVisa[103][104] | 90 days | X | |
Guinea-Bissau | Visa on arrival[105] | 90 days | X | |
Guyana | Visa not required[106] | X | ||
Haiti | Visa not required[107] | 3 months | X | |
Honduras | Visa not required[108] | 3 months | X | |
Hungary | Visa not required[109] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Iceland | Visa not required[110] | 90 days |
|
√ |
India | eVisa[111][112] | Up to 90 days |
|
X |
Indonesia | e-VOA / Visa on arrival[115] | 30 days[116] |
|
X |
Iran | eVisa[117][118] | 30 days |
|
X |
Iraq | eVisa / Visa on arrival[120][121] | 60 days | Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Iraq.[122] | √ |
Ireland | Visa not required[123] | 3 months | √ | |
Israel | Visa not required[124] | 3 months |
|
X |
Italy | Visa not required[126] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Jamaica | Visa not required[127] | 30 days | X | |
Japan | Visa not required[128][129][130][131] | 90 days | √ | |
Jordan | eVisa / Visa on arrival[132][133] | 30 days |
|
X |
Kazakhstan | Visa not required[134] | 30 days | X | |
Kenya | Electronic Travel Authorisation[135][136] | 3 months |
|
X |
Kiribati | Visa not required[138] | 120 days | X | |
North Korea | Visa required[139] |
|
√ | |
South Korea | Electronical Travel Authorization[140][141] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Kuwait | eVisa / Visa on arrival[143][144] | 3 months | X | |
Kyrgyzstan | Visa not required[145] | 60 days |
|
X |
Laos | eVisa / Visa on arrival[147] | 30 days |
|
X |
Latvia | Visa not required[151] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Lebanon | Free visa on arrival[152] | 1 month |
|
X |
Lesotho | Visa not required[153] | 14 days | X | |
Liberia | Visa required[154] |
|
√ | |
Libya | eVisa[155][156] | Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Libya.[157] | √ | |
Liechtenstein | Visa not required[158] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Lithuania | Visa not required[159] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Luxembourg | Visa not required[160] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Madagascar | Visa on arrival[161] | 60 days | X | |
Malawi | Visa not required[162] | 30 days | X | |
Malaysia | Visa not required[163] | 3 months | √ | |
Maldives | Free visa on arrival[164] | 30 days[78] | X | |
Mali | Visa required[165] |
|
√ | |
Malta | Visa not required[166] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Marshall Islands | Visa on arrival[167] | 90 days | X | |
Mauritania | Visa on arrival[168] |
|
X | |
Mauritius | Visa not required[169] | 90 days | X | |
Mexico | Visa not required[170] | 180 days | X | |
Micronesia | Visa not required[171] | 30 days | X | |
Moldova | Visa not required[172] | 90 days |
|
X |
Monaco | Visa not required[173] | √ | ||
Mongolia | Visa not required[174] | 30 days |
|
√ |
Montenegro | Visa not required[176] | 90 days |
|
X |
Morocco | Visa not required[177] | 3 months | X | |
Mozambique | eVisa / Visa on arrival[178][179] | 30 days |
|
X |
Myanmar | eVisa[180][181] | 28 days | Due to ongoing civil unrest and armed conflict, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Myanmar.[182] | X |
Namibia | Visa not required[183] | 3 months | X | |
Nauru | Visa required[184] |
|
√ | |
Nepal | Online Visa / Visa on arrival[186] | 90 days[187] | X | |
Netherlands | Visa not required[188] | 90 days |
|
√ |
New Zealand | Visa not required[189] | Indefinitely |
|
√ |
Nicaragua | Visa not required[194] | 90 days | X | |
Niger | Visa required[195] |
|
√ | |
Nigeria | eVisa[196][197] | 90 days |
|
√ |
North Macedonia | Visa not required[198] | 90 days |
|
X |
Norway | Visa not required[199] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Oman | Visa not required / eVisa[203][204] | 14 days / 30 days | X | |
Pakistan | eVisa[205] | 90 days |
|
X |
Palau | Free visa on arrival[206] | 30 days | X | |
Panama | Visa not required[207] | 90 days | X | |
Papua New Guinea | eVisa[208][209] | 30 days | X | |
Paraguay | Visa not required[210] | 90 days | X | |
Peru | Visa not required[211] | 90 days | X | |
Philippines | Visa not required[212] | 30 days | X | |
Poland | Visa not required[213] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Portugal | Visa not required[214] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Qatar | Visa not required[215][216] | 30 days | X | |
Romania | Visa not required[217] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Russia | Visa required[218] |
|
√ | |
Rwanda | Visa not required[219] | 30 days |
|
X |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa not required[220] | 3 months | X | |
Saint Lucia | Visa not required[221] | 6 weeks | X | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa not required[222] | 3 month | X | |
Samoa | Visa not required[223] | 60 days | X | |
San Marino | Visa not required[224] | 90 days | √ | |
São Tomé and Príncipe[225][226] | eVisa | X | ||
Saudi Arabia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[227][228] | 90 days |
|
X |
Senegal | Visa on arrival[229] | 90 days | X | |
Serbia | Visa not required[230] | 90 days |
|
X |
Seychelles | Electronic Border System[231][232] | 3 months |
|
X |
Sierra Leone | eVisa / Visa on arrival[233][234] | 3 months / 30 days | X | |
Singapore | Visa not required[235] | 90 days | √ | |
Slovakia | Visa not required[236] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Slovenia | Visa not required[237] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Solomon Islands | Free Visitor's permit on arrival[238] | 3 months | X | |
Somalia | Visa on arrival[239] | Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Somalia.[240] | X | |
South Africa | Visa not required[241] | 90 days | X | |
South Sudan | eVisa[242][243] |
|
X | |
Spain | Visa not required[244] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Sri Lanka | Electronic Travel Authorization[245][246] | 60 days / 30 days |
|
X |
Sudan | Visa required[248] |
|
√ | |
Suriname | Visa not required[249][250] | 90 days | X | |
Sweden | Visa not required[253] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Switzerland | Visa not required[254] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Syria | eVisa[255][256] | Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Syria.[257] | √ | |
Tajikistan | Visa not required[258] | 30 days |
|
X |
Tanzania | eVisa / Visa on arrival[260][261] | 90 days | X | |
Thailand | Visa not required[262] | 60 days |
|
X |
Timor-Leste | Visa on arrival[263] | 30 days |
|
X |
Togo | eVisa[265][266] | 15 days | X | |
Tonga | Free visa on arrival[267] | 31 days | X | |
Trinidad and Tobago | Visa on arrival[268] | 30 days | X | |
Tunisia | Visa not required[269] | 3 months | X | |
Turkey | eVisa[270][271] | 90 days |
|
X |
Turkmenistan | Visa required[272] |
|
√ | |
Tuvalu | Visa on arrival[273] | 1 month[78] | X | |
Uganda | eVisa[274][275] | 3 months |
|
X |
Ukraine | Visa not required[276] | 90 days |
|
X |
United Arab Emirates | Visa not required[277] | 30 days |
|
X |
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies | Visa not required[278] | 6 months |
|
√ |
United States | Visa Waiver Program[280][281] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Uruguay | Visa not required[284] | 3 months | X | |
Uzbekistan | Visa not required[285] | 30 days | X | |
Vanuatu | Visa not required[286] | 30 days[78] | X | |
Vatican City | Visa not required[287] | √ | ||
Venezuela | Visa not required[288] | 90 days | Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Venezuela.[289] | X |
Vietnam | eVisa[290][291] | 30 days |
|
X |
Yemen | Visa required[292] | Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Yemen.[293] | √ | |
Zambia | Visa not required[294] | 30 days |
|
X |
Zimbabwe | eVisa / Visa on arrival[295][296] | 30 days |
|
X |
Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories
edit- Unrecognized countries
Territory | Conditions of access | Notes |
---|---|---|
Abkhazia | Visa required[297] | Letter for an entry permit upon arrival into Abkhazia is mandatory from 3 working days. |
Kosovo | Visa not required[298] | 90 days |
Northern Cyprus | Visa not required[299] | 3 months |
Palestine | Visa not required[300] | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[301] |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. | |
Somaliland | Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 USD, payable on arrival.[302][303] |
South Ossetia | Visa required[304] | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[305][306] |
Taiwan | Visa not required[307][308] | 90 days; May enter using eGate.[309] |
Transnistria | Visa not required[310] | Registration required after 24 hours.[311][312] |
- Dependent and autonomous territories
Territory | Conditions of access | Notes |
---|---|---|
China | ||
Hong Kong | Visa not required[313] | 90 days |
Macau | Visa not required[314] | 30 days |
Denmark | ||
Faroe Islands | Visa not required[315] | |
Greenland | Visa not required[316] | |
Finland | ||
Åland Islands | Visa not required[317] | 3 months |
France | ||
French Guiana | Visa not required[318] | 3 months |
French Polynesia | Visa not required[319] | 90 days within 180 days |
French West Indies | Visa not required | Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin. |
Mayotte | Visa not required[320] | 3 months |
New Caledonia | Visa not required[321] | 3 months |
Réunion | Visa not required[322] | 3 months |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa not required[323] | 3 months |
Wallis and Futuna | Visa not required[324] | 3 months |
Netherlands | ||
Aruba | Visa not required[325] | 30 days, extendable to 180 days |
Caribbean Netherlands | Visa not required[326] | 90 days. Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. |
Curaçao | Visa not required[327] | 90 days |
Sint Maarten | Visa not required[328] | 90 days |
New Zealand | ||
Cook Islands | Visa not required[329] | 31 days |
Niue | Visa not required[330] | 30 days |
Tokelau | Visa required[331] | Processing time for a tourist visa compulsory from 3–4 days. |
United Kingdom | ||
Akrotiri and Dhekelia | Visa not required[332] | Stays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit.[333] |
Anguilla | Visa not required[334] | 3 months |
Bermuda | Visa not required[335] | Up to 6 months, decided on arrival. |
British Indian Ocean Territory | Special permit required | Special permit required.[336] |
British Virgin Islands | Visa not required[337] | 30 days, extensions possible |
Cayman Islands | Visa not required[338] | 6 months |
Falkland Islands | Visa not required[339] | A visitor permit is normally issued as a stamp in the passport on arrival, The maximum validity period is 1 month.[340] |
Gibraltar | Visa not required[341] | |
Montserrat | Visa not required[342] | 6 months |
Pitcairn Islands | Visa not required | 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[343][344][345] |
Ascension Island | eVisa | 3 months within any year period.[346][347] |
Saint Helena | Visitor's Pass required | Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[348] |
Tristan da Cunha | Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[349] |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[350][351] |
Turks and Caicos Islands | Visa not required[352] | 90 days |
United States | ||
American Samoa | Electronic authorization[353] | 30 days |
Guam | Visa not required[354] | 45 days |
Northern Mariana Islands | Visa not required[355] | 45 days |
Puerto Rico | Visa not required[356] | Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required. |
U.S. Virgin Islands | Visa not required[357] | Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required. |
Antarctica and adjacent islands | ||
Special permits required for Bouvet Island, British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[358][359][360][361][362][363][364][365][366][367][368][369] |
- Other territories
Territory | Conditions of access | Notes |
---|---|---|
Belarus Brest and Grodno |
Visa not required | Visa-free for 10 days[370] |
China Hainan |
Visa not required[371] | 30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport. |
China Tibet Autonomous Region |
TTP required | Tibet Travel Permit required (10 USD).[372][373] |
Crimea | Visa required | Visa issued by Russia is required.[374] |
Ecuador Galápagos |
Pre-registration required | Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[375] |
Eritrea outside Asmara | Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[376] |
Greece Mount Athos |
Special permit required | Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[377][378] |
India PAP/RAP | PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[379][380][381] |
Iran Kish Island |
Visa not required | Tourists for Kish Island do not require a visa.[382] |
Iraqi Kurdistan | eVisa | You can apply for an e-Visa (30 days) to visit the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.[383] |
Fiji Lau Province |
Special permission required | Special permission required.[384] |
France Clipperton Island |
Special permit required | Special permit required.[385] |
Kazakhstan | Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[386] |
North Korea outside Pyongyang | Special permit required | People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving) |
Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak |
Visa not required | These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[387] |
Maldives outside Malé | Permission required | With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[388] |
Norway Jan Mayen |
Permit required | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[389] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[390] |
Norway Svalbard |
Visa not Required | Right to live and work under the Svalbard Treaty. |
Novorossiya | Restricted area | Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[391] |
Russia | Special authorization required | Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[392] |
Sudan outside Khartoum | Travel permit required | All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. |
Sudan Darfur |
Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required.[393] |
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province |
OIVR permit required | OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[394][395][396] |
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus | Access Permit required[397] | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. |
Korean Demilitarized Zone | Restricted zone. | |
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar | Restricted zone. | |
United States Minor Outlying Islands | Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[398][399][400][401][402][403][404] |
Venezuela Margarita Island |
Visa not required | All visitors are fingerprinted.[405] |
Vietnam Phú Quốc |
Visa not required | 30 days[406] |
Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden | Special permission required | Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[407] |
Reciprocity issues
editSome countries regard Australia's requirement for obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) prior to travel as being equivalent to offering visa-free travel when deciding whether to grant the same to Australians wishing to enter their territory.
The United States, for example, offers their Visa Waiver Program to Australian passport-holders,[408] and one of the conditions for joining this scheme is that "Governments provide reciprocal visa-free travel for U.S. citizens for 90 days for tourism or business purposes".[409] However, the United States has required from January 2009 a similar ETA from citizens of Australia and some more countries. This system is not called a visa, but Electronic System for Travel Authorisation, therefore the US allows visa-free travel for Australians.
As of December 1998, Japan has also granted visa-free access to Australians.[410] Other ETA eligible countries and territories including Canada,[411] Hong Kong,[412] Malaysia,[413] Singapore,[414] South Korea (90 days)[415] and Taiwan (90 days)[416] also grant visa-free access to Australians while Brunei grants Australians a 30-day visa on arrival.[417]
Additional rules
editVisa exemptions for Schengen states
editA stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than three months (but no more than three months in any individual member state)
editThe Australian Government has signed bilateral visa waiver agreements with a number of the individual countries who are Schengen signatories, which allow Australian citizens to spend up to three months in the relevant country, without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states. Since these agreements continue to remain valid despite the implementation of the Schengen agreement, the European Commission has confirmed that in practice if Australians visit Schengen countries which have signed these types of bilateral agreements with Australia, then the terms of these agreements override the conditions normally imposed as a result of the Schengen visa exemption agreement.[418] However, amendments are under consideration to restrict exit from the Schengen area only through the territory of the Member State which is a Contracting Party to the bilateral agreement and the authorities of which have extended the stay.[419]
Australia has individual bilateral visa waiver agreements with the following Schengen signatories:
|
Consequently, Australian citizens can visit the above Schengen member states visa-free for periods of up to three months in each country.
If, however, an Australian citizen then visits another Schengen state not included in the list above, the restriction of no more than three months out of a 6-month period in the Schengen area as a whole applies. Therefore, if an Australian citizen has already spent three months in one or more of the above Schengen countries, any visits to another Schengen country without a bilateral visa waiver agreement with Australia may lead to difficulties with local law enforcement agencies (e.g. being accused of having overstayed upon leaving a Schengen country which is not in the list above).
A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of up to three months
editAustralian citizens are classified as 'Annex II' foreign nationals, and so are permitted to stay visa-free in the 26 member states of the Schengen Area as a whole — rather than each country individually — for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months.
During the visa exemption period, Australian citizens are permitted to work in Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden.[435]
In addition, Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for up to 90 days can do so without a visa as long as the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.[436]
A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than 3 months (and more than 3 months in an individual member state)
editIn general, any person who is not a European Union, European Economic Area or Swiss citizen and who wishes to stay in a Schengen member state for more than 3 months is required to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit.
Australian citizens aged 18–30 (or 18–35 in some cases) are able to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit from some Schengen member states on the basis of a working holiday (see below). Schengen member states also issue national long-stay 'D' visas and residence permits for other reasons to those fulfilling criteria laid out in their national immigration policies (e.g. skilled workers, students, au pair).
In general, the national long-stay 'D' visa/residence permit needs to be obtained in advance through the member state's embassy/consulate. However, some Schengen member states offer exceptions for Australian citizens.
Austria allows Australian citizens to enter the country without a visa and to apply for a temporary residence permit or a 'Red-White-Red Card' (issued to permanent immigrants) after arrival, rather than in advance through an Austrian embassy/consulate.[437][438]
The Czech Republic allows Australian citizens to apply for a work visa under a special scheme known as a 'Green Card' (rather than a 'Blue Card' or work permit which is required by most non-EU citizens). The application for a Green Card can be lodged at any Czech embassy/consulate (or, in some circumstances, within the Czech Republic if the applicant is already resident there) and is usually processed within 60 days.[439] Note that 'Green Cards' are no longer issued after 24 June 2014.[440]
Germany permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to enter without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission).[441][442]
Estonia permits Australian citizens to stay and work in Estonia for more than 90 days but less than 6 months as long as they obtain a category 'D' long-stay visa at a cost of €80 in advance at an Estonian foreign mission after the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.[443] Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for more than 6 months can apply for a temporary residence permit for employment after arrival in the country.[444]
Hungary allows Australian citizens who wish to stay for more than 90 days in the country to apply for a residence card from the regional directorate of the Office of Immigration and Nationality within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals).[445]
Latvia permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months as self-employed persons or as businesspersons to enter Latvia without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many non-EEA and Swiss citizens, an application for a residence permit must be lodged in advance at a Latvian foreign mission).[446]
Netherlands exempts Australian citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays in The Netherlands of over 90 days, known in Dutch as the "MVV" visa) - an exemption which goes beyond the visa waiver afforded to most other non-EEA and non-Swiss foreign nationals who are usually only given a visa waiver of up to 90 days in a 180-day period.[447]
Norway permits Australian citizens who have qualifications as a skilled worker to stay in the country without a visa for up to 6 months to seek employment as a skilled worker or a specialist (except as a religious leader/teacher or an ethnic cook), as long as they register with the police within 3 months of arriving in Norway.[448]
Visa exemptions and requirements for the United Kingdom
editAustralian citizens are able to visit the United Kingdom for up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from Ireland) without the need to apply for a visa as long as they fulfil all of the following criteria:
- they do not work during their stay in the UK
- they must not register a marriage or register a civil partnership during their stay in the UK
- they can present evidence of sufficient money to fund their stay in the UK (if requested by the border inspection officer)
- they intend to leave the UK at the end of their visit and can meet the cost of the return/onward journey
- they have completed a landing card and submitted it at passport control unless in direct transit to a destination outside the Common Travel Area[449]
- if under the age of 18, they can demonstrate evidence of suitable care arrangements and parental (or guardian's) consent for their stay in the UK[450]
However, even though, strictly speaking, they are not required to apply for a visa if they satisfy all of the above criteria, an Australian citizen who falls into any of the following categories has been strongly advised by the UK Border Agency (replaced by UK Visas and Immigration) to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK if they:
- have any unspent criminal convictions in any country
- have previously been refused or breached the terms of any entry to the UK, or been deported or otherwise removed from the UK
- have previously applied for a visa and been refused one
- have been warned by a UK official that they should obtain a visa before travelling to the UK
Australian citizens who were born before 1983 [citation needed] and qualify for the right of abode are able to live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely.
Australian citizens with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man at any time or in Ireland on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance, which enables them to work in the UK for five years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.
Australian citizens aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa which allows them to pursue a working holiday in the UK for two years.
In June 2021, the Australian and UK governments announced that their reciprocal working holiday scheme would soon be expanded to allow citizens of both countries aged 18 to 35 live and work in the other country for up to three years. These changes are expected to either in 2023 or by mid-2024 at the latest.[451]
Visa exemption for New Zealand
editBy virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, Australian citizens are exempt from the requirement to hold a permit on arrival in New Zealand and may reside or work for an indefinite period as long as:[452]
- they present a valid Australian passport OR hold a foreign passport showing their Australian Citizen Endorsement or Australian Citizen Declaratory Visa (either with a label or a confirmation letter) as evidence of their Australian citizenship
- they have no criminal convictions
- they have no untreated tuberculosis
- they have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country
Travel ban
editIt is an offence for Australians to travel or remain in Declared Areas.
APEC Business Travel Card
editHolders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[453]
1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days
The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[454]
- No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
- Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
- Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
Consular protection of Australian citizens abroad
editThere are currently over 100 Australian missions overseas. In some countries Australians may also receive consular assistance from Canadian missions under the Canada–Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement.
Foreign travel statistics
editAccording to the statistics these are the numbers of Australian visitors to various countries per annum in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Data for 2017
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Data for 2016
- ^ a b Data for 2013
- ^ Data for 2011
- ^ a b c Data for arrivals by air only.
- ^ Data for 2012
- ^ a b c d Data for 2014
- ^ a b Data for 2009
- ^ Data for 2018
- ^ Data for arrivals by air only.
- ^ Total number includes tourists, business travelers, students, exchange visitors, temporary workers and families, diplomats and other representatives and all other classes of nonimmigrant admissions (I-94).
Non-visa restrictions
edit
Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.
Blank passport pages
editMany countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[568] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.
Vaccination
editMany African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[569] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[570]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[571][572]
Passport validity length
editVery few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[573][574] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[575]
Some countries, such as Japan,[576] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[577] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[578] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[579] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[580] Philippines,[581] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[582]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[583] and South Africa.
Criminal record
editSome countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[584] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.
Persona non grata
editThe government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[585]
Israeli stamps
editKuwait,[586] Lebanon,[587] Libya,[588] Syria,[589] and Yemen[590] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Biometrics
editSeveral countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[591]
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[592][593] Argentina,[594] Brunei, Cambodia,[595] China,[596] Ethiopia,[597] Ghana, Guinea,[598] India, Japan,[599][600] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[601] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[602] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[603] Singapore, South Korea,[604] Taiwan, Thailand,[605] Uganda,[606] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[607][608][609] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[610]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[611] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[612][613]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
- ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
- ^ "Afghanistan". Smartraveller.gov.au.
- ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Angola: Migration Service to Speed Up Visa Exemption Procedure
- ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
- ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
- ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
- ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
- ^ a b "FACT SHEET Austrian-Australian Bilateral Agreement On Visa Free Short Stays" (PDF). Austrian Embassy in Canberra. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2020.
- ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
- ^ "Azerbaijan eVisa".
- ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
- ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
- ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
- ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
- ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
- ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
- ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
- ^ "Benin eVisa".
- ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
- ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
- ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
- ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
- ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
- ^ "Brazil eVisa".
- ^ "Brazil: Visa Requirement Date for Nationals of Australia, Canada and the United States Postponed".
- ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
- ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Burundi".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Cambodia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Cameroon eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Canada eTA". 15 April 2015.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Obtainable at Nelson Mandela International Airport, Cesária Évora Airport, Amílcar Cabral International Airport and Aristides Pereira International Airport.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Central African Republic".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Chad - Overall: Do not travel". www.smartraveller.gov.au.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Chile".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "China extends visa exemption for New Zealand, Australia, Poland to improve personnel exchanges". gov.cn. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
- ^ "国家移民管理局推出新政进一步便利外籍人员来华". nia.gov.cn. 11 January 2024.
- ^ "144小时过境免签政策解读". nia.gov.cn.
- ^ 胡哲. "China's resort island set to benefit from more visa-free policies". global.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "DR Congo eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "CI eVisa".
- ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
- ^ "eVisa-Cuba". evisacuba.cu.
- ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
- ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
- ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ a b c d e Extendable length of stay.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Egypt eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Ethiopia visa on arrival". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
- ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Gabon eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
- ^ Amt, Auswärtiges. "Short-term visa for Germany". australien.diplo.de. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Guinea eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Visa entry requirements (countries)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana. 15 November 2023.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
- ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "India eVisa".
- ^ e-Visa
- ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Indonesia e-VOA".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Iran eVisa".
- ^ "Visa on Arrival". evisa.mfa.ir.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Iraq eVisa".
- ^ "Iraq". Smartraveller.gov.au.
- ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
- ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
- ^ "Israel parliament approves travel ban for supporters of BDS movement". The Independent. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Japan eVisa".
- ^ https://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/visa/short/novisa.html
- ^ https://www.au.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_en/visa_temporaryvisitor_en.html
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Jordan E-Services".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kenya eTA".
- ^ a b c "Visitors visa - East African tourist visa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "K-ETA".
- ^ "K-ETA Application Guide".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kuwait eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kyrgyzstan eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ a b "Checkpoints – ກົມຕຳຫຼວດກວດຄົນເຂົ້າ-ອອກເມືອງ". immigration.gov.la. Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ "Lao Visa Online | Lao eVisa Authorization Application". laoevisa.gov.la. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR – Consular Department. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ "Laos International Travel Information". travel.state.gov. U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Consular Affairs. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Libya eVisa".
- ^ "Libya | Travel advice | Smartraveller: The Australian Government's travel advisory and consular assistance service". Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "EXEMPTED FROM VISA TO ENTER MONGOLIA".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Myanmar eVisa".
- ^ "Myanmar Travel Advice & Safety".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Immigration Regulations 2014 SL No. 2 of 2014" (PDF).
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
- ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
- ^ "eGate". customs.govt.nz. New Zealand Customs Service. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- ^ "Travellers who do not need an NZeTA". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
Visa holders and some other travellers do not need an NZeTA (New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority) before they travel to New Zealand.
- ^ "Paying the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
Many tourists, people on working holidays, and some students and workers coming to New Zealand must pay an International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) of NZD $35.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Nigeria Immigration Services".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
- ^ a b "Norway in Australia". Norgesportalen.
- ^ a b "UDI 2010-080 Bortvisningspraksis for borgere fra stater Norge har inngått bilaterale visumfrihetsavtaler med" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. 28 November 2019.
- ^ a b "UDI 2010-080V1 Liste over visumfrie borgere som er omfattet" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. 28 November 2019.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Oman eVisa".
- ^ "List of Countries for Visa Prior to Arrival".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "PNG Easy Visitor Permit".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
- ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Qatar Hayya".
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "ST eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Saudi Arabia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Seychelles Electronic Border System".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
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While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
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The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
edit- ^ In this column, Australia's eVisitor and ETA systems are deemed to be reciprocal to U.S.'s ESTA system, Canada's eTA system and other countries' visa-free programs.
- ^ Custom procedure for 24-hour visa-free transit is required in principle, except in Beijing (both Capital and Daxing), Shanghai Pudong, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu Tianfu and Xi'an if no leaving of international transit areas.[57]
- ^
- ^
- ^
- Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
- Lantui - Baka (China)
- Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
- Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
- Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
- Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
- Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
- Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
- Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
- Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
- Phoudou (Thailand)
- Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
- Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
- Lalai (Vietnam)
- Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
- Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
- Savannakhet Airport
- ^
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Bokeo
- ^
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Khammouane
- Bokeo
- ^
- Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
- Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
- Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
- Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
- Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
- Boten - Bo han (China)