Wikipedia

Veillonella

Veillonella are Gram-negative bacteria (Gram stain pink) anaerobic cocci, unlike most Bacillota, which are Gram-positive bacteria.[1] This bacterium is well known for its lactate fermenting abilities. It is a normal bacterium in the intestines and oral mucosa of mammals. In humans they have been implicated in cases of osteomyelitis and endocarditis, for example with the species Veillonella parvula.

Veillonella
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacillota
Class:
Negativicutes
Order:
Vellionellales
Family:
Veillonellaceae
Genus:
Veillonella

Prévot 1933
Type species
Veillonella parvula
(Veillon & Zuber 1898) Prévot 1933
Species

See text

Synonyms

"Syzygiococcus" Herzberg 1928

Veillonella dispar is the most nitrate-reducing bacterium in the oral cavity, which is beneficially anti-bacterial.[2]

When Veillonella is responsible for clinical infections in humans, it should be kept in mind that more than 70% of the strains are resistant to penicillin, while more than 95% of the strains are susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate.[3]

Previous studies have shown that exercise is associated with changes in microbiome composition. Specifically, Veillonella, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Methanobrevibacter, and Akkermansiaceae are in more abundance in endurance athletes.[4][5] Specifically, one study has proposed that V. atypica is beneficial for endurance performance because the high-lactate environment of the athlete provides a selective advantage for colonization by lactate metabolizing organisms, such as Veillonella.[6] Previous studies in mice have shown that propionate increases heart rate variability (HRV) and VO2 max.[7][8] It also raises the resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans.[9] These modifications are beneficial for athletes because an increase in HRV indicates that the body is adapting to the exercise stimuli, indicating an increase in fitness.[10] Also, a higher VO2 max allows the athlete to produce more energy which allows them to do more work and an increase in lipid oxidation delays glycogen depletion.[11][12]

Fermentation

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Lactate is fermented to propionate and acetate by the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway. Little ATP is produced in this fermentation. High substrate affinity is suggested to be the reason.

3 Lactate → acetate + 2 propionate + CO
2+ H
2O

A study of Veillonella in endurance athletes found that a relative abundance of the bacteria in the gut is associated with increased treadmill run time performance. This effect was demonstrated to be due to the organism's propionate metabolite produced from lactic acid.[13]

Phylogeny

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The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[14] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[15]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[16][17][18] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[19][20][21]

V. montpellierensis Jumas-Bilak et al. 2004

V. magna Kraatz and Taras 2008

V. criceti (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982

V. ratti (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982 emend. Kraatz and Taras 2008

V. seminalis Aujoulat et al. 2014

V. caviae Mays et al. 1982

V. dispar (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982

V. infantium Mashima et al. 2018

V. tobetsuensis Mashima et al. 2013

V. parvula (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Prévot 1933 Mays et al. 1982

V. rogosae Arif et al. 2008

V. atypica (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982

V. hominis Liu et al. 2022

V. denticariosi Byun et al. 2007

V. rodentium (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982

V. magna

V. criceti

V. ratti

V. seminalis

V. montpellierensis

V. caviae

V. atypica

V. tobetsuensis

V. denticariosi

V. rodentium

V. parvula

V. rogosae

V. dispar

V. infantium

V. nakazawae Mishima et al. 2020

Unassigned species:

  • "V. agrestimuris" Afrizal et al. 2022
  • "Ca. V. atypica" Drancourt et al. 2004 non (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982
  • "V. fallax" Afrizal et al. 2022
  • "V. intestinalis" Afrizal et al. 2022
  • "V. massiliensis" Togo et al. 2017
  • "V. variabilis" Magrassi 1944

Infections and Treatment

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Meningitis, osteomyelitis, periodontitis, and endocarditis are infections that can be caused by V. parvula.[22][23][24][25][26][27] Prosthetic joint infection and endocarditis have been shown to be caused by V. dispar. [28][29] Although very rare, endocarditis has also been caused by V. montpellierensis and V. alcalescens.[29]

A large percentage of Veillonella species are resistant to penicillin.[30] Antibiotics that Veillonella species are less resistant to or not resistant to at all include clindamycin, metronidazole, imipenem, ceftriaxone, and amoxicillin. [31][32][33][34]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Megrian D, Taib N, Witwinowski J, Gribaldo S (2020). "One or two membranes? Diderm Firmicutes challenge the Gram-positive/Gram-negative divide". Molecular Microbiology. 113 (3): 659–671. doi:10.1111/mmi.14469. PMID 31975449.
  2. ^ Mitsui T, Saito M, Harasawa R (2018). "Salivary nitrate-nitrite conversion capacity after nitrate ingestion and incidence of Veillonella spp. in elderly individuals". Journal of Oral Science. 60 (3): 405–410. doi:10.2334/josnusd.17-0337. PMID 30101819.
  3. ^ Di Bella S, Antonello RM, Sanson G, Maraolo AE, Giacobbe DR, Sepulcri C, Ambretti S, Aschbacher R, Bartolini L, Bernardo M, Bielli A (June 2022). "Anaerobic bloodstream infections in Italy (ITANAEROBY): A 5-year retrospective nationwide survey". Anaerobe. 75: 102583. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102583. hdl:11368/3020691. PMID 35568274. S2CID 248736289.
  4. ^ Petersen LM, Bautista EJ, Nguyen H, Hanson BM, Chen L, Lek SH, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM (December 2017). "Community characteristics of the gut microbiomes of competitive cyclists". Microbiome. 5 (1): 98. doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0320-4. ISSN 2049-2618. PMC 5553673. PMID 28797298.
  5. ^ Clarke SF, Murphy EF, O'Sullivan O, Lucey AJ, Humphreys M, Hogan A, Hayes P, O'Reilly M, Jeffery IB, Wood-Martin R, Kerins DM, Quigley E, Ross RP, O'Toole PW, Molloy MG (December 2014). "Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity". Gut. 63 (12): 1913–1920. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306541. ISSN 0017-5749. PMID 25021423.
  6. ^ Scheiman J, Luber JM, Chavkin TA, MacDonald T, Tung A, Pham LD, Wibowo MC, Wurth RC, Punthambaker S, Tierney BT, Yang Z, Hattab MW, Avila-Pacheco J, Clish CB, Lessard S (July 2019). "Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism". Nature Medicine. 25 (7): 1104–1109. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0485-4. ISSN 1078-8956. PMC 7368972. PMID 31235964.
  7. ^ Kimura I, Inoue D, Maeda T, Hara T, Ichimura A, Miyauchi S, Kobayashi M, Hirasawa A, Tsujimoto G (2011-05-10). "Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (19): 8030–8035. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8030K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1016088108. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3093469. PMID 21518883.
  8. ^ Pluznick JL, Protzko RJ, Gevorgyan H, Peterlin Z, Sipos A, Han J, Brunet I, Wan LX, Rey F, Wang T, Firestein SJ, Yanagisawa M, Gordon JI, Eichmann A, Peti-Peterdi J (2013-03-12). "Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (11): 4410–4415. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4410P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1215927110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3600440. PMID 23401498.
  9. ^ Chambers ES, Byrne CS, Aspey K, Chen Y, Khan S, Morrison DJ, Frost G (April 2018). "Acute oral sodium propionate supplementation raises resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans". Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 20 (4): 1034–1039. doi:10.1111/dom.13159. ISSN 1462-8902. PMC 5873405. PMID 29134744.
  10. ^ Dong JG (May 2016). "The role of heart rate variability in sports physiology". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 11 (5): 1531–1536. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3104. ISSN 1792-0981. PMC 4840584. PMID 27168768.
  11. ^ Ranković G, Mutavdžić V, Toskić D, Preljević A, Kocić M, Nedin-Ranković G, Damjanović N (2010-02-20). "Aerobic Capacity as An Indicator in Different Kinds of Sports". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 10 (1): 44–48. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2010.2734. ISSN 1840-4812. PMC 5596610. PMID 20192930.
  12. ^ Gemmink A, Schrauwen P, Hesselink MK (August 2020). "Exercising your fat (metabolism) into shape: a muscle-centred view". Diabetologia. 63 (8): 1453–1463. doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05170-z. ISSN 0012-186X. PMC 7351830. PMID 32529413.
  13. ^ Scheiman J, Luber JM, Chavkin TA, MacDonald T, Tung A, Pham LD, Wibowo MC, Wurth RC, Punthambaker S, Tierney BT, Yang Z, Hattab MW, Avila-Pacheco J, Clish CB, Lessard S, Church GM, Kostic AD (24 June 2019). "Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism". Nature Medicine. 25 (7): 1104–1109. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0485-4. PMC 7368972. PMID 31235964.
  14. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Veillonella". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  15. ^ Sayers, et al. "Veillonella". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  16. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  17. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  18. ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  19. ^ "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  20. ^ "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  22. ^ Nukina S, Hibi A, Nishida K (October 1989). "Bacterial Meningitis Caused by Veillonella Parvula". Pediatrics International. 31 (5): 609–614. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01363.x. ISSN 1328-8067. PMID 2515742.
  23. ^ Bhatti MA, Frank MO (2000-09-01). "Veillonella parvula Meningitis: Case Report and Review of Veillonella Infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 31 (3): 839–840. doi:10.1086/314046. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 11017846.
  24. ^ Umeda K, Kano Y (2022). "Veillonella parvula: A rare Gram-negative coccus causing vertebral osteomyelitis". IDCases. 27: e01417. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01417. ISSN 2214-2509. PMC 8802884. PMID 35127449.
  25. ^ Singh N, Yu VL (1992-01-01). "Osteomyelitis Due to Veillonella parvula: Case Report and Review". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (1): 361–363. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.1.361. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 1571454.
  26. ^ Matera G, Muto V, Vinci M, Zicca E, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, van de Veerdonk FL, Kullberg BJ, Liberto MC, van der Meer JW, Focà A, Netea MG, Joosten LA (December 2009). "Receptor Recognition of and Immune Intracellular Pathways for Veillonella parvula Lipopolysaccharide". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 16 (12): 1804–1809. doi:10.1128/CVI.00310-09. ISSN 1556-6811. PMC 2786383. PMID 19828771.
  27. ^ Prakash PO, Rayasam K, Chaitanya KV, Peddireddy V (2023), "Biofilms: cities of microorganisms", Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment, Elsevier, pp. 131–148, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91806-0.00017-5, ISBN 978-0-323-91806-0, retrieved 2024-04-09
  28. ^ Libertin CR, Peterson JH, Brodersen MP, Huff T (2016). "A Case of Penicillin-Resistant Veillonella Prosthetic Joint Infection of the Knee". Case Reports in Orthopedics. 2016: 1–5. doi:10.1155/2016/7171947. ISSN 2090-6749. PMC 5165143. PMID 28050296.
  29. ^ a b Saladi L, Zeana C, Singh M (2017). "Native Valve Endocarditis due to Veillonella Species: A Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. 2017: 1–3. doi:10.1155/2017/4896186. ISSN 2090-6625. PMC 5446852. PMID 28589047.
  30. ^ Cobo F, Pérez-Carrasco V, García-Salcedo JA, Navarro-Marí JM (December 2020). "Bacteremia caused by Veillonella dispar in an oncological patient". Anaerobe. 66: 102285. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102285. PMC 7563575. PMID 33075505.
  31. ^ Rolfe RD, Finegold SM (November 1981). "Comparative In Vitro Activity of New Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Against Anaerobic Bacteria". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 20 (5): 600–609. doi:10.1128/AAC.20.5.600. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 181759. PMID 7325628.
  32. ^ Singh N, Yu VL (1992-01-01). "Osteomyelitis Due to Veillonella parvula: Case Report and Review". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (1): 361–363. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.1.361. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 1571454.
  33. ^ Marriott D, Stark D, Harkness J (February 2007). "Veillonella parvula Discitis and Secondary Bacteremia: a Rare Infection Complicating Endoscopy and Colonoscopy?". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 45 (2): 672–674. doi:10.1128/JCM.01633-06. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 1829049. PMID 17108070.
  34. ^ Isner-Horobeti ME, Lecocq J, Dupeyron A, De Martino SJ, Froehlig P, Vautravers P (January 2006). "Veillonella discitis. A case report". Joint Bone Spine. 73 (1): 113–115. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.02.002. PMID 16085443.

Further reading

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