Motorized vehicles in Indonesia are required to have registration plates, which must be displayed both at the front and back of the vehicles. The issuing of number plates is regulated and administered by SAMSAT (Indonesian: Sistem Administrasi Manunggal Satu Atap, lit. 'One-stop Administration Services Office'), which is a collaboration between the Indonesian National Police, provincial offices of regional revenue, and the national mandatory vehicle insurance operator Jasa Raharja.
 The latest design of registration plates in Indonesia | |
| Country | Indonesia |
|---|---|
| Country code | RI |
| Current series | |
| Size | Cars: 430 mm × 135 mm 16.9 in × 5.3 in Motorcycles: 275 mm × 115 mm 10.8 in × 4.5 in |
| Material | Aluminium |
| Availability | |
| Issued by | Indonesian National Police Traffic Corps |
Registration area codes
editThe lettering convention denoting the area of registration is a legacy of the Dutch colonial era and does not reflect the current regional divisions of the country into provinces. They follow the old system of Dutch Karesidenan or residencies lettering systems, which were adopted in the 1920s,[1] and the Territorial Police system which was abolished in 2010.
The list of area codes are:[2]
Several areas provide license plates for non-motorized transport vehicles. In Yogyakarta, YB is used for rickshaws. A white-on-blue license plate with area code SB is issued for rickshaws operating in the city of Surabaya. In Banjarmasin, rickshaws operating in the city are issued with plate using a unique format, XXXX BS.[citation needed]
Defunct area codes
editThere were some area codes that are no longer in use anymore. These include:
- BR – ex Borneo Residency, Western region[1]
- DF – East Timor[8]
- DS – Papua, prior to 2016.[3]
History
editColonial era
edit
Vehicle registration plates were first introduced in the Dutch East Indies in 1900. The early format included regional codes such as CH for Cirebon, SB for Surabaya, and SOK for the eastern coast of Sumatra; and registration numbers with no official standards. Plates were not always installed at the front and the rear of the vehicle; some owners affixed the plates on the side of the vehicle. For international purposes, the Government of the Dutch East Indies introduced the code IN for government vehicles. IN plates were elliptical and the registration numbers were placed below on a rectangular plate.[9]
A more-structured system was introduced in 1917 with the implementation of regulations regarding the content of applications for number and driving licenses, the specification of numbers and letters, the models of number and driving licenses, the establishment of registers of holders of the licenses and the publication of the contents of the registers. The regulation obliged vehicle owners to register their vehicles. The Karesidenan-based system was first implemented on Java and afterwards elsewhere in the colony.[10] The alphabetical codes were:
- A: Banten
- B: Batavia (now Greater Jakarta)
- D: Preanger Regencies (now Greater Bandung)
- E: Cirebon
- G: Pekalongan
- H: Semarang
- K: Rembang
- L: Surabaya
- M: Madura
- N: Pasuruan, Malang
- P: Besuki
- R: Banyumas
- AA: Kedu
- AB: Special Region of Yogyakarta
- AD: Surakarta (Sragen Regency, Klaten Regency, Karanganyar Regency, Boyolali Regency)
- AE: Madiun (Ngawi Regency, Ponorogo Regency, Magetan Regency, Pacitan Regency)
- AG: Kediri (Tulungagung Regency, Blitar, Trenggalek Regency, Nganjuk Regency)
- BA: Western coast of Sumatra
- BB: Tapanuli
- BD: Bengkulu
- BE: Lampung
- BG: Palembang
- BH: Jambi
- BK: East Sumatra (now Greater Medan)
- BL: Aceh
- BM: Riau
- BN: Bangka
- BP: Riau Islands
- BR: West Kalimantan
- DA: South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan
- DB: Manado
- DD: Sulawesi
- DE: Ambon
- DG: Ternate
- DH: Timor
- DK: Bali and Lombok
Until the 1920s, regional codes were added along with the Karesidenan regional expansion. For example, Bogor used the code F, Bojonegoro used the code S, and Western Papua used the code DS.[9][11]
Post-colonial era
edit1980s
edit
The early format of registration plates remained in use after Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945. At the beginning of the 1980s, plates with four-digit numbers separated by a dot at the bottom that denote the month and year of expiry (e.g. 06•87) was introduced. Vehicle owners must pay a tax to renew the plate every five years. The typefaces are embossed. There were two variations of design during the New Order; the expiry date would be placed above or below the registration numbers.[11][12]
21st century
edit
Along with the increase of motorized vehicles in Indonesia, the technical design and specification of vehicle registration plates began to be regulated by the Direktorat Lalu Lintas Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia/Ditlantas Polri (Traffic Directorate) of the Indonesian National Police. The size of the license plates during the 2000s was 395 mm × 135 mm (15.6 in × 5.3 in) (four wheel vehicles or more) or 250 mm × 105 mm (9.8 in × 4.1 in) (two or three wheel vehicles) with wide alphabets and a stripe that separates the registration numbers and expiry date.[15] In the lower left and upper right corners is the Traffic Police symbol, and at the lower-right and upper-left corners is a "DIRLANTAS POLRI" sign as a security feature and proof of the originality of the license plate.
In April 2011, the design of the license plate was redesigned. The new plates are 5 cm (2.0 in) longer to accommodate more characters and the typeface is slimmer. The Traffic Corps of the Indonesian National Police (Korps Lalu Lintas Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia/Korlantas Polri) introduced their more-complete coat of arms, with shield and ribbon with the letter "Dharmakerta Marga Raksyaka". The phrase "DITLANTAS" became "KORLANTAS". The license plates are made from 1 mm (0.039 in)-thick aluminium with edge lines with the same color as the numbers. The size of the plate for two-or-three-wheeled vehicles now is 275 mm × 115 mm (10.8 in × 4.5 in), while for four-or-more-wheeled vehicles they are 430 mm × 135 mm (16.9 in × 5.3 in).[14][17]
Since June 2022, The Traffic Corps of the Indonesian National Police changed the color scheme for personal and rental vehicles from black plates with white letters to white plates with black letters. The new color scheme was implemented to ease the detection of motoring offenses with traffic enforcement cameras.[16] To increase the effectivity of the new color scheme, FE-Schrift typeface was first implemented for regular personal four-wheel plates only since November 2022. Besides that, commercial/public transport (black on yellow) and government-owned (white on red) vehicle plates began to use FE-Schrift at the same time.
Registration plate design convention
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2022) |
Size and formating
editIndonesian vehicle registration plates for four-wheel vehicles are approximately 460 mm × 135 mm (18.1 in × 5.3 in) and plates for two-or-three-wheel vehicles are approximately 275 mm × 115 mm. All plates are constructed from stamped sheet metal. With some exceptions, plates use the following format: LL NNNN LL where "L" are letters of the Latin alphabet, and "N" numbers from "0" to "9" (the first number is never a "0"). The first single-or-double-letter prefixes denote the area of registration. This is followed by number between 1 and 9999 without leading zeroes. This is then followed by one or two letters although they may be optional. For example: B 1897 RKT is a vehicle registered in East Jakarta city; it begins with B. A smaller, four-digit number separated by dot is located at the top (old format, with horizontal line as divider) or bottom (newer format, commonly without divider) of the plate with following format: NN•NN denoting the month and year of the plate's expiry (e.g. 01•28 means until January 2028). The owner must pay a tax to renew it every five years.[citation needed]
Color scheme
editVehicles in Indonesia are coded based on their classes and uses. These are:[18]
| Use | Color | Image | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Letter | Plate | Bottom trim | Four-wheeled vehicles or more (cars, trucks, buses, etc.) | Motorcycles and three-wheelers | |
| For privately-owned vehicles. Trucks that are registered for private use are issued with this plate, so are the ambulances. | Black | White | – | 
|
|
| For commercial vehicle or public transportation vehicles, such as buses, taxis, angkot, auto rickshaws and commercial trucks | Black | Yellow | 
|
||
| For vehicles used by fire departments, government ambulances, government officials and other governmental vehicles administered under their respective local governments | White | Red | 
|
||
| For vehicles exclusively used in free-trade zones i.e. Batam (see Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle) | Black | Green | |||
| For vehicles belonging to diplomatic or consular corps of foreign countries, commonly used by foreign embassies or vehicles belonging to international organizations. Diplomatic plates are always using CD prefix code, while consulars use CC, | White | Black | Black trim | 
|
|
Electric vehicles
editThe Indonesian National Police has set a special license plate for electric vehicles with additional blue trim at the expiry date row in accordance with the regulations in the Decree of the Head of the Traffic Corps of the Indonesian National Police in 2020.[19][20][21] However, when personal fossil-fueled vehicle plates have changed the color scheme, personal EV plates are still using the old one (white on black) with blue trim, added with the implementation of FE-Schrift since November 2022.
| Use | Color | Image | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Letter | Plate | Bottom trim | Four-wheeled vehicles or more (cars, trucks, buses, etc.) | Motorcycles and three-wheelers | |
| For privately-owned electric vehicles and rental electric vehicles. | White (for regular registration plates) | Black (for regular registration plates) | Blue trim | 
|
|
| Black (for customized registraion plates) | White (for customized registration plates) | ||||
| For commercial or public transportation electric vehicles, such as electric buses, electrically-powered taxis, and commercial electric trucks | Black | Yellow | 
|
||
| For electric vehicles used by fire departments, government ambulances, government officials and other governmental EVs administered under their respective local governments | White | Red | |||
| For electric vehicles exclusively used in free-trade zones i.e. Batam (see Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle) | Black | Green | |||
| For electric vehicles belonging to diplomatic or consular corps of foreign countries, commonly used by foreign embassies or vehicles belonging to international organizations. Diplomatic plates are always using CD prefix code, while consulars use CC, | White | Black | |||
Temporary registration plates
edit
Temporary registration plates currently have two formats, namely:
- Red on white: Vehicles that have not been registered yet, or for new cars that have no owners yet or no legal identification. This format is widely used nationally for all vehicle types.
- Black on white with special suffix: This format is exclusively used within the Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police jurisdiction (which uses the registration code B)[clarification needed] and commonly used for new car owners that haven't got the permanent registration yet. It looks similar with the permanent personal vehicle plates, but added with the SS suffix, which is an abbreviation of Sifat Sementara (temporary use). In January 2024, newer suffixes were introduced, such as LK, AK, PC, PD, AZ and BC. Temporary plates with this format are only valid for 30 days. For example: B 2814 SSP, B 2309 LKV, and B 1491 PDQ.
Former color scheme
edit| Use | Color | Usage period | Image | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Letter | Plate | Four-wheeled vehicles or more (cars, trucks, buses, etc.) | Motorcycles and three-wheelers | ||
| For privately-owned vehicles. Trucks that are registered for private use were issued with this plate, so are the ambulances. Superseded by the black on white color scheme but still valid during 5-year transition period.[16] | April 2011–July 2022 | 
|
| ||
| August 2019–July 2022 (customized plates)[22] | 
|
||||
| July–November 2022 (regular registration plates) |
|
||||
Special code examples
editVehicle category (Jakarta only)
editIn Jakarta, these codes are applied based on vehicle categories. These include:[citation needed]
- B – Code for Double Cabin Pickups
- A/B/D/W/E/R – Code for sedans
- A/C/U/Z – Code for pickups
- D – Code for trucks
- F/K/O/Z/R/Y/I – Code for minibuses
- *HX/*IX – Code for ambulances
- J/L/C – Code for SUVs
- Q/U – Code for government staff
- T/U – Code for taxis
- V/P/M/G/Y/W/U – Code for Minibuses
For example, B 9031 BAY indicates that the vehicle is a pickup, while B 1032 DFA indicates that the vehicle is a minibus.
State officials
edit
A separate format exists for private vehicles belonging to government, military or police officials. Because most of these agencies are based in Jakarta, vehicles belonging to state officials use the B suffix, along with the four numbers that are assigned to the vehicle. The sub-area suffix is replaced with RF suffix code, indicating the vehicle belongs to a state official, followed by another letter that indicates the corresponding agency or institution of the state official.[23]
- RFS - Vehicle registration code intended for civil officials.
- RFO, RFH, and RFQ suffixes are intended for civil officials under the Echelon 2 rank role.
- RFT - Vehicle registration code intended for Indonesian National Armed Forces
- RFD - Vehicle registration code intended for Indonesian Army officials.
- RFL - Vehicle registration code intended for Indonesian Navy officials.
- RFU - Vehicle registration code intended for Indonesian Air Force officials.
- RFP - Vehicle registration code intended for Indonesian National Police officials.
For example, B 1703 RFS indicates that the vehicle belongs to a civilian official, whilst B 1148 RFP indicates that the vehicle belongs to a police official.
On 27 January 2023, the Traffic Corps of the Indonesian National Police announced that special RF plates would be discontinued in October 2023, due to often being misused by numbers of people.[24] By July 2023, the special RF plates has been replaced by ZZ plates.
Special plate designs
editMilitary and police vehicles
edit
Military and police vehicles have their own colors and alpha-numeric conventions, including their insignia and/or the rank of the officer owning the vehicle, especially for high-ranking officers.
Army-personnel vehicles are yellow on green background, plus a yellow star on the top. Navy-personnel plate is yellow on light blue, plus a yellow anchor. Air Force-personnel plate is yellow on dark blue, plus a red and white air force roundel. Police plate is yellow on black. Personnel in Armed Forces Headquarters uses yellow numbers on red background plates. Slightly similar, Ministry of Defense vehicles also uses yellow on red plates, only replacing Armed Forces' insignia with the Ministry's insignia. This is also being implemented on other military vehicles, such as motorcycles, jeeps, trucks, and tanks.[25]
Military and Ministry of Defense vehicles use the numerical convention NNNNN-SS where "N" is for numbers from "0" to "9" for registration and "S" denotes a special suffix number/letter which denotes the type of office or unit in which the person who owns the vehicle belongs to.[26]
The suffix codes are:[27]
 Armed Forces |
 Army |
 Navy |
 Air Force |
 Ministry of Defense |
 National Police | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suffix | Department | Suffix | Department | Suffix | Department | Suffix | Department | Suffix | Department | Suffix | Department |
| 00 | Armed Forces Headquarters | 00 | Army Headquarters | 00 | Navy Headquarters | 00 | Air Force Headquarters | 00 | Ministry of Defense | 00 | National Police Headquarters |
| 01 | Staff and Command School | 01 | Army Strategic Reserve Command (KOSTRAD) | 01 | 1st Fleet
Command |
01 | 1st Air Operations Command | 02 | National Defense Institute | I | Aceh Police Region |
| 02 | Military Academy | 02 | Army Special Forces Command (KOPASSUS) | 02 | 2nd Fleet Command | 02 | 2nd Air Operations Command | 05 | Directorate General of Materials, Facilities and Services | II | North Sumatra Police Region |
| 09 | Legal Development Agency | 03 | Military Regional Command (KODAM Jakarta Raya) | 03 | 3rd Fleet Command | 03 | 3rd Air Operations Command | III | West Sumatra Police Region | ||
| 10 | Military Supply Agency | 04 | Education & Training Command | 04 | Military Sealift Command | 04 | Material Maintenance Command | IV | Riau Police Region | ||
| 14 or V | Presidential Security Force (PASPAMPRES) | 05 | Military Regional Command (KODAM Iskandar Muda) | 05 | Marine Corps | 05 | Doctrine, Education and Training Command | V | South Sumatra Police Region | ||
| 10 | Army Academy | 08 | Command and Staff College | 10 | Quick Reaction Forces Command (KOPASGAT) | VI | West Kalimantan Police Region | ||||
| 20 | Command and Staff College | I-XIV | Main Naval Bases from 1-14 | VII | Metro Jaya Police Region | ||||||
| 30 | Army Territorial Center | VIII | West Java Police Region | ||||||||
| 31 | Infantry Armament Center | IX | Central Java Police Region | ||||||||
| 32 | Cavalry Armament Center | X | East Java Police Region | ||||||||
| 33 | Artillery Armament Center | XI | Bali Police Region | ||||||||
| 34 | Military Police Center | XII | East Kalimantan Police Region | ||||||||
| 41 | Directorate of Engineers | XIII | South Kalimantan Police Region | ||||||||
| 42 | Directorate of Supplies and Transportation | XIV | South Sulawesi Police Region | ||||||||
| 43 | Directorate of Equipment | XV | North Sulawesi Police Region | ||||||||
| 44 | Directorate of Supplies and Transportation | XVI | Maluku Police Region | ||||||||
| 45 | Directorate of Health | XVII | Papua Police Region | ||||||||
| 46 | Directorate of the Adjutant General | XVIII | Central Kalimantan Police Region | ||||||||
| 47 | Directorate of Topography | XIX | Central Sulawesi Police Region | ||||||||
| 48 | Directorate of Finance | XX | Southeast Sulawesi Police Region | ||||||||
| 49 | Directorate of Law | XXI | West Nusa Tenggara Police Region | ||||||||
| 51 | Information Service | XXII | East Nusa Tenggara Police Region | ||||||||
| 52 | Mental Development Service | XXIII | Banten Police Region | ||||||||
| 53 | Psychology Service | XXIV | Yogyakarta Special Region Police Region | ||||||||
| 54 | Research and Development Service | XXV | Lampung Police Region | ||||||||
| 55 | Information and Data Processing Service | XXVI | Jambi Police Region | ||||||||
| 56 | Aviation Service | XXVII | Bengkulu Police Region | ||||||||
| I-XVIII | Military Area Commands from 1-18 | XXVIII | Bangka Belitung Islands Police Region | ||||||||
| XXIX | Gorontalo Police Region | ||||||||||
| XXX | North Maluku Police Region | ||||||||||
| XXXI | Riau Islands Police Region | ||||||||||
| XXXII | West Papua Police Region | ||||||||||
| XXXIII | West Sulawesi Police Region | ||||||||||
| XXXV | North Kalimantan Police Region | ||||||||||
Government officials
editExecutive branch
edit
Vehicle registration plates belonging to senior government officials like the president or vice president always begins with RI which stands for Republik Indonesia and are followed by a number. For example, the president's registration plate is RI-1, and the vice president's is RI-2. Other senior officials such as government ministers, the chairman of the House of Representatives, the commander of the National Armed Forces and the chief of the National Police also share the same convention and are assigned the numbers after the President and vice president. These plates are used for everyday activities and have a black on white design.
There are some very special numbers, which are INDONESIA 1 and INDONESIA 2 for the president and vice president, respectively. These numbers are used for ceremonial purposes, such as presidential/vice-presidential inaugurations, national day ceremonies and armed forces day. On inauguration day, at the time the new president and vice president take the oath, the plates are moved from the former presidential/vice-presidential cars to the new car. These numbers are also used for all ceremonial presidential/vice-presidential cars, and have a white-on-red design.
Legislative branch
editIn May 2021, the Indonesian House of Representatives (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) introduced their owned special registration plates, in order to supervise their member's driving behavior. The plate design is similar to the Ministry of Defence's plate, but painted in black and white combination with the seal of the House of Representatives. The codes are:[28]
| Code | Division |
|---|---|
| 1-00 | Speaker of the House of Representatives |
| 2-00 to 5-00 | Deputy Speakers of the House of Representatives |
| 6-xx | Faction Leaders |
| 7-xx | Faction Secretaries |
| 8-xx | Faction Treasurers |
| xx-01 | PDI-P faction |
| xx-02 | Golkar faction |
| xx-03 | Gerindra faction |
| xx-04 | NasDem faction |
| xx-05 | PKB faction |
| xx-06 | Demokrat faction |
| xx-07 | PKS faction |
| xx-08 | PAN faction |
| xx-09 | PPP faction |
| 6-I to 6-XI | Chief of Commission I – XI |
| 7-I to 7-XI | Deputy Chief of Commission I – XI |
| xx-XII | House of Representatives Honor Court |
| xx-XIII | Legislation Agency |
| xx-XIV | Inter-parliament Cooperation Agency |
| xx-XV | Household Affairs Agency |
| xx-XVI | Budget Agency |
| xx-XVII | State Financial Accountability Agency |
| 6-XVIII | General Secretariat |
| 7-XVIII | Expertise Agency |
| 8-XVIII | Deputy of Assembly |
| 9-XVIII | Deputy of Administration |
| 10-XVII | Main Inspector |
| 11-XVII | Chief of General Bureau |
For members of the parliament, the format is xx-yy where xx is the member number and yy is the faction number.
Foreign countries and international organizations
edit Registration plates for vehicles belonging to the government of foreign countries or international organizations follow a different convention. They used to have black letters on a white background with black trim on the bottom. In June 2022, the black trim was scrapped, so the plates would look similar to regular personal vehicle plates.
The plates have the letter CD (abbreviation of Corps Diplomatique, French for Diplomatic Corps) followed by two or three digits denoting the country or organization, followed by up to three digits of the serial number. For example, a car with number CD 66 88 is owned by Vietnam. Generally, the number 01 is reserved for an ambassador's official vehicle.
The order of numbers is based on when they recognized Indonesia as a country. The United States was originally assigned CD 13; due to the stigma associated with the number 13, they asked the Indian delegation to exchange numbers.
The list of countries and organizations follows:
Consulates also use the same format but instead of using the letters CD, they use CC.
Some foreign countries and international-organization vehicles in Jakarta use the B xxxxx yyy format and a normal white on black plate. Where xxxxx stands for five random digits, and yyy stands for the country or organization code.
Vanity plates
edit
A few vehicle owners pay an extra amount of money to get a certain plate as their desire. Because the convention is not flexible to include a full word, people try creative uses of numbers and letters. For example, Idris Sardi, a violin player, uses (B 10 LA) for his vehicle. It is a play on the word BIOLA which means "violin" in Indonesian. Leoni, a famous actress and singer, uses L 30 NI for her car. Even the former President Megawati Soekarnoputri chooses "M 3 GA" for her personal vehicle, as the plate resembles her broadly-known nickname. Edhie Bhaskoro Yudhoyono, former President Yudhoyono's younger son, has "B 24 EB", which "EB" is being his name initial. With the new format of three suffix alphabets, many vanity or personal registration plates are possible to be created. For example, a Toyota Fortuner owner may choose the plate B 42 NER which sounds like B four-two-NER. Syahrini, an Indonesian singer, has "B 1 SYR" as her registration plate number, with "SYR" being her initials.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Mengapa Plat Kendaraan Bermotor Kalsel Harus DA? Inilah Catatan Sejarahnya". Jejakrekam (in Indonesian). 4 April 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "54 Daftar Resmi Kode Plat Nomor Polisi di Indonesia". Samsat Keliling (in Indonesian). Indonesia One-stop Administration Services Office. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Papua Ubah Kode Plat Kendaraan.. | Jawapos.com". Archived from the original on 3 July 2016.
- ^ "Pemprov Papua Pegunungan Launching Plat Nomor Kendaraan". Retrieved 25 October 2024.
- ^ "Bapak Samijan Jadi Pemilik Pertama Plat Nomor Wilayah Papua Selatan dengan Kode PS | RMOLPAPUA.ID". Retrieved 11 June 2024.
- ^ "Halo Warga Timika, Kode Plat Kendaraan PT Sudah Berlaku di Wilayah Papua Tengah| Fajarpapua.com". Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ "Nomor Registrasi Kendaraan Bermotor Wilayah Papua Barat Daya Berubah Jadi PY". Retrieved 11 June 2024.
- ^ "License Plates of Timor Leste (East Timor)". worldlicenseplates.com. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Kentekens in Nederlands-Indië". www.conam.info. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Handboek voor automobilisten en motor wielrijders (Handbook for car drivers and motorcyclists)" (PDF) (in Dutch). Java Motor Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2023.
- ^ a b "License Plates of Indonesia". www.worldlicenseplates.com. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ Sudjatmiko, Suryo. "Plat Nomor Putih, Perubahan Paling Signifikan Sejak Jaman Kolonial". Oto Driver (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ Billy. "Bracket Plat Nomor Polisi, Maaf Masih Terbatas! - GridOto.com". otomotifnet.gridoto.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 28 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Pelat Nomor Baru Kendaraan Lebih Panjang 5 Cm". Detik (in Indonesian). 9 May 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ GridOto.com. "Bracket Plat Nomor Polisi, Maaf Masih Terbatas! - GridOto.com". otomotifnet.gridoto.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ a b c Nanda, Aprida Mega (3 February 2022). Ferdian, Azwar (ed.). "Perubahan Pelat Nomor Warna Putih Mempermudah Sistem ETLE". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ "Ini Dia, Desain Baru Pelat Nomor Kendaraan". detikoto (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Mengenal Pelat Nomor Kendaraan Berdasarkan Warna Dasarnya". kompas.com (in Indonesian). 23 January 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Pelat Nomor Biru Berlaku Buat Mobil dan Motor Listrik". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 28 January 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ Ravel, Stanly (29 January 2020). Kurniawan, Agung (ed.). "Resmi, Pelat Nomor Kendaraan Listrik Berwarna Biru". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Detail Warna Biru Desain Pelat Nomor Kendaraan Listrik". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 28 January 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ a b Maulana, Aditya (1 September 2019). "Polri Ubah Jenis Huruf dan Angka pada Plat Nomor Cantik". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (17 June 2022). "Mengenal Nomor Kendaraan Khusus RF Halaman 2". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 28 November 2022.
- ^ Nuar, Gemilang Isromi. "Tidak Akan Ada Lagi Mobil dengan Pelat RF di Indonesia". Oto Driver (in Indonesian). Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ "Arti Kode Pada Plat Nomor Mobil Dinas TNI-AD". Yonkav 4/KC. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Nanda, Aprida Mega (14 September 2021). Maulana, Aditya (ed.). "Mengenal Kode Pelat Nomor Kendaraan Dinas TNI". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Priyantoro, Donny Dwisatryo (17 October 2022). Maulana, Aditya (ed.). "Mengenal Arti Kode pada Pelat Nomor Kendaraan Dinas TNI". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Sohuturon, Martahan (9 July 2022). "Arti dan Cara Membaca Pelat Nomor Mobil Anggota DPR". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 November 2023.
External links
edit
- Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas Dan Angkutan Jalan – law regulating registration plates, among other things (in Indonesian)
- Indonesian license plates – Operation of Indonesian license plates (in Spanish)