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Functional Groups
editHydrocarbons
editChemical class | Group | Formula | Structural Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alkane | Alkyl | RH | alkyl- | -ane | Ethane | |
Alkene | Alkenyl | R2C=CR2 | alkenyl- | -ene | Ethylene (Ethene) | |
Alkyne | Alkynyl | RC=CR' | alkynyl- | -yne | Acetylene (Ethyne) | |
Benzene derivative | Phenyl | RC6H5 RPh |
phenyl- | -benzene | Cumene (2-phenylpropane) | |
Toluene derivative | Benzyl | RCH2C6H5 RBn |
benzyl- | 1-(substituent)toluene | Benzyl bromide (1-Bromotoluene) |
Groups containing halogens
editChemical class | Group | Formula | Structural Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
haloalkane | halo | RX | halo- | alkyl halide | Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride) | |
chloroalkane | chloro | RCl | chloro- | alkyl chloride | Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) |
Groups containing oxygen
editChemical class | Group | Formula | Structural Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acyl halide | Haloformyl | RCOX | haloformyl- | -oyl halide | Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride) | |
Alcohol | Hydroxyl | ROH | hydroxy- | -ol | Methanol | |
Ketone | Carbonyl | RCOR' | keto-, oxo- | -one | Methyl ethyl ketone (Butanone) | |
Aldehyde | Aldehyde | RCHO | aldo- | -al | Acetaldehyde (Ethanal) | |
Carbonate | Carbonate ester | ROCOOR | alkyl carbonate | |||
Carboxylate | Carboxylate | RCOO- | |
carboxy- | -oate | Sodium acetate (Sodium ethanoate) |
Carboxylic acid | Carboxyl | RCOOH | carboxy- | -oic acid | Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid) | |
Ether | Ether | ROR' | alkoxy- | alkyl alkyl ether | Diethyl ether (Ethoxyethane) | |
Ester | Ester | RCOOR' | alkyl alkanoate | Ethyl butyrate (Ethyl butanoate) | ||
Hydroperoxide | Hydroperoxy | ROOH | hydroperoxy- | alkyl hydroperoxide | Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide | |
Peroxide | Peroxy | ROOR | peroxy- | alkyl peroxide | Di-tert-butyl peroxide |
Groups containing nitrogen
editChemical class | Group | Formula | Structural Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amide | Carboxamide | RCONR2 | carboxamido- | -amide | Acetamide (Ethanamide) | |
Amines | Primary amine | RNH2 | amino- | -amine | Methylamine (Methanamine) | |
Secondary amine | R2NH | amino- | -amine | Dimethylamine | ||
Tertiary amine | R3N | amino- | -amine | Trimethylamine | ||
4° ammonium ion | R4N+ | ammonio- | -ammonium | Choline | ||
Azo compound | Azo (Diimide) |
RN2R' | azo- | -diazene | Methyl orange (p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid) | |
Nitrate | Nitrate | RONO2 | nitrooxy-, nitroxy- |
alkyl nitrate |
Amyl nitrate (1-nitrooxypentane) | |
Nitrile | Nitrile | RCN | cyano- |
alkanenitrile |
Benzonitrile (Phenyl cyanide) | |
Nitrite | Nitrosooxy | RONO | nitrosooxy- |
alkyl nitrite |
Isoamyl nitrite (3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane) | |
Nitro compound | Nitro | RNO2 | nitro- | Nitromethane |