The Unchurched Belt is a region of the US that has low rates of religious participation. The term derives from Bible Belt and the idea of the unchurched. The belt was originally found in the West and Northwestern United States, but has moved over the decades.
The term was first applied to the West Coast of the United States in 1985 by Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge, who found that California, Oregon, and Washington had the lowest church membership rates in the U.S. in 1971, and that there was little change in this pattern between 1971 and 1980.[1][2] Since 1980, however, California's church membership rate has increased; in 2000, the state had a higher percentage of church members than several states in the Northeast and Midwest.[1] Some religious groups are undercounted in surveys of religious membership.[1]
2000
editAs of 2000[update], the six states and provinces reported to have the lowest rate of religious adherence in North America were Oregon, Washington, Alaska, Nevada, and West Virginia.[3] Although West Virginia was reported to have a low rate of religious adherence,[3] it was above the national average rate of church attendance.[4] Sociologist Samuel S. Hill, comparing data from the North American Religion Atlas[5] and the American Religious Identity Survey, concluded that a "disproportionately large number of West Virginians" were not counted.[6] In 2006, Gallup reported that the lowest rates of church attendance among the 48 contiguous states were in Nevada and the New England states of Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Maine. Church attendance in the western states of Oregon, Washington, and California was only slightly higher.[4] A 2008 Gallup poll comparing belief in God among U.S. regions found that only 59% of residents in the Western United States believe in God, compared to 80% in the East, 83% in the Midwest, and 86% in the South.[7]
2010
editA 2011 Gallup poll showed that when it came to the number of people seeing religion as important in everyday life, New Hampshire and Vermont were the least religious, both with 23%, followed by 25% in Maine.[8]
There has been debate as to whether the Western United States is still the most irreligious part of the U.S., due to New England surpassing it as the region with the highest percentage of residents unaffiliated with any religion.[9] On a state level, it is not clear whether the least religious state resides in New England or the Western U.S., as the 2008 American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) ranked Vermont as the state with the highest percentage of residents claiming no religion at 34%,[10][11] but a 2009 Gallup poll ranked Oregon as the state with the highest percentage of residents identifying with "No religion, Atheist, or Agnostic", at 24.6%.[12]
2020
editBy 2020, it appeared that the Bible Belt was shrinking, and each year more states were reporting a higher level of non-participation in religion.[13][14] In 2023, the Unchurched Belt had moved and covered Nevada, Washington, Oregon, and Alaska.[15]
Figures in 2024 showed that 17 U.S. states reported having less than half their population being ‘highly religious’; those states ranged from Massachusetts and New Hampshire, to Hawaii and Montana.[16][17]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Finke, Roger; Scheitle, Christopher (2005). "Accounting for the Uncounted: Computing Correctives for the 2000 RCMS Data". Review of Religious Research. 47 (1): 5. doi:10.2307/4148278. JSTOR 4148278. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- ^ Wright, Richard A (1986). "Reviewed work(s): Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons by Charles Tilly". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 484: 184–185. doi:10.1177/0002716286484001043. JSTOR 1045222. S2CID 220789101.
- ^ a b "All Denominations--Rates of Adherence Per 1000 Population (2000) *Adjusted*". The Association of Religion Data Archives. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- ^ a b Newport, Frank (April 27, 2006). "Church Attendance Lowest in New England, Highest in South". Gallup. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ "North American Religion Atlas". Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis.
- ^ Wilson, Charles Reagan & Mark Silk (eds.), Religion and Public Life in the South: In the Evangelical Mode, AltaMira Press, 2005, pg. 151. ISBN 0-7591-0635-5
- ^ Newport, Frank (July 28, 2008). "Belief in God Far Lower in Western U.S." Gallup. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ Nigel Barber (13 November 2014). "Why Religion is so Weak in Maine". Huffington Post. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
- ^ Lin, Joanna (March 16, 2009). "New England surpasses West Coast as least religious region in America, study finds". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ Kosmin, Barry A.; Keysar, Ariela (March 2009). "American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS 2008)" (PDF). Trinity College. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ Kosmin, Barry A.; et al. (2009). "American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population" (PDF). Trinity College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ Newport, Frank (August 7, 2009). "Religious Identity: States Differ Widely". Gallup. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ Pew Research website, In U.S., Decline of Christianity Continues at Rapid Pace, article dated October 17, 2019
- ^ North Carolina Baptist website, The Vanishing Bible Belt: The Secrets Southern Churches Must Learn to Stay Health, article dated February 10, 2021
- ^ Business Insider website, MAP: From the Bible Belt to the Rust Belt, the United States has 13 distinct ‘belts’ , article by Mark Abadi, Shavanne Gal and Lloyd Lee dated February 20, 2023
- ^ World Population Review website, Least Religious States, retrieved 2024-07-07
- ^ Graphs About Religion website, Which States are the Least Religious (2022)