Wikipedia

The Story of Doctor Dolittle

The Story of Doctor Dolittle, Being the History of His Peculiar Life at Home and Astonishing Adventures in Foreign Parts (1920), written and illustrated by the British author Hugh Lofting, is the first of his Doctor Dolittle books, a series of children's novels about a man who learns to talk to animals and becomes their champion around the world. It was one of the novels in the series which was adapted into the 1967 film Doctor Dolittle.

The Story of Doctor Dolittle
First edition
AuthorHugh Lofting
Original titleThe Story of Doctor Dolittle: Being the History of his Peculiar Life at Home and Astonishing Adventures in Foreign Parts
IllustratorHugh Lofting
Cover artistHugh Lofting
LanguageEnglish
SeriesDoctor Dolittle
GenreFantasy, children's novel
PublisherFrederick A. Stokes[1]
Publication date
October 25, 1920[2]
Publication placeUnited States
Media typePrint
Pages180[1]
Followed byThe Voyages of Doctor Dolittle 
TextThe Story of Doctor Dolittle at Wikisource

Plot

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John Dolittle, MD, is a respected physician and quiet bachelor living with his spinster sister Sarah in the small English village of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh. His love of animals grows over the years and his household menagerie eventually scares off his human clientele, leading to loss of wealth. But after learning the secret of speaking to all animals from his parrot Polynesia, he takes up veterinary practice.

His fortunes rise and fall again after a crocodile takes up residence, leading to his sister leaving in disgust with the intention of getting married, but his fame in the animal kingdom spreads throughout the world. He is conscripted into voyaging to Africa to cure a monkey epidemic just as he faces bankruptcy. He has to borrow supplies and a ship, and sails with a crew of his favourite animals, but is shipwrecked upon arriving in Africa. On the way to the monkey kingdom, his band is arrested by the king of Jolliginki, a victim of European exploitation who wants no white men travelling in his country.

The band barely escapes by ruse, but makes it to the monkey kingdom where things are dire indeed as a result of the raging epidemic. He vaccinates the well monkeys and nurses the sick back to health. In appreciation, the monkeys find the pushmi-pullyu, a shy two-headed gazelle-unicorn cross, whose rarity may bring Dr. Dolittle money back home.

On the return trip, they again are captured in Jolliginki. This time they escape with the help of Prince Bumpo, who gives them a ship in exchange for Dolittle's bleaching Bumpo's face white, his greatest desire being to act as a European fairy-tale prince. Dolittle's crew then have a couple of run-ins with pirates, leading to Dolittle's winning a pirate ship loaded with treasures and rescuing a boy whose uncle was abandoned on a rock island. After reuniting the two, Dolittle finally makes it home and tours with the pushmi-pullyu in a circus until he makes enough money to retire to his beloved home in Puddleby.

Publication

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Although the book's author was British, it was published in the US by Frederick A. Stokes on October 25, 1920[2] before being published in the UK by Cape in 1924.[3]

Reception

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The book has been popular, with numerous new editions and translations, and received critical praise, with reviewers and educators calling it “classic” and “a work of genius.” At the same time, in the late 20th century, it has been criticized for its colonial-era themes, in particular, racist depiction of Africans, which led to later editions being rewritten to address some of these concerns.[4][5][6]

Analysis

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Educational themes

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The book has been praised for its educational messages related to anti-consumerism and environmentalism, in particular in the context of and empathy and care for animals.[6][7][8][9][10]

Racism

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One of the images from the 1920 edition of the book, later criticized as racist.

The book has been criticized for its colonial-era terminology, which has been since late 20th century described as racist.[5][11][4] The book contains several racial slurs and a skin whitening subplot.[5] Lofting's illustrations of Africans which were used for most early editions are also seen today as racial caricatures.[6][12][13] New York librarian Isabelle Suhl in 1968 claimed that Doctor Dolittle was "the personification of The Great White Father Nobly Bearing the White Man's Burden and that his creator was a white racist and chauvinist, guilty of almost every prejudice known to modern white Western man".[14]

Later editions of the books were edited to address some of these concerns, after Lofting's estate authorized a number of changes in 1988.[5][4] When Dell Publishing issued Lofting centenary editions of the books in 1988, the slurs and colorist subplot were removed.[15][16] Such practices, however, have been also described as a form of book censorship motivated by political correctness.[17][18][4][5] Some modern translations of the book use the original text rather than a modified version, due to reasons ranging from lack of awareness that other versions exist, cost saving (original version is now in the public domain, unlike the modified ones), or publisher conscious preference for the unmodified version (often in the context of rejection of censorship and political correctness).[5]

Despite such changes, the book is still seen as suffering from other problems which are impossible to address, such as the very plot of Dolittle being invited to Africa to fix the problems that the natives cannot, as well as stereotypical portrayal of natives as backward and superstitious.[5][19]

References

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  1. ^ a b "The Story of Doctor Dolittle". Library of Congress Catalog. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  2. ^ a b "New Books Received", Brooklyn Daily Eagle, October 25, 1920, p6
  3. ^ "British Library Item details". primocat.bl.uk. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d Smith, Cathay Y. N. (2024). "Rewriting History: Copyright, Free Speech, and Reimagining Classic Works". Villanova Law Review. 69 (2): 319–360.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Martyna Engeset-Pograniczna (11 December 2020). "Doktor Dolittle i jego rasizm.(Nie) niwelowanie kolonialnej wizji świata w polskich tłumaczeniach powieści Hugh Loftinga". Zwischen Ideologie und Transcreation – Schreiben und Übersetzen für Kinder / Między ideologią a transkreacją – pisać i tłumaczyć dla dzieci (PDF) (1 ed.). PL: Wydawnictwo Rys Tomasz Paluszyński. doi:10.48226/dwnuam.978-83-66666-22-1_2020.7. ISBN 978-83-66666-22-1. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  6. ^ a b c Traub, James (9 September 2020). "Doctor Dolittle's Talking Animals Still Have Much to Say". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  7. ^ Beata Mytych-Forajter (2015). "Doktor Dolittle i jego zwierzęta" - lektura ekokrytyczna (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. ISBN 978-83-8012-623-7. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  8. ^ Elick, Catherine L (2007). "Anxieties of an Animal Rights Activist: The Pressures of Modernity in Hugh Lofting's Doctor Dolittle Series". Children's Literature Association Quarterly. 32 (4): 323–339. doi:10.1353/chq.2007.0054. ISSN 1553-1201.
  9. ^ Gilmour, Michael J. (2020), Gilmour, Michael J. (ed.), "Introduction: The Parallel Voices of Modern Animal Welfare Movements and a Literature of Compassion", Creative Compassion, Literature and Animal Welfare, The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–43, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55430-9_1, ISBN 978-3-030-55430-9, retrieved 21 August 2024
  10. ^ Frevert, Ute; Eitler, Pascal; Olsen, Stephanie; Jensen, Uffa; Pernau, Margrit; Brückenhaus, Daniel; Beljan, Magdalena; Gammerl, Benno; Laukötter, Anja (24 July 2014). "Doctor Dolittle's Empathy". Learning How to Feel: Children's Literature and Emotional Socialization, 1870-1970. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-150800-4.
  11. ^ Chambers, Dewey W. (1968). "How Now, Dr. Dolittle?". Elementary English. 45 (4): 437–445. ISSN 0013-5968. JSTOR 41386341.
  12. ^ Mavis, Wormley D. "Black Images in Children's Literature: Revised Editions Needed". SLJ, School Library Journal, vol. 18, no. 5, 1972, pp. 37-39.
  13. ^ "Dr. Doolittle - Cultural Portrayals in Children's Literature". culturalportrayals.weebly.com. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  14. ^ Lanes, Selma G. (28 August 1988). "CHILDRENS' BOOKS; DOCTOR DOLITTLE, INNOCENT AGAIN". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  15. ^ Lanes, Selma G. "Doctor Dolittle, Innocent Again", New York Times. August 28, 1988.
  16. ^ Smith, Cathay Y. N. (12 January 2024). "Editing Classic Books: A Threat to the Public Domain? - Virginia Law Review". virginialawreview.org. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  17. ^ Collett, Anne (1 January 1997). ""Sharing a Common Destiny": Censorship, Imperialism and the Stories of Doctor Dolittle". Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive): 81–93.
  18. ^ Ohsawa, Yoshihiro (2008). "'Censorship' in Translation: Political Correctness in Hugh Lofting's the Story of Doctor Dolittle and Yoshimoto Banana's Kitchen". Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature. 54 (1): 34–43. ISSN 1947-2978.
  19. ^ Bird, Elizabeth. "Of Race and Reprints". School Library Journal. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
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