"The Song of the Western Men", also known as "Trelawny", is a Cornish patriotic song, composed by Louisa T. Clare for lyrics by Robert Stephen Hawker. The poem was first published anonymously in The Royal Devonport Telegraph and Plymouth Chronicle in September 1826, over 100 years after the events.[1]
| English: "The Song of the Western Men" | |
|---|---|
 Plaque commemorating R. S. Hawker at Charles Church, Plymouth | |
Unofficial national anthem of  Cornwall | |
| Lyrics | Robert Stephen Hawker, 1826 |
| Music | Louisa T. Clare, 1861 |
Background
editHawker, a churchman, claimed authorship for the words except for the chorus.[2] He assumed that the Trelawny mentioned in those three lines was Sir Jonathan Trelawny, the Bishop of Bristol, who had been imprisoned in the Tower of London by King James II in 1688. However it is more likely that it referred to his grandfather, Sir John Trelawny, a Cornish Royalist leader who had been imprisoned by parliament in 1628. The people of Cornwall did not actually march to rescue Trelawny, as told in the song. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London for three weeks, then tried and acquitted.[3][4]
Hawker's poem was set to music by Louisa T. Clare in 1861.[5] Hawker was so pleased with Clare's setting, that he sent her another poem of his in hopes of a further success.[6]
According to Cornish historian Robert Morton Nance, "The Song of the Western Men" was possibly inspired by the song "Come, all ye jolly tinner boys" which was written more than ten years earlier in about 1807, when Napoleon Bonaparte made threats that would affect trade in Cornwall at the time of the invasion of Poland. "Ye jolly tinner boys" contains the line "Why forty thousand Cornish boys shall know the reason why."[7]
In 1881, at the laying of the foundation stone of the Cathedral at Truro, the song was described by Canon Harvey as "... the national anthem of our dear Cornwall."[8] The song is a regular favourite sung at Cornish rugby union matches and other Cornish gatherings. In some schools in Cornwall, the children are taught the first verse and chorus, and sing it at events such as Murdoch Day and St Piran's Day (5 March). Since 2016 the latter occasion has also seen the "Trelawny Shout" – the song being sung in pubs across Cornwall for charity. [9]
"Trelawny"
editA good sword and a trusty hand!
A merry heart and true!
King James's men shall understand
What Cornish lads can do!
And have they fixed the where and when?
And shall Trelawny die?
Here's twenty thousand Cornish men
Will know the reason why!
And shall Trelawny live?
Or shall Trelawny die?
Here's twenty thousand Cornish men
Will know the reason why!
Out spake their Captain brave and bold:
A merry wight was he:
Though London Tower were Michael's hold,
We'll set Trelawny free!
We'll cross the Tamar, land to land:
The Severn is no stay:
With "one and all," and hand in hand;
And who shall bid us nay?
And shall Trelawny live?
Or shall Trelawny die?
Here's twenty thousand Cornish men
Will know the reason why!
And when we come to London Wall,
A pleasant sight to view,
Come forth! come forth! ye cowards all:
Here's men as good as you.
Trelawny he's in keep and hold;
Trelawny he may die:
Here's twenty thousand Cornish bold
Will know the reason why
And shall Trelawny live?
Or shall Trelawny die?
Here's twenty thousand Cornish men
Will know the reason why!
Translation into Cornish
editThere are two versions of the song in Cornish. The first was written by Henry Jenner in 1905:
|
'Ma lel an leuv, 'ma'n kledha mas Yw ornys le ha prys ankow?
'Medh aga Hapten, krev ha dreus, "Ni 'dres an Tamar, tir dhe dir,
"Pan wrellen dos dhe Fos Loundres, "Yn karhar kelmys rag ankow
|
Gans kledha da ha dorn yw lel,
Yn-medh an kapten, byw y woos,
Devedhys bys yn fos Loundres
|
Notes
edit- The original words were written about Sir John Trelawny (grandfather of the Bishop) who was leader of the King's party in Cornwall and on 13 May 1627 was committed to the Tower by the House of Commons for certain "offences against the liberty of free election" and "contempt of the House".[10]
- "Michael's hold" may refer[vague] to Archangel Michael, commander of the legions of Heaven. Other sources say the line refers to a hold on St Michaels Mount (i.e. a prison or cell).
- There is some doubt as to whether the work was entirely original or an adaptation of an earlier tune.
- "Trelawny" is often referred to, by anyone who is Cornish, as the "unofficial" Cornish anthem and the most popular which is heard at Cornish rugby union matches and other Cornish gatherings, but the Cornish anthem that has been used by Gorsedh Kernow for the last 75 plus years is "Bro Goth Agan Tasow" ("The Land of My Fathers", or, literally, "Old Country of our Fathers") with a similar tune to the Welsh national anthem ("Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau") and the Breton national anthem. "Bro Goth Agan Tasow" is not heard so often, as it is sung in Cornish). Those who prefer an anthem in English often use "Hail to the Homeland".
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ A Bookman's Catalogue Vol. 1. UBC Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0774844833. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ "Trelawny". Robert Stephen Hawker. 27 August 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ "Robert Stephen Hawker: Trelawny". Hawker Society, Angela Williams. 27 August 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- ^ Piers Brendon, Hawker Of Morwenstow: Portrait of an Eccentric Victorian, Random House, 2011
- ^ Hawker, Robert Stephen. Cornish Ballads and Other Poems. John Lane, 1908. xxviii.
- ^ Hawker, Robert Stephen. The Life and Letters of R.S. Hawker. John Lane, 1904. 269.
- ^ Pritchard, George. "CORNISH-L Archives". rootsweb. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- ^ "Trelawny (A Lecture Give at Nine Cornish Towns by Canon Harvey, of Truro)". The Cornishman. No. 137. 24 February 1881. p. 6.
- ^ "Sir Jonathan Trelawny – Anglican 'Trelawnebishop". cornwall guide. 2 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- ^ Charles Edward Byles (1904). The Life and Letters of R. S. Hawker (Sometime Vicar of Morwenstow). London: John Lane. p. 30.
External links
edit- "The Song of The Western Men" at RobertStephenHawker.co.uk
- The Life and Letters of R. S. Hawker from the Internet Archive
- Words in Cornish from the Federation of Old Cornwall Societies website
- Trelawny's Army (with notes by R. S. Hawker)
- "The Song of the Western Men" from Everything2
The Song of the Western Men public domain audiobook at LibriVox (multiple versions)