Wikipedia

Svante Pääbo

Svante Pääbo ForMemRS KmstkNO (Swedish: [ˈsvânːtɛ̂ ˈpʰɛ̌ːbʊ̂];[3] born 20 April 1955) is a Swedish geneticist and Nobel Laureate who specialises in the field of evolutionary genetics.[4] As one of the founders of paleogenetics, he has worked extensively on the Neanderthal genome.[5][6] In 1997, he became founding director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.[7][8][9] Since 1999, he has been an honorary professor at Leipzig University; he currently teaches molecular evolutionary biology at the university.[10][11] He is also an adjunct professor at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan.[12]

Svante Pääbo
ForMemRS KmstkNO
Pääbo in 2016
Born (1955-04-20) 20 April 1955 (age 69)
Stockholm, Sweden
EducationUppsala University (PhD)
Known forPaleogenetics
Spouse
​
(m. 2008)​
Children2
RelativesSune Bergström (father)
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisHow the E19 Protein of Adenoviruses Modulates the Immune System (1986)

In 2022, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution".[13][14][15]

Education and early life

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Pääbo was born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1955 and grew up there with his mother,[5] Estonian chemist Karin Pääbo (Estonian: [ˈpæːpo]; 1925–2013), who had escaped from the Soviet invasion in 1944[16] and arrived in Sweden as a refugee during World War II.[17][18] He was born through an extramarital affair[19] of his father, Swedish biochemist Sune Bergström (1916–2004),[5] who, like his son, became a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (in 1982).[20] Pääbo is his mother's only child; he has via his father's marriage a half-brother (also born in 1955).[21]

Pääbo grew up as a native Swedish speaker.[22] In a 2012 interview with the Estonian newspaper Eesti Päevaleht, he said that he self-identifies as a Swede, but has a "special relationship with Estonia".[23]

In 1975, Pääbo began studying at Uppsala University, serving one year in the Swedish Defense Forces attached to the School of Interpreters. Pääbo earned his Ph.D. from Uppsala University in 1986 for research investigating how the E19 protein of adenoviruses modulates the immune system.[24]

Research and career

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Pääbo at the 2014 Nobel Conference

Pääbo is known as one of the founders of paleogenetics, a discipline that uses genetics to study early humans and other ancient species.[25][26]

From 1986 to 1987, he did postdoctoral research at the Institute for Molecular Biology II, University of Zurich, Switzerland.[27]

As an EMBO Postdoctoral Fellow, Pääbo moved to the United States in 1987, accepting a position as a postdoctoral researcher in biochemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, where he joined Allan Wilson's lab and worked on the genome of extinct mammals.[27][28]

In 1990, he returned to Europe to become professor of general biology at the University of Munich, and, in 1997, he became founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.[28]

In 1997, Pääbo and colleagues reported their successful sequencing of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), originating from a specimen found in Feldhofer grotto in the Neander valley.[29][30]

In August 2002, Pääbo's department published findings about the "language gene", FOXP2, which is mutated in some individuals with language disabilities.[31]

In 2006, Pääbo announced a plan to reconstruct the entire genome of Neanderthals. In 2007, he was named one of Time magazine's 100 most influential people of the year.[32]

In February 2009, at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Chicago, it was announced that the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology had completed the first draft version of the Neanderthal genome.[33] Over 3 billion base pairs were sequenced in collaboration with the 454 Life Sciences Corporation.[34]

In March 2010, Pääbo and his coworkers published a report about the DNA analysis of a finger bone found in the Denisova Cave in Siberia; the results suggest that the bone belonged to an extinct member of the genus Homo that had not yet been recognised, the Denisova hominin.[35] Pääbo first wanted to classify the Denisovans as a species of their own, separate from modern humans and Neanderthals but changed his mind after peer-review.[36][37]

Pääbo's doctoral student Viviane Slon was able to successfully map the Denisovan genome, clarifying geographic distribution and admixtures in archaic humans.[38][39]

In May 2010, Pääbo and his colleagues published a draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome in the journal Science.[40] He and his team also concluded that there was probably interbreeding between Neanderthals and Eurasian (but not Sub-Saharan African) humans.[41] There is general mainstream support in the scientific community for this theory of interbreeding between archaic and modern humans.[42] This admixture of modern human and Neanderthal genes is estimated to have occurred roughly between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago, in the Middle East.[43]

In 2014, he published the book Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes where he, in the mixed form of a memoir and popular science, tells the story of the research effort to map the Neanderthal genome combined with his thoughts on human evolution.[20][44]

In 2020, Hugo Zeberg and Svante Pääbo determined that more severe impacts upon victims of the COVID-19 disease, including the vulnerability to it and the incidence of the necessity of hospitalisation, have been associated via DNA analysis to be expressed in genetic variants at chromosomal region 3, features that are associated with European Neanderthal heritage. That structure imposes greater risks that those affected will develop a more severe form of the disease.[45] The findings were described in a Nature article with Hugo Zeberg from Karolinska Institutet and Svante Pääbo from the Max Planck Institute.[45]

As of October 2022, Pääbo has an h-index of 167 according to Google Scholar[4] and of 133 according to Scopus.[46]

Awards and honours

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Pääbo showed the medal of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Fumio Kishida (February 1, 2023).

In 1992, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honour awarded in German research. Pääbo was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2000, and in 2004 was elected an international member of the National Academy of Sciences.[47] In 2005, he received the prestigious Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine.[1] In 2008, Pääbo was added to the members of the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts. In the same year, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[48] In October 2009, the Foundation For the Future announced that Pääbo had been awarded the 2009 Kistler Prize for his work isolating and sequencing ancient DNA, beginning in 1984 with a 2,400-year-old mummy.[49] In June 2010, the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) awarded him the Theodor Bücher Medal for outstanding achievements in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.[50] In 2013, he received Gruber Prize in Genetics for groundbreaking research in evolutionary genetics.[51] In June 2015, he was awarded the degree of DSc (honoris causa) at NUI Galway.[52] He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 2016,[2] and in 2017, was awarded the Dan David Prize. In 2018, he received the Princess of Asturias Awards in the category of Scientific Research, in 2020 the Japan Prize,[53] in 2021 the Massry Prize[54] and in 2022 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[55] for sequencing the first Neanderthal genome.[14]

Personal life

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Pääbo wrote in his 2014 book Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes that he is bisexual. He assumed he was gay until he met Linda Vigilant, an American primatologist and geneticist whose "boyish charms" attracted him. They have co-authored many papers, are married and raising a son and a daughter together in Leipzig.[56][6]

Distinctions

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Professor Svante PÄÄBO | Jeantet". 1 October 2017. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Svante Paabo". London: Royal Society. 2016. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:

    "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  3. ^ Lena Nordlund, Annlouise Martin (Producers) (14 August 2014). Svante Pääbo (MP3) (Radio). Sveriges Radio. Event occurs at 1:15. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  4. ^ a b Svante Pääbo publications indexed by Google Scholar  
  5. ^ a b c Kolbert, Elizabeth. "Sleeping with the Enemy: What happened between the Neanderthals and us?". The New Yorker. No. 15 & 22 August 2011. pp. 64–75. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b Pääbo, Svante (2014). Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02083-6.
  7. ^ Gitschier, J. (2008). "Imagine: An Interview with Svante Pääbo". PLOS Genetics. 4 (3). PLOS: e1000035. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000035. PMC 2274957. PMID 18369454.
  8. ^ Zagorski, N. (2006). "Profile of Svante Pääbo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (37): 13575–13577. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10313575Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606596103. PMC 1564240. PMID 16954182.
  9. ^ "Svante Paabo at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  10. ^ Heckmann, Carsten. "Honorary professor at Leipzig University recognised: Japan Prize Goes to Svante Pääbo". Leipzig University. eipzig University. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  11. ^ Heckmann, Carsten. "Congratulations to our honorary professor! Nobel Prize for Savante Pääbo". Leipzig University. eipzig University. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  12. ^ "Svante Pääbo". OIST Groups. 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022". Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  14. ^ a b Grover, Natalie; Pollard, Niklas; Ahlander, Johan (3 October 2022). "Swedish geneticist wins Nobel medicine prize for decoding ancient DNA". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  15. ^ "Nobel laureate Svante Paabo's ancient DNA discoveries shed light on what makes us human". Onmanorama. 6 October 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  16. ^ Külli Riin Tigasson (17 March 2012). "Svante Pääbo: mis tegi inimesest inimese?" (Interview with subject). Eesti Päevaleht (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  17. ^ Tambur, Silver (3 October 2022). "Estonian descendant Svante Pääbo awarded Nobel prize". EstonianWorld. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  18. ^ Strandberg, Marek (4 October 2022). "Eesti juurtega Svante Pääbo tõi kärgperre teisegi Nobeli auhinna". Postimees (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.(subscription required)
  19. ^ Schultz, Isaac (3 October 2022). "Paleogeneticist Svante Pääbo Picks Up Nobel Prize for Human Origins Research". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  20. ^ a b Peter Forbes (20 February 2014) Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes by Svante Pääbo – review Archived 1 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "Svensken Svante Pääbo får Nobelpriset i medicin". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  22. ^ Külli Riin Tigasson (17 March 2012). "Svante Pääbo: mis tegi inimesest inimese?" (Interview with subject). Eesti Päevaleht (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  23. ^ Külli Riin Tigasson (17 March 2012). "Svante Pääbo: mis tegi inimesest inimese?" (Interview with subject). Eesti Päevaleht (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022. Pääbo was quoted saying: "I grew up understanding what Estonia is, but I don't speak Estonian. I have never attended Estonian school. I identify with the Swedes, but I have a special relationship with Estonia."(Kasvasin üles teades, mis on Eesti, aga eesti keelt ma ei räägi. Ma pole kunagi käinud eesti koolis. Identifitseerin end rootslastega, aga mul on eriline suhe Eestiga)
  24. ^ Pääbo, Svante (1986). How the E19 protein of adenoviruses modulates the immune system (PhD thesis). Uppsala University. ISBN 9155419216. OCLC 16668494. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  25. ^ "Svante Paabo publications in PubMed". Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  26. ^ "Edge: Mapping the Neanderthal Genome – A Conversation With Svante Pääbo". Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  27. ^ a b "Svante Pääbo". Max Planch Institute. 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  28. ^ a b Daniela Mocker (4 October 2022). "Nobel Winner Svante Pääbo Discovered the Neandertal in Our Genes". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  29. ^ Krings, M; Stone, A; Schmitz, Rw; Krainitzki, H; Stoneking, M; Pääbo, S (1997). "Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans". Cell. 90 (1): 19–30. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80310-4. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0025-0960-8. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9230299. S2CID 13581775.
  30. ^ Rincon, Paul (11 April 2018). "How ancient DNA is transforming our view of the past". BBC. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  31. ^ Enard, W.; Przeworski, M.; Fisher, S. E.; Lai, C. S. L.; Wiebe, V.; Kitano, T.; Monaco, A. P.; Pääbo, S. (2002). "Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language". Nature. 418 (6900): 869–872. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..869E. doi:10.1038/nature01025. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-CB89-A. PMID 12192408. S2CID 4416233.
  32. ^ Venter, J. C. (2007). "Time 100 scientists & thinkers. Svante Paabo". Time. Vol. 169, no. 20. p. 116. PMID 17536326.
  33. ^ Callaway, Ewen (12 February 2009) First draft of Neanderthal genome is unveiled Archived 3 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine New Scientist, Life. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  34. ^ "Neanderthal genome completed". Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (Press release). 12 February 2009. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  35. ^ Krause, J.; Fu, Q.; Good, J. M.; Viola, B.; Shunkov, M. V.; Derevianko, A. P.; Pääbo, S. (2010). "The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia". Nature. 464 (7290): 894–897. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..894K. doi:10.1038/nature08976. PMC 10152974. PMID 20336068.
  36. ^ Karlsson, Mattis (18 February 2022). From Fossil To Fact : The Denisova Discovery as Science in Action. Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences. Vol. 830. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press. doi:10.3384/9789179291716. ISBN 978-91-7929-170-9. S2CID 246373889. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  37. ^ Pääbo, Svante (2014). Neanderthal man : in search of lost genomes. New York. ISBN 978-0-465-02083-6. OCLC 862400377.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  38. ^ "Entire genome of extinct human decoded from fossil". www.mpg.de. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  39. ^ "Viviane Slon among Nature's annual Top Ten". www.mpg.de. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  40. ^ Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Briggs, A. W.; Maricic, T.; Stenzel, U.; Kircher, M.; Patterson, N.; Li, H.; Zhai, W.; Fritz, M. H. Y.; Hansen, N. F.; Durand, E. Y.; Malaspinas, A. S.; Jensen, J. D.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Alkan, C.; Prüfer, K.; Meyer, M.; Burbano, H. A.; Good, J. M.; Schultz, R.; Aximu-Petri, A.; Butthof, A.; Höber, B.; Höffner, B.; Siegemund, M.; Weihmann, A.; Nusbaum, C.; Lander, E. S.; Russ, C.; et al. (2010). "A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome". Science. 328 (5979): 710–722. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..710G. doi:10.1126/science.1188021. PMC 5100745. PMID 20448178..
  41. ^ Rincon, Paul (2010). "Neanderthal genes 'survive in us'". BBC. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  42. ^ Lalueza-Fox, C; Gilbert, MTP (2011). "Paleogenomics of Archaic Hominins". Current Biology. 21 (24): R1002–R1009. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.021. PMID 22192823. S2CID 14371551.
  43. ^ Wong, Kate. "Neandertal Genome Study Reveals That We Have a Little Caveman in Us". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022. "By way of explanation, the investigators suggest that the interbreeding occurred in the Middle East between 45,000 and 80,000 years ago, before moderns fanned out to other parts of the Old World and split into different groups."
  44. ^ Simon Underdown (3 April 2014) Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes, by Svante Pääbo Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Times Higher Education. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  45. ^ a b The ancient Neanderthal in severe COVID-19 Archived 4 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Science News, 30 September 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  46. ^ "Scopus preview – Pääbo, Svante – Author details – Scopus". scopus.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  47. ^ "Member Directory: Svante Pääbo". Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  48. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  49. ^ "Foundation For the Future has selected Dr. Svante Pääbo as the 2009 winner of the Kistler Prize". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  50. ^ "FEBS MEDALS: The Theodor Bücher Lecture and Medal". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  51. ^ "Gruber Genetics Prize for Svante Pääbo". MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  52. ^ "ONE OF WORLD'S MOST INFLUENTIAL SCIENTISTS TO SPEAK AT NUI GALWAY". Archived from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
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  56. ^ Powledge, Tabitha M. (6 March 2014). "Sexy Science: Neanderthals, Svante Pääbo and the story of how sex shaped modern humans". Genetic Literary Project. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  57. ^ "Ordnar till tretton exceptionella svenskar". Kungl. Maj:ts Orden (in Swedish). Retrieved 21 March 2024.
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