Edward Spencer Abraham (born June 12, 1952) is an American attorney, author, and politician who served as the 10th United States Secretary of Energy from 2001 to 2005, under President George W. Bush. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a United States Senator from Michigan from 1995 to 2001. Abraham is one of the founders of the Federalist Society, and a co-founder of the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy. As of 2024, he is the last Republican to have served as a U.S. senator from Michigan.
Spencer Abraham | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 2001 | |
| 10th United States Secretary of Energy | |
| In office January 20, 2001 – January 31, 2005 | |
| President | George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Bill Richardson |
| Succeeded by | Samuel Bodman |
| United States Senator from Michigan | |
| In office January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001 | |
| Preceded by | Donald Riegle |
| Succeeded by | Debbie Stabenow |
| Chair of the Michigan Republican Party | |
| In office 1983–1991 | |
| Preceded by | Melvin L. Larsen |
| Succeeded by | David J. Doyle |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Edward Spencer Abraham June 12, 1952 East Lansing, Michigan, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Jane Abraham |
| Education | Michigan State University (BA) Harvard University (JD) |
| Awards | Lebanese National Order of the Cedar (Commander Class) |
Education and family
editAbraham was born in East Lansing, Michigan, the son of Juliette Elizabeth (Sear), a member of the Michigan Republican State Central Committee, and Eddie Joseph Abraham.[1] He is a graduate of East Lansing High School. Of Lebanese descent, Abraham is married to Jane Abraham, chair of the Susan B. Anthony List. They have three children. He holds a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Harvard University, and is a 1974 Honors College graduate of Michigan State University. In 1978, while at Harvard Law School, Abraham helped found the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy,[2] which became one of the official journals of the Federalist Society, which was founded in 1982.
Political career
editBefore his election to the Senate, Abraham was a law professor at Thomas M. Cooley Law School.
Republican Party service
editHe was elected chairman of the Michigan Republican Party from 1983 to 1990. He was deputy chief of staff for Vice President Dan Quayle from 1990 to 1991. He later served as co-chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) from 1991 to 1993 and ran for chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1993, coming second to Haley Barbour.
United States Senate
editAbraham was elected to represent Michigan in the United States Senate in 1994, and he served until 2001 after being defeated for reelection in 2000 by Debbie Stabenow. He was the only Lebanese American in the chamber. According to the New York Times, state Republicans attributed his loss to "scathing advertisements by a wide range of special interest groups, including advertisements that criticized Mr. Abraham's support for a relaxation of some immigration restrictions".[3] During the campaign, the Federation for American Immigration Reform, an anti-immigration advocacy group with ties to white nationalism,[4] ran ads asking: "Why is Senator Spencer Abraham trying to make it easier for terrorists like Osama bin Laden to export their war of terror to any city street in America?"[5][6][7] The media denounced these commercials as "vengeful".[8] In 1996, when President Bill Clinton endorsed Representative Barbara Jordan's proposed cuts to legal immigration, Abraham played a leading role in blocking the cuts.[9] Another factor in his defeat was his vote to convict Clinton in his 1999 impeachment trial.[10] The next year he received the "Defender of the Melting Pot" award from the National Council of La Raza for his efforts on immigration.[11]
This section possibly contains original research. (October 2008) |
Committee service and legislation
editAbraham served on the Budget, Commerce, Science and Transportation, Judiciary, and Small Business Committees. He also chaired two subcommittees: Manufacturing and Competitiveness, and Immigration. Abraham authored the H1B Visa in Global and National Commerce Act, establishing a federal framework for online contracts and signatures; the Government Paperwork Elimination Act, and the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which protects Internet domain names for businesses and persons against copyright and trademark infringements. In 1999, Abraham co-sponsored S.896, a bill to abolish the U.S. Department of Energy, which would have transferred control of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve in large part to the Defense Department.[12]
U.S. Energy Secretary
edit
In 2001, George W. Bush appointed Abraham Secretary of Energy. On November 15, 2004, Abraham announced that he would resign from this position, effective with the swearing-in of his successor, Samuel W. Bodman, on February 1, 2005.
In 2004, Lebanese Ambassador Farid Abboud awarded Abraham the National Order of the Cedar.[13]
Hoover Institution
editFrom 2005 to 2007, Abraham was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institution, a think tank based at Stanford University. After leaving office, he opened The Abraham Group,[14] a Washington DC–based international strategic consulting firm, of which he is chairman and CEO.[15][16]
Fred Thompson presidential campaign
editOn July 24, 2007, Abraham was announced as an "ambassador to official Washington" for Fred Thompson's 2008 presidential campaign.[17]
Later career
editIn 2006, Abraham was appointed Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of AREVA Inc., the American arm of the French nuclear company Areva, which is planning to build EPR nuclear power plants in the United States and is building the mixed oxide fuel (MOX) manufacturing plant at the Savannah River Site to convert legacy weapons-grade plutonium into power station fuel.[18][15]
With William Tucker, Abraham wrote Lights Out!: Ten Myths About (and Real Solutions to) America's Energy Crisis (2010).
In 2016, Abraham was elected to the board of trustees of the California Institute of Technology.[19]
Electoral history
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Debbie Stabenow | 2,061,952 | 49.5 | ||
| Republican | Spencer Abraham (Incumbent) | 1,994,693 | 47.9 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Spencer Abraham | 1,577,865 | 52 | ||
| Democratic | Bob Carr | 1,298,726 | 43 | ||
| Libertarian | Jon Coon | 127,783 | 4 | ||
Book
edit- Abraham, Spencer (with William Tucker). (2010) Lights Out!: Ten Myths About (and Real Solutions to) America's Energy Crisis. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-57021-7
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "The Political Graveyard: Eastern Orthodox Politicians". politicalgraveyard.com. Retrieved Aug 30, 2021.
- ^ "Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy". Archived from the original on 2005-12-20. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ^ "THE 2000 ELECTIONS: MICHIGAN; Congresswoman Unseats a Senator". The New York Times. November 9, 2000. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
- ^ "Federation for American Immigration Reform". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
- ^ "Mainstream Left is Silent About Nativist Right by Paul A. Gigot". Archived from the original on 2006-06-17. Retrieved 2006-08-12.
- ^ "AEI - Short Publications". Archived from the original on 2006-08-09. Retrieved 2006-08-12.
- ^ "FAIR: Federation for American Immigration Reform". Archived from the original on 2012-03-17. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
- ^ "Article". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18.
- ^ Pear, Robert (June 8, 1995). "Clinton Embraces a Proposal To Cut Immigration by a Third". The New York Times.
- ^ "Special Report: Clinton Accused". Washingtonpost.com. 1999-01-29. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
- ^ Krikorian, Mark (August 19, 2005). "Liberal Two-Step Dems pay lip service only on border control". National Review.
- ^ "Bill Summary & Status - 106th Congress (1999 - 2000) - S.896 - All Information - THOMAS (Library of Congress)". Archived from the original on 2016-07-04. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ^ "Farid Abboud awards Spencer Abraham "The National Order of the Cedar"". Archived from the original on 2007-07-28. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
- ^ "The Abraham Group LLC". Retrieved 25 August 2021.
- ^ a b "Officers – Strong U.S. Leadership". Areva. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ "Spencer ABRAHAM nommé Président du conseil d'administration d'AREVA Inc" (in French). Framatome ANP. March 1, 2006.
- ^ The Politico, F. Thompson shakes up pre-launch campaign, by Jonathan Martin and Mike Allen, July 24, 2007.
- ^ Jo Becker and William J. Broad (April 10, 2011). "New Doubts About Turning Plutonium Into a Fuel". New York Times. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ "Caltech Elects Three New Members to Board of Trustees". California Institute of Technology. 26 October 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2017.