Philip Frederick of the Palatinate

John Philip Frederick of the Palatinate (16 September 1627 – 16 December 1650), was the seventh son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, Elizabeth of Bohemia.

Prince Philip Frederick
Prince Philip of the Palatinate, as a Roman emperor.
Born	(1627-09-16)16 September 1627 The Hague, Dutch Republic
Died	(1650-12-16)16 December 1650 (aged 23) Rethel, Kingdom of France
Burial	Church of St. Charles Borromeo, Sedan
House	Palatinate-Simmern
Father	Frederick V, Elector Palatine
Mother	Elizabeth Stuart
Religion	Protestant

Early years

Prince Philip was born in The Hague, where his parents lived in exile after his father lost the Battle of White Mountain and was driven from the thrones of both Bohemia and the Palatinate. He was their 10th-born child and the sixth son. Philip's father, a Calvinist, died on 29 November 1632, when Philip was five years old.

Through his mother, Elizabeth of Bohemia, Philip was a grand-son of James VI and I, King of Scotland, England, and Ireland, and a nephew of Charles I.

While his elder brother Rupert was heavily involved in British politics and wars, Philip and his older brother Edward were educated at the French court, at the request of their eldest brother, Charles I Louis. Philip and Edward were sent back to The Hague by request of their mother after the French temporarily took Charles Louis prisoner.

Scandal and exile

On the night of June 20, 1646, Prince Philip killed a French exile, Lieutenant Colonel Jacques de l'Epinay, Sieur de Vaux, in a duel or fight. Rumours declared that Prince Philip had been provoked by a boast of the French Don Juan that he had enjoyed the favours not only of Philip's older sister, the Princess Louise, but also of their widowed mother.

In spite of repeated summonses, Prince Philip never appeared to answer the Dutch legal authorities. He became what Elizabeth had sworn that none of her sons should become - a soldier of fortune.

Military career and death

Philip entered the military service of the Duke of Lorraine with the rank of colonel. He was killed at the Battle of Rethel on 16 December 1650, during the Fronde. His remains were returned to Sedan and were buried in the Church of St. Charles Borromeo.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Philip Frederick of the Palatinate

16. Frederick III, Elector Palatine 8. Louis VI, Elector Palatine 17. Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach 4. Frederick IV, Elector Palatine 18. Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse 9. Elisabeth of Hesse 19. Christine of Saxony 2. Frederick V, Elector Palatine 20. William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen 10. William the Silent 21. Juliana of Stolberg-Werningerode 5. Louise Juliana of Nassau 22. Louis III de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier 11. Charlotte of Bourbon-Montpensier 23. Jacqueline de Longwy 1. Philip Frederick of the Palatinate 24. Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox 12. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 25. Margaret Douglas 6. James I of England 26. James V of Scotland 13. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland 27. Mary of Guise 3. Elizabeth Stuart 28. Christian III of Denmark 14. Frederick II of Denmark 29. Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg 7. Anne of Denmark 30. Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 15. Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 31. Elizabeth of Denmark

Bibliography

• Johann Michael von Söltl: Der Religionskrieg in Deutschland, Band 2, J. A. Meissner, 1840, S. 401 ff. (in German)
• Carl Eduard Vehse: Geschichte der deutschen Höfe seit der Reformation: 4. Abth., Geschichte der Höfe der Häuser Baiern, Würtemberg, Baden und Hessen; 2. Th, Band 24, Hoffmann und Campe, 1853, S. 101 (in German)