Wikipedia

Pearl Warren

For the Supreme Court justice with a similar name, see Earl Warren; for the fictional character Pearl Warren, see Little Fires Everywhere.

Pearl Kallappa Warren (August 13, 1911 – January 16, 1986) was an American community leader, based in Seattle. A member of the Makah people, she was the first executive director of the American Indian Women's Service League (AIWSL), leading the group from 1958 to 1969.

Pearl Warren
Warren in 1961
Born
Pearl Kallappa

August 13, 1911
Neah Bay, Washington, U.S.
DiedJanuary 16, 1986(1986-01-16) (aged 74)
Washington, U.S.
Other namesPearl Hall
Occupation(s)Clubwoman, activist
Children3

Early life and education

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Kallappa was born in Neah Bay, Washington,[1] the daughter of Joseph E. Kallappa[2] and Fannie Kallappa. Kallappa was an enrolled member of the Makah people, and lived on the Makah Reservation.[3] Her mother, a Quileute speaker, died in 1916, and she was raised by her grandmother Seatisa after that.[4] She attended the Chemawa Indian School.[5]

Career

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Warren was the first executive director of the American Indian Women's Service League (AIWSL), and served as the group's leader from 1958 to 1969.[6][7] AIWSL began when several women worked together to organize meals, clothing, and shelter for Native American newcomers to Seattle, often meeting people in need on the street or at bus stations.[8][9] During her tenure, the group opened the Seattle Indian Center in 1960,[10][11] and began publishing the Indian Center News, later known as the Northwest Indian News.[12] The organization held the first North American Indian Jamboree and Benefit Ball in 1961, and an annual salmon bake fundraiser.[8] She stepped down as director of the Seattle Indian Center in 1971.[13][14]

Warren clashed with Bernie Whitebear of the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation, over funding strategies.[15] She was assistant secretary of the Seattle Model Cities Program, and chaired a national organization, Americans Indians United.[14] In 1968, she testified before a Senate committee hearing on Indian education.[5][8] In 1974, she was appointed to the Washington State Women's Council.[16] Later in the 1970s, she worked on a nutrition program for indigenous seniors in the Seattle area.[17] She represented Seattle on the National Indian Arts and Crafts Board, and served on many committees and boards for city and church work.[18]

Personal life and legacy

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Kallappa married Joseph Hall, who was Jamestown S'Klallam,[19] and Carl C. Warren.[11] She had three children:[18] Charles Hall, Raymond Hall, and Mary Jo Butterfield.[6][16] Warren died in 1986, at the age of 74, in Washington. The AIWSL disbanded in 1980, but the Seattle Indian Center continues to be a resource and support for Native Americans in the Seattle area.[20] The Pearl Warren Building in Seattle's Little Saigon neighborhood has housed a homeless shelter and navigation center since 2017,[21] but these programs are scheduled for relocation, and the building is scheduled for demolition in 2025.[22][23][24]

References

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  1. ^ "United Way To Fund Seattle Urban Native Nonprofits". United Way of King County. December 17, 2021. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
  2. ^ "Mrs. Daniels, Your Sister Seeks You". The Seattle Star. 1934-03-23. p. 10. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ Pearl E. Kallappa in the U.S., Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940, via Ancestry.
  4. ^ Charnell, Grace (1972-03-15). "Pearl Warren speaks to teachers". The Daily News of Port Angeles. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ a b United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare Special Subcommittee on Indian Education (1969). Indian Education: Hearings, Ninetieth Congress, First and Second Sessions, on the Study of the Education of Indian Children. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 211–218.
  6. ^ a b Thrush, Coll (2017-03-01). Native Seattle: Histories from the Crossing-Over Place. University of Washington Press. pp. 166–167. ISBN 978-0-295-74135-2.
  7. ^ "Mrs. Warren honored at Seattle dinner". Port Angeles Evening News. 1971-03-21. p. 15. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ a b c Smith, Karen (2006). "American Indian Women's Service League: Raising the Cause of Urban Indians, 1958-71". Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, University of Washington. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
  9. ^ Hopper, Frank. "A league of their own: How 7 women aided Seattle's Native community". Cascade PBS. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
  10. ^ Rademaker, Laura; Rowse, Tim (2020-09-09). Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia: Histories and Historiography. ANU Press. pp. 216–217. ISBN 978-1-76046-378-6.
  11. ^ a b Doig, Ivan (1967-10-28). "Seattle's Indian Center: A Coup for Pearl Warren". The Daily Herald. pp. 52, 53, 54. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ Hopper, Frank (May 11, 2023). "The Matriarchs Who Helped Seattle's Urban Native Population". YES! Magazine. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
  13. ^ "Pearl Warren quits post at Indian Center". The Bellingham Herald. 1971-01-21. p. 2. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ a b "Mrs. Pearl Warren Founder of Seattle indian Center Resigns as Director". Tundra Times. 1971-02-03. p. 5. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ Reyes, Lawney L. (2023-01-10). Bernie Whitebear: An Urban Indian's Quest for Justice. University of Arizona Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-8165-5250-4.
  16. ^ a b Atkinson, Rosie (1974-07-22). "State Women's Council Gains Indian Leader". Kitsap Sun. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ Atkinson, Rosie (1977-07-09). "Klallams Have Dual Program". Kitsap Sun. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ a b "Mrs. Warren chosen for state's honorary". Port Angeles Evening News. 1971-05-24. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-08-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Mary Butterfield Obituary". Peninsula Daily News. November 10, 2013. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
  20. ^ "Our History". Seattle Indian Services Commission. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
  21. ^ Nguyen, Stacy (2017-04-28). "Seattle Indian Center opposes Navigation Center — American Indian organization that helps homeless individuals really sick of City's broken promises". Northwest Asian Weekly. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
  22. ^ Robinson, Chetanya (2024-05-06). "As Navigation Center shelter prepares to leave Little Saigon, its legacy remains contentious". International Examiner. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
  23. ^ Moreno, Joel (2024-05-27). "Navigation Center shelter relocation welcomed by some neighbors in Seattle's CID". KOMO. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
  24. ^ "CREST Member: SISC". Puget Sound Sage. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
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