Wikipedia

Paradigm Entertainment

Paradigm Entertainment Inc. (previously part of Paradigm Simulation) was an American video game development company. Paradigm is perhaps best known for its vehicle simulation games. Founded as a 3D computer graphics company in 1990, Paradigm primarily worked on realistic flight simulation technology for major space and aviation clients. The company got its start in game development when it was contacted by Nintendo in 1994 to aid in the creation of one of the Nintendo 64's launch titles, Pilotwings 64. The game was a critical and commercial success for the developer, causing the simulation and entertainment divisions of Paradigm to separate and focus on their respective products. The newly independent Paradigm Entertainment continued to develop for Nintendo's 64-bit console. After a short partnership with Video System, Paradigm was acquired as a wholly owned subsidiary of Infogrames in 2000 and began developing games for sixth-generation video game consoles. Paradigm was sold to THQ in 2006 and was ultimately closed in 2008.

Paradigm Entertainment Inc.
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
PredecessorParadigm Simulation
FoundedMarch 1990; 34 years ago (1990-03)
Addison, Texas, U.S.
DefunctNovember 5, 2008 (2008-11-05)
FateDissolved
HeadquartersFarmers Branch, Texas, U.S.[1]
Key people
Dave Gatchel (general manager)
ProductsSee game titles
Number of employees
57 (as of November 2008)[1]
ParentAtari, Inc. (2000–2006)
THQ (2006–2008)
Websitewww.pe-i.com at the Wayback Machine (archived July 15, 2006)

History

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Paradigm Simulation was founded in 1990 as a company based in Addison, Texas. It initially focused on creating commercial products for graphics developers, including military training simulations for pilots and ship captains and a lengthy client list that included the United States Department of Defense, The Walt Disney Company, NASA, Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and McDonnell Douglas.[2][3][4] Paradigm acted as a proponent of 3D computer graphics and virtual reality in the mid-1990s with its applications including the IRIS GL-based VisionWorks and the Performer-based Vega, which were used on Silicon Graphics workstations.[5] Project sales for the company were $7 million in 1995, up from $3.5 million in 1994.[6] During that time, the company frequented the annual Consumer Electronics Show, SIGGRAPH, and Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) conferences with its 3D technological demonstrations.[7][8][9][10]

Nintendo reportedly contacted Paradigm in 1994 after it co-developed a realistic flight simulator called "Hornet" with the entertainment company Magic Edge Inc.[11][12] Through connections to Silicon Graphics, designers of the Nintendo 64, Paradigm worked for nine months starting that same year on a technology base for its own Nintendo 64 software.[13] At E3 in May 1995, engineers from Paradigm aided Nintendo in polishing a demo of the Nintendo 64 shown for developers and distributors in a whisper suite.[14] Paradigm partnered with Nintendo the following month to begin development on Pilotwings 64, one of the first games available for the new console worldwide.[13] The game was a success for the company, accounting for half of its revenues by the beginning of 1997 and had sold over one million copies worldwide by February 1998.[15][16] In May 1996, one month prior to the console's Japanese launch, Paradigm released a turnkey development bundle titled "Fusion 64".[4][17][18]

In March 1997, the entertainment wing was spun off to concentrate solely on video game production.[19][20] The simulation division completed a merger with Multigen Inc. in October 1998 and was acquired by Computer Associates International Inc. in 2000.[21][22] Multigen-Paradigm is now part of Presagis.[5] In the early years as an independent studio, Paradigm Entertainment had a short, three-game partnership with the Japanese publisher Video System.[23] The partnership ended with a lawsuit by the Texas-based developer against Video System regarding the latter's supposed breach of contract in the development and publishing of the flight simulator Harrier 2001.[24][25]

At the start of 1999, Paradigm announced another 3D rendering and development tool called "VisKit", which was intended for use in creating next-generation console games being ported to multiple systems.[26][27]

Sale to Infogrames, THQ and closure (2000-2008)

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On June 29, 2000, Paradigm Entertainment was acquired by Infogrames Entertainment SA for $19.5 million or up to 700,000 Infogrames shares. Infogrames transitioned ownership over to their U.S. subsidiary; Infogrames, Inc..[28][29]

After the purchase, Paradigm began to develop games for the sixth-generation consoles (PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox, and Dreamcast) after its final Nintendo 64 release Duck Dodgers Starring Daffy Duck. Works released during this time include an enhanced remake of the classic arcade game Spy Hunter, motocross racing games, and games based on the Terminator and Mission: Impossible multimedia franchises.

Following the stock market downturn, and in the light of poor game sales, Atari began to divest of its internal development studios in an effort to financially restructure. In spite of not having produced a profitable game in over six years, and a steady exodus of talent, Paradigm was sold in May 2006 to THQ.[30] Although Paradigm's release Stuntman: Ignition and THQ's Juiced 2: Hot Import Nights were the parent company's top sellers in their release quarter, THQ reported overall financial losses of $16.3 million during the first half of its 2007 fiscal year.[31] "While we have shipped more than 1 million units worldwide on each of these titles, this is significantly below our internal forecast", stated THQ's CEO Brian Farrell. "In both cases we did not receive our required game play mechanic and overall product quality targets. Quality matters and we missed the mark."[32] On November 3, 2008, the company officially ceased operations.[1][33] Paradigm's general manager Dave Gatchel went on to serve the same position at THQ's studio in Montreal[34] and is currently working at Ubisoft Montreal following the studio's acquisition by Ubisoft in 2013. The remaining staff relocated to other companies, such as Gearbox Software.

Games developed

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Year Title Platforms Notes
1996 Pilotwings 64 Nintendo 64
1997 Aero Fighters Assault
1998 F-1 World Grand Prix
1999 Beetle Adventure Racing HSV Aventure Racing in Australia[35]
F-1 World Grand Prix II Europe only
2000 Duck Dodgers Starring Daffy Duck
Indy Racing 2000
2001 MX Rider PlayStation 2
Spy Hunter
2002 Big Air Freestyle GameCube
The Terminator: Dawn of Fate PlayStation 2
Xbox
2003 Mission: Impossible – Operation Surma PlayStation 2
Xbox
GameCube
2004 Terminator 3: The Redemption
2006 Battlezone PlayStation Portable
2007 Stuntman: Ignition Xbox 360
PlayStation 3
PlayStation 2
— Unannounced first-person shooter[36] Xbox 360
PlayStation 3
PC		 Cancelled
Magic Karts[36] PlayStation 2
Asteroids 3D[36] Xbox
Skies[20][37] Heat.net
Harrier 2001[24] Nintendo 64
Pilotwings 64 sequel[38]
Beetle Adventure Racing II[39]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Case, Brendan M. (November 7, 2008). "U.S. jobless rate climbs to 6.5 percent, a 14-year high". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
  2. ^ "Paradigm Entertains". Nintendo Power. No. 92. Nintendo of America. January 1997. p. 103.
  3. ^ "Special Features: Pilotwings 64". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 86. Ziff Davis. September 1996. p. 63.
  4. ^ a b "Paradigm Simulation announces 3D game development system for Nintendo 64; Nintendo selects Paradigm Simulation to provide turnkey solution for Nintendo 64 game developers". AllBusiness.com. May 16, 1996. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
  5. ^ a b "Multigen-Paradigm Celebrating 25th Anniversary". Presagis. December 1, 2005. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2010.
  6. ^ van Bakel, Rogier (August 1995). "Getting Real: VR Grows Up". Wired Magazine. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  7. ^ Coy Peter; Hof, Robert D. (September 4, 1995). "3-D Computing". BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
  8. ^ "CINEMATRIX: News & Events". Cinematrix. Archived from the original on December 23, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
  9. ^ Martens, William (September–October 1995). "Spatial Sound at SIGGRAPH: Is it 3D?". CyberEdge Journal. CyberEdge Information Systems. Archived from the original on March 21, 2006.
  10. ^ Dunn, Ashley (May 22, 1996). "Next Generation Gaming Visions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  11. ^ Siemplenski, Janel (November 4, 1994). "War's technology brings realism to the arcade". Dallas Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
  12. ^ "Magic Edge & Paradigm Simulation To Develop New Game System". Real Time Graphics. Vol. 3. Computer Graphics Systems Development Corp. July 1994. p. 11.
  13. ^ a b Carless, Simon (July 26, 2006). "Q&A: Paradigm Entertainment On Stuntman, Pilot Wings". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  14. ^ Shepard, Steve (1996). "MIPS: Nintendo 64-Milestones". MIPS Technologies. Archived from the original on February 4, 2002. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
  15. ^ IGN staff (January 22, 1997). "Paradigm Considers Publishing". IGN. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  16. ^ IGN Staff (February 4, 1998). "Paradigm's Side of the Story". IGN. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  17. ^ "Is Nintendo a Street Fighter Now?". BusinessWeek. August 29, 1994. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
  18. ^ "10 reasons why Nintendo 64 will kick Sony's and Sega's ass (& reasons why it won't)". Next Generation Magazine. No. 20. Imagine Publishing. August 1996. p. 41.
  19. ^ IGN staff (April 22, 1997). "Paradigm Entertainment Goes Independent". IGN. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  20. ^ a b Jonric (August 5, 1998). "Skies Interview". IGN. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
  21. ^ "Article: PR Newswire Southwest Summary, Tuesday, October 6, to 1:00 EDT". PR Newswire. October 6, 1998. Retrieved January 27, 2010.[dead link‍]
  22. ^ Jones, K.C. (January 6, 2006). "CA Moves Ahead With Acquisition, Resale Plans". Information Week. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  23. ^ IGN staff (January 15, 1997). "Paradigm Announces Partnership with Video System". IGN. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  24. ^ a b IGN staff (December 8, 1999). "Harrier Goes to Court". IGN. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  25. ^ "Loislaw Federal District Court Opinions PARADIGM ENTERTAINMENT v. VIDEO SYSTEM CO., (N.D.Tex. 2000)". Wolters Kluwer. March 3, 2000. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
  26. ^ "New Products: Paradigm Announces VisKit". Dr. Dobb's Journal. CMP Technology. January 1, 1999. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
  27. ^ IGN staff (June 29, 2000). "Infogrames Purchases Paradigm". IGN. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
  28. ^ "INFOGRAMES ENTERTAINMENT ACQUIRES PARADIGM ENTERTAINMENT" (PDF). Atari. June 29, 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2011. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  29. ^ Jordan, Jon (April 11, 2007). "The Euro Vision: 'Bye-Bye Bruno'". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved February 12, 2010.
  30. ^ Carless, Simon (May 10, 2006). "E3: Atari, Infogrames Sell Stuntman, Timeshift, Games.com, Paradigm". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on November 10, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  31. ^ "THQ in the red in 2Q". Los Angeles Business Journal. November 2, 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  32. ^ "THQ Poor Financials And Unreal Engine "Challenges"". Spong. October 23, 2007. Retrieved February 12, 2010.
  33. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (November 4, 2008). "THQ shutters five studios, trims two". GameSpot. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  34. ^ MacMedan, Julie (December 3, 2009). "THQ Announces New Development Studio in Montreal". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 29, 2010. [dead link‍]
  35. ^ IGN staff (November 17, 1999). "There are No Beetles in Australia". IGN. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  36. ^ a b c "superannuation". superannuation. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  37. ^ "25 Breakthrough Games: A Guide to the Next Level in Videogames". Next Generation. No. 35. Imagine Media. November 1997. p. 52.
  38. ^ IGN staff (June 18, 1997). "E3: PilotWings 2 Confirmed". IGN. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
  39. ^ Casady, Raymond. "Resume". EpicWalnut.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
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