Wikipedia

Out Run

For other uses, see Outrun.

Out Run[a] (also stylized as OutRun) is an arcade driving video game released by Sega in September 1986. It is known for its pioneering hardware and graphics, nonlinear gameplay, a selectable soundtrack with music composed by Hiroshi Kawaguchi, and the hydraulic motion simulator deluxe arcade cabinet. The goal is to avoid traffic and reach one of five destinations before time runs out.

Out Run
Arcade flyer
Developer(s)Sega
Publisher(s)
  • WW: Sega (arcade)
Designer(s)Yu Suzuki
Composer(s)Hiroshi Kawaguchi
Platform(s)
Arcade
Release
September 1986
  • Arcade
    C64, CPC, ZX
Genre(s)Driving
Mode(s)Single-player
Arcade systemSega OutRun

The game was designed by Yu Suzuki, who traveled to Europe to gain inspiration for the game's stages. Suzuki had a small team and only ten months to program the game, leaving him to do most of the work himself. The game was a critical and commercial success, becoming the highest-grossing arcade game of 1987 worldwide as well as Sega's most successful arcade cabinet of the 1980s. It was ported to numerous video game consoles and home computers, becoming one of the best-selling video games at the time and selling millions of copies worldwide, and it spawned a number of sequels. Out Run is considered one of the most influential and greatest games ever made, cited as an influence upon numerous later video games, playing a role in the arcade video game industry's recovery, and providing the name for a popular music genre. It spawned a series and a sequel was released, Turbo OutRun in 1989.

Gameplay

edit
 
Driving on the first stage

Out Run is a pseudo-3D driving video game in which the player controls a Ferrari Testarossa convertible from a third-person rear perspective.[5] The camera is placed near the ground, simulating a Ferrari driver's position and limiting the player's view into the distance. The road curves, crests, and dips,[3] which increases the challenge by obscuring upcoming obstacles such as traffic that the player must avoid.[6] The object of the game is to reach the finish line against a timer.[7] The game world is divided into multiple stages that each end in a checkpoint, and reaching the end of a stage provides more time.[8] Near the end of each stage, the track forks to give the player a choice of routes leading to five final destinations.[9] The destinations represent different difficulty levels and each conclude with their own ending scene, among them the Ferrari breaking down or being presented a trophy.[10]

Development

edit

During the mid-1980s, Sega experienced success in the arcades with games developed by Yu Suzuki. Hang-On was a good seller and Enduro Racer had been successful enough for Sega to consider a second production run. Both are motorcycle racing games, and Out Run was Suzuki's chance to develop a car racing game. His original concept was to base the game on the American film The Cannonball Run,[10] of which he was a fan.[11][12] He disliked racing games where cars exploded on impact, and wanted gamers to enjoy the experience of driving and to feel "superior".[11]

Suzuki initially conceived the game's setting across the United States, and he requested to scout various locations there. According to Suzuki's boss, Youji Ishii, Sega president Hayao Nakayama believed the US was too unsafe, and suggested Europe as a safer option. Additionally, Suzuki concluded that the US was too "large and empty" for the game's design. He scouted Europe[11] for two weeks in a BMW 520 for ideas.[12] This tour included Frankfurt, Monaco, Rome,[11][12] the Swiss Alps, the French Riviera, Florence,[10] and Milan.[13] While in Monaco, Suzuki was inspired to use the Ferrari Testarossa as the playable car in the game, so when he returned to Japan he arranged for his team to find and photograph one.[11][12] They took many photos of the car from every side and recorded the sound of the engine.[13]

A small team of four programmers, a sound creator, and five graphic designers developed Out Run. Suzuki had to use only personnel that were available and not assigned to other projects at the time. As a result, Suzuki did most of the programming and planning himself, spending extra hours at the studio to complete development of the game within ten months.[11] He believed that the most difficult part of developing the game was to make it as fun as possible, which he achieved by emphasizing the design elements of wide roads, buildings, and a radio with soundtrack selection.[10]

 
The sit-down deluxe motion simulator cabinet version of Out Run

Four cabinet designs were released, all of which are equipped with a steering wheel, a stick shift, and acceleration and brake pedals. Two of the cabinet designs are upright, the larger of which has force feedback in the steering wheel. The other two models are sit-down motion simulator cabinets that resemble the in-game car and use a drive motor to move the main cabinet—turning and shaking according to the onscreen action. Both models feature stereo speakers mounted behind the driver's head.[9][14] The arcade system board made specifically for the game is the Sega OutRun, based on the Sega System 16.[15] Suzuki said that he was often unable to make games based on existing hardware and that Sega would have to create a new board. He said that his "designs were always 3D from the beginning. All the calculations in the system were 3D, even from Hang-On. I calculated the position, scale, and zoom rate in 3D and converted it backwards to 2D. So I was always thinking in 3D".[16] The game achieves its 3D effects using a sprite-scaling technique called Super Scaler technology, as used one year earlier in Hang-On.[15] Released in September 1986,[11] Out Run's fast sprite-scaling and 3D motion provide a smoother experience than other contemporary arcade games.[15]

Suzuki also set about simulating car features that were previously lacking in earlier driving games, so that being a skillful driver in real life would translate to being skillful in the game. They simulated features such as horsepower, torque, gear ratios and tire engineering close to real cars. They also added AI assistance for features that were difficult to control, such as drifting. For the drifting, they added details such as, if the car's tires grip the road surface too closely, the car's handling becomes too twitchy, something that wasn't appreciated in earlier driving games.[13]

Soundtrack

edit

Out Run's original score was composed by Hiroshi Kawaguchi, who had previously composed soundtracks for other games designed by Suzuki, including Hang-On. The soundtrack is similar in style to Latin and Caribbean music. Three selectable tracks are featured: "Passing Breeze", "Splash Wave", and "Magical Sound Shower". An additional track, "Last Wave", plays at the final score screen.[13][15] Some of the game's audio samples were corrupted due to one of the master ROM chips failing, and the glitch was not noticed until Sega was preparing a soundtrack box-set for the game's 20th anniversary. The correct files were recovered from an 8-inch floppy disk, and subsequent re-releases of the game use the fixed data.[17] Cassette tapes of the arcade soundtrack were distributed in the United Kingdom during December 1987, both with the home computer conversions and with Computer and Video Games magazine.[18] The Mega Drive port has the music tracks from the arcade, along with one exclusive new track titled "Step On Beat" composed by Masayoshi Ishi.[19]

Ports and re-releases

edit

Out Run was released for the Master System in 1987, and the Genesis in 1991. Out Run was ported to the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum home computers for the European market.[4] A conversion of Out Run was under development by Hertz for the Sharp X68000 but according to former Hertz employee Tsunetomo Sugawara, it was never released due to company management cancelling its development.[20][21] A 32X version was also reportedly under development by Sega, but was never released.[22]

Ports of the arcade game were released for Game Boy Advance via Sega Arcade Gallery, for Nintendo 3DS via the 3D Classics series on 12 March 2015, and for Nintendo Switch as part of the Sega Ages line on 9 January 2019.[23][24][25]

Reception

edit

Commercial performance

edit

In Japan, Out Run topped the Game Machine charts for upright/cockpit arcade cabinets in November 1986,[55][56] and remained at the top of the charts in the following month.[57][58] It was Japan's highest-grossing upright/cockpit arcade game during the latter half of 1986,[59][60] and the overall seventh highest-grossing upright/cockpit arcade game of 1986.[60] Out Run went on to become Japan's highest-grossing arcade game of 1987.[61][60] In North America, it topped the RePlay dedicated arcade game chart in February 1987,[62] and went on to become the highest-grossing arcade game of 1987 in the United States.[63][64] In the United Kingdom, the game topped London's Electrocoin arcade charts for several months in 1987, from February[65][66] through June,[67][68] and was the top arcade game of the year.[69] In Japan, it continued to rank among the annual highest-grossing dedicated arcade games for the next several years, ranking number three in 1988,[70] number five in 1989,[71] and number seven in 1990.[72] In Europe, Out Run was the most popular arcade game during the late 1980s.[73]

Sega had sold 18,000 Out Run arcade machines worldwide by early 1987, including 3,500 units in Japan, 8,000 units in the United States, and 6,500 units in Europe and Southeast Asia.[74] By late 1987, Out Run had sold 20,000 units worldwide,[75] earning Sega over $100 million ($280 million adjusted for inflation) in arcade machine sales,[76] and becoming Sega's best-selling arcade cabinet of the 1980s.[10] By 1994, 30,000 cabinets had been sold worldwide.[77] Sega eventually surpassed OutRun's arcade sales with Virtua Fighter (1993) and Virtua Fighter 2 (1994).[78]

The 8-bit computer game ports published by U.S. Gold sold over 200,000 copies within two weeks of release in the United Kingdom,[79] and more than 250,000 by Christmas 1987,[80][81] topping the UK's Christmas 1987 chart.[82] Out Run became the fastest-selling and best-selling computer game in the UK that year.[32][34][81] By early March 1988, it had sold over 350,000 copies, becoming the UK's all-time fastest-selling game up until then.[83] In May 1988, the Atari ST version of Out Run became the first ST title to top the UK all-formats chart.[84] The Atari ST version had sold over 25,000 copies in the UK by mid-1988.[85]

Out Run remained on the UK charts for several years. The budget price re-release from Kixx topped the all-formats chart in November 1990,[86] and the Commodore 64 version was at number two on the all-formats chart in March 1991.[87] It also topped the PC Engine charts during January–February 1991.[88][89] In 2020, Out Run became the second best-selling Sega Ages title in overseas markets outside of Japan (after Sonic the Hedgehog), especially in Europe.[90] As of 2021, the game's various home conversions have sold millions of copies worldwide.[73]

Critical response and accolades

edit

Out Run's arcade release received positive reviews and became one of the most popular arcade games of the year.[9][32][91] The game won the 1987 Golden Joystick Award for Game of the Year, as well as for Arcade Game of the Year.[53] It also won "Best Visual Enhancement in a Video Game" at the 1986 Amusement Players Association's Players Choice Awards.[54] Clare Edgeley reviewed the arcade game in both Computer and Video Games and in Sinclair User, praising the graphics and the element of danger in the gameplay as well as the hydraulic motion simulator cabinet.[3][6] Top Score newsletter called it "the most enjoyable" and "realistic driving video game ever created" while praising its innovative simulator cabinet, detailed visuals and stereo soundtrack.[52] A review in Commodore User described it as "a great game for driving enthusiasts" and awarded it a score of 9 out of 10.[92] Gary Penn, writing for Crash called the game "highly polished" and praised the attention to detail.[9] In Your Sinclair, Peter Shaw praised its realism and described it as "the most frighteningly fast road race game" he had played.[45]

Out Run was ported to numerous home consoles and computers. Computer and Video Games praised the Master System release, with the writers concluding that it had "all the thrill power of the arcade version".[30] The Games Machine gave the Master System version a score of 72%, stating that the Master System version came closest to the original coin-op.[41] Reviewers for Dragon described it as a "refreshing" game "that provides hours of entertainment".[35] Computer Gaming World named it as the year's best arcade translation for Sega.[93] Reactions to the 16-bit versions were generally positive. The Atari ST version (1988) was described by Computer and Video Games as "far from perfect", but that it came closer to the arcade original than the other ports.[32] The 1991 Sega Genesis version also received positive reviews, scoring 90% from French gaming magazines Joypad and Joystick, as well as an 85% from Swedish magazine Svenska Hemdatornytt.[38][39][51]

The reception for the 8-bit personal computer ports by U.S. Gold was mixed. The ZX Spectrum version received positive scores from Your Sinclair and Sinclair User.[40][94] Some reviewers at Crash expressed disappointment at the low quality in contrast to the arcade original.[34] The Games Machine gave the Spectrum version a score of 61%, noting the machine's technical limitations in comparison to the Master System and Commodore systems.[41] The Commodore versions received positive to average reviews, though Computer and Video Games described the Commodore 64 port as "rushed". The Amstrad CPC port received a score of 8 out of 40 from Computer and Video Games, which described it as a "travesty",[31] and a 37% score from Amstrad Action where the reviewer considered it one of the worst arcade conversions ever.[29]

Legacy and series

edit
Release timeline
1986Out Run
1987
1988OutRun 3-D
1989Turbo OutRun
Battle Out Run
1990
1991Out Run Europa
1992
1993OutRun 2019
OutRunners
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003OutRun 2
2004
2005
2006OutRun 2006: Coast 2 Coast
2007
2008
2009OutRun Online Arcade

Out Run was followed by various sequels, including three arcade sequels Turbo OutRun (1989), OutRunners (1993) and OutRun 2 (2003), and several non-arcade sequels including Out Run 3-D (1988), Out Run Europa (1991), OutRun 2019 (1993) and later OutRun 2006: Coast 2 Coast (2006).[10] Sega also developed Rad Mobile (1991) which is similar to Out Run.[95]

Influence and retrospective views

edit

Former Sega arcade director Akira Nagai has credited Out Run and similar games for Sega's arcade success in the 1980s. According to Nagai: "Out Run, in particular, was really amazing for its time... Suzuki went on to make After Burner and a number of other games, but Out Run is still talked about with a special kind of wonder. With the taikan games, Sega's arcade business, which had been Sega's lowest performer in sales, gradually started to rise... For me personally, Hang-On and Out Run are my most memorable titles. They helped lift the arcade industry out of its slump, and created entirely new genres".[78] The game's title has been adopted as a name for the synthwave music genre, which is also known as "outrun" music, inspired by the game's soundtrack which is selectable in-game as well as the game's 1980s aesthetic.[96][73] French musician Kavinsky named his debut album OutRun (2013) after the game.[97]

The game has been listed among the best games of all time by Next Generation,[98] Retro Gamer,[99] Stuff,[100] Time,[101] G4,[102] Killer List of Videogames,[103] Yahoo!,[104] and NowGamer.[105] In 2017, GamesRadar+ ranked the game 31st on their "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time".[106] Writing in 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die, Joao Diniz Sanches praised Out Run's "unforgettable design and expertly tuned game balance", describing the game as "the consummate exhibit in an oversubscribed genre" and "one of the purest and most joyous experiences in video gaming".[107] In 2015, Out Run appeared at 4th place on IGN's list of The Top 10 Most Influential Racing Games Ever, behind Pole Position, Gran Turismo and Virtua Racing. According to Luke Reilly, traces of Out Run DNA can be found in series like Test Drive, Need for Speed, Project Gotham Racing and Burnout as well as modern racers like the Forza Horizon games and DriveClub.[108] According to Jacopo Prisco of Wired UK, the influence of Out Run "is still being felt on consoles, in music, and in movies". Along with its influence on a wide range of racing games from Need for Speed and Gran Turismo to Project Gotham Racing and Forza Horizon, the game's selectable radio music has become commonplace in video games such as the Grand Theft Auto series as well as the choice to drive through alternate paths in racing games.[73]

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Japanese: アウトラン, Hepburn: Auto Ran

References

edit
  1. ^ Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006). アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971–2005) [Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971–2005)] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. p. 131. ISBN 978-4990251215.
  2. ^ "Sega Arcade History: 1986". Mega Drive Fan (in Japanese). No. 25 (February 1992). 8 January 1992. pp. 82–84 (83).
  3. ^ a b c d Edgeley, Clare (16 December 1986). "Arcade Action". Computer and Video Games. No. 63 (January 1987). United Kingdom: EMAP. pp. 138–9. ISSN 0261-3697.
  4. ^ a b "Out Run". Computer and Video Games. No. 75 (January 1988). United Kingdom: EMAP. 15 December 1987. pp. 136–7.
  5. ^ Out Run (instruction manual booklet). UK: Sega. 1987. Your Car: Ferrari Testarossa Convertible. 2 door, 5 speed
  6. ^ a b c Edgeley, Clare (February 1987). "The Arcade Coin". Sinclair User. EMAP. pp. 94–96. ISSN 0262-5458. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019.
  7. ^ a b Horowitz, Ken (20 July 2004). "OutRun". Sega-16. Ken Horowitz. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  8. ^ Hill, Giles (18 December 2013). "Sega's Out Run: Even better than the wheel thing". The Register. Situation Publishing. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d e Penn, Gary; Kidd, Graeme; Stone, Ben (April 1987), "A Day at the Seaside", Crash, no. 39, Newsfield, p. 31, ISSN 0954-8661 – via Internet Archive
  10. ^ a b c d e f Thorpe, Nick (June 2016). "The History of OutRun". Retro Gamer. No. 156. Future Publishing. pp. 20–29. ISSN 1742-3155.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Horowitz, Ken (2018). The Sega Arcade Revolution: A History in 62 Games. McFarland & Company. pp. 112–114. ISBN 9781476631967.
  12. ^ a b c d Robinson, Martin (22 March 2015). "Out Ran: Meeting Yu Suzuki, Sega's original outsider". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  13. ^ a b c d Davies, Jonti (September 2008). "The Making Of: OutRun". Retro Gamer. No. 54. Imagine Publishing. pp. 26–33. ISSN 1742-3155.
  14. ^ "Sega's Wonderful Simulation Games Over The Years". Arcade Heroes. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d Grazza, Brian (5 October 2017). "OutRun". Hardcore Gaming 101. Kurt Kalata. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017.
  16. ^ Mielke, James (2012). "The Disappearance of Yu Suzuki, Part 1". 1Up.com. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  17. ^ "SEGA 3D Classics – 3D Out Run – Part 3". SEGA Blog. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  18. ^ "Blast your ears! Free OutRun/720° Soundtrack". Computer and Video Games. No. 75 (January 1988). 15 December 1987. p. 1.
  19. ^ "Step On Beat". Video Game Music Preservation Foundation Wiki. Video Game Music Preservation Foundation. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  20. ^ CRV (13 February 2009). "Interview:Tsunetomo Sugawara". Game Developer Research Institute. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  21. ^ W. Wöbcke, Graham (23 March 2017). "Outrun — The 1986 Arcade Game". Medium. A Medium Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  22. ^ Kuboki, Kei (March 1995). "Special K's Japan Now – Special K's last-minute info". GameFan. Vol. 3, no. 3. DieHard Gamers Club. p. 114. ISSN 1092-7212.
  23. ^ Harris, Craig (23 May 2003). "Sega Arcade Gallery". IGN. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  24. ^ Town, Jonathan (11 March 2015). "Review: 3D Out Run (3DS eShop)". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  25. ^ Scullion, Chris (11 January 2019). "Review: SEGA AGES Out Run – A Fantastic Update Of One Of Arcade Gaming's True Greats". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  26. ^ "Out Run". ACE (2). Future plc: 58–9. November 1987. ISSN 0954-8076.
  27. ^ a b "Out Run". ACE (17). Future plc: 68. February 1989. ISSN 0954-8076.
  28. ^ "Out Run". ACE (10). Future plc: 64. July 1988. ISSN 0954-8076.
  29. ^ a b "Action Test: Out Run". Amstrad Action. No. 30. Future Publishing. March 1988. pp. 46–47. ISSN 0954-8068.
  30. ^ a b "Reviews: Out Run". Computer and Video Games (72). EMAP: 98–9. October 1987. ISSN 0261-3697.
  31. ^ a b c "Out Run". Computer and Video Games (76). EMAP: 25. February 1988. ISSN 0261-3697.
  32. ^ a b c d "OutRun". Computer and Video Games (80). EMAP: 30–1. June 1988. ISSN 0261-3697.
  33. ^ "Bytesize: PC Engine". Computer and Video Games (112): 77. March 1991. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  34. ^ a b c "Out Run". Crash (49). Newsfield: 22–3. February 1988. ISSN 0954-8661.
  35. ^ a b Lesser, Hartley; Lesser, Patricia; Lesser, Kirk (September 1988). "The Role of Computers". Dragon (137). TSR, Inc.: 88–93. ISSN 1062-2101.
  36. ^ Franchi, Robert; Sportouch, Michael (January–February 1988). "Out Run". Génération 4 (in French) (2): 43.
  37. ^ "Test: Outrun". Génération 4 (in French). No. 5. September 1988. p. 32.
  38. ^ a b "OutRun". Joypad (in French). No. 1. Yellow Media. November 1991. pp. 40–41. ISSN 1163-586X.
  39. ^ a b c "OutRun". Joystick (in French). No. 20. Anuman Interactive. p. 134 & 166. ISSN 1145-4806.
  40. ^ a b "OutRun". Sinclair User (105). EMAP: 60–1. November 1990. ISSN 0262-5458.
  41. ^ a b c d e "Testabuster: Out Run". The Games Machine (3). Newsfield: 60–1. February 1988. ISSN 0954-8092.
  42. ^ "Out Run". The Games Machine (7). Newsfield: 66. June 1988. ISSN 0954-8092.
  43. ^ "Out Run". The Games Machine (14). Newsfield: 40. January 1989. ISSN 0954-8092.
  44. ^ "Out Run". Tilt (in French) (49): 98. December 1987. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  45. ^ a b Shaw, Peter (August 1987). "Slots of Fun". Your Sinclair. Dennis Publishing. p. 50. ISSN 0269-6983.
  46. ^ "OutRun". Your Sinclair. Dennis Publishing. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  47. ^ "Out Run". Australian Commodore and Amiga Review. 5 (2): 25–6. February 1988.
  48. ^ "Out Run". Commodore User. No. 42. March 1987. ISSN 0265-721X.
  49. ^ "Out Run review". Commodore User. No. 63. EMAP. December 1988. ISSN 0265-721X.
  50. ^ "Out Run". MegaTech. No. 6. EMAP. June 1992. p. 77. ISSN 0964-5764.
  51. ^ a b "Out Run". Svenska Hemdatornytt (in Swedish) (10): 33 & 72. December 1991.
  52. ^ a b "Hot New Games Debut for the Winter Season: AMOA Expo '86 Previews Sizzling Lineup of Video and Pin Games". Top Score. Amusement Players Association. Winter 1987.
  53. ^ a b "Golden Joystick Awards 1988". Computer and Video Games. No. 79. Future plc. May 1988. p. 39. ISSN 0261-3697.
  54. ^ a b "Amusement Players Association's Players Choice Awards". Top Score. Amusement Players Association. Winter 1987.
  55. ^ "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25 – アップライト, コックピット型TVゲーム機 (Upright/Cockpit Videos)" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 295. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 November 1986. p. 29.
  56. ^ "Best Hit Games 25" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 295. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 November 1986. p. 25.
  57. ^ "Best Hit Games 25" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 296. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 December 1986. p. 23.
  58. ^ "Best Hit Games 25" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 297. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 December 1986. p. 25.
  59. ^ "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25: '86 上半期" [Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25: First Half '86] (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 288. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 July 1986. p. 28.
  60. ^ a b c "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25: '87" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 324. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 January 1988. p. 20.
  61. ^ "87' ゲーメスト大賞 〜 ベストインカム" [87' Gamest Awards – Best Income]. Gamest (in Japanese). Vol. 17 (February 1988). 28 December 1987. pp. 25–38 (36–7). alternate url
  62. ^ "Coin-Op Top Ten". Top Score. Amusement Players Association. Winter 1987.
  63. ^ "1987". Play Meter. Vol. 20, no. 13. December 1994. p. 78.
  64. ^ Compasio, Camille (14 November 1987). "Around The Route". Cash Box. Cash Box Pub. Co. p. 32.
  65. ^ "Top Ten Coin-Ops of the Month". Computer and Video Games. No. 66 (April 1987). March 1987. p. 92.
  66. ^ "Arcade Action". Computer and Video Games. No. 67 (May 1987). April 1987. p. 93.
  67. ^ "Top Ten Coin-Ops of the Month". Computer and Video Games. No. 68 (June 1987). 15 May 1987. p. 123.
  68. ^ "Top Ten Coin-Ops of the Month". Computer and Video Games. No. 69 (July 1987). 15 June 1987. p. 89.
  69. ^ "Burn Rubber". Computer and Video Games. No. 75 (January 1988). 15 December 1987. pp. 50–1.
  70. ^ "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25: '88 / "Game of the Year '88" By Game Machine" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 348. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 January 1989. pp. 10–1, 26.
  71. ^ "Videos of The Year; "Tetris", "Chase H.Q."" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 372. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 January 1990. p. 26.
  72. ^ ""Tetris" Has Still Earned More Than "Final Fight"" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 396. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 February 1991. p. 22.
  73. ^ a b c d Prisco, Jacopo (18 September 2021). "How Out Run changed video games forever". Wired UK. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  74. ^ "Business Japan". Business Japan. 32 (7–12). Nihon Kogyo Shimbun: 119. July 1987. Sega has achieved spectacular sales results of 18,000 Outrun machines in the preceding term, broken down into 3,500 units in the domestic market, 8,000 units in the U.S. and 6,500 units in Europe and Southeast Asia.
  75. ^ Out Run: ZX Spectrum Instructions. U.S. Gold. December 1987.
  76. ^ Horowitz, Ken (22 June 2018). "OutRun (September 1986)". The Sega Arcade Revolution: A History in 62 Games. McFarland & Company. pp. 112–114 (114). ISBN 978-1-4766-7225-0. Both versions went on to produce terrific numbers for Sega, bringing in total worldwide sales of over $100 million and adding another memorable franchise to Sega's stable of hits.
  77. ^ "OutRun". Mean Machines Sega. No. 22. EMAP. August 1994. pp. 92–3. ISSN 0967-9014.
  78. ^ a b Famitsu DC (15 February 2002). Interview: Akira Nagai — SEGA REPRESENTATIVE. Famitsu Books (in Japanese). Enterbrain. pp. 20–23. ISBN 9784757707900. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) (Translation by Shmuplations. Archived 7 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine).
  79. ^ "Out Run". Crash. No. 49. Newsfield. February 1988. pp. 22–23 (22). ISSN 0954-8661.
  80. ^ "License To Thrill?". ACE (10). Future plc: 31. July 1988. ISSN 0954-8076.
  81. ^ a b "T'ZERS". Your Sinclair (27). Dennis Publishing: 7. March 1988. ISSN 0269-6983.
  82. ^ Cundy, Matt (25 December 2007). "Every Christmas Top 10 from the last 20 years". GamesRadar. p. 11. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  83. ^ "Game of the Year". Your Sinclair. No. 28 (April 1988). 10 March 1988. pp. 64–5.
  84. ^ "Briefing". The Guardian. 2 June 1988. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  85. ^ "Amiga". Crash. No. 55 (August 1988). 28 July 1988. p. 71.
  86. ^ "The C+VG Charts". Computer and Video Games. No. 110 (January 1991). 15 December 1990. pp. 75–8.
  87. ^ "CVG Charts". Computer and Video Games. No. 114 (May 1991). 14 April 1991. pp. 63–6.
  88. ^ "CVG Charts". Computer and Video Games. No. 112 (March 1991). 16 February 1991. pp. 59–62.
  89. ^ "CVG Charts". Computer and Video Games. No. 113 (April 1991). 16 March 1991. pp. 59–62.
  90. ^ Doolan, Liam (21 November 2020). "Sega Ages Team Reveals The Most Popular Games In The Series: What were the highlights?". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  91. ^ "OutRun Goes Gold". Sinclair User (64). EMAP: 20. July 1987. ISSN 0262-5458.
  92. ^ "Commodore User Magazine Issue 42". March 1987. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  93. ^ Kunkel, Bill; Worley, Joyce; Katz, Arnie (November 1988). "Video Gaming World". Computer Gaming World. Russell Sipe. p. 54. ISSN 0744-6667.
  94. ^ "OutRun". Sinclair User (70). EMAP: 13. March 1988. ISSN 0262-5458.
  95. ^ Dodd, Martin (31 October 2008). "Rad Mobile". Retro Gamer. Imagine Publishing. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  96. ^ Lambert, Molly (4 August 2016). "Stranger Things and how Tangerine Dream soundtracked the 80s". MTV.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  97. ^ Battaglia, Andy (20 February 2013). "Kavinsky Opens Up About His Survivor Tattoo, Skrillex Movie Dates". Spin. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  98. ^ "Top 100 Games of All Time". Next Generation. No. 21. Imagine Publishing. September 1996. p. 55. ISSN 1078-9693. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017.
  99. ^ "Top 10 Retro Games". Retro Gamer. No. 1. Live Publishing. January 2004. p. 30. ISSN 1742-3155.
  100. ^ "100 Greatest Games", Stuff, Dennis Publishing, pp. 116–126, October 2008
  101. ^ TIME staff (15 November 2012). "All-TIME 100 Video Games". Time. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  102. ^ "Top 100 Games". G4. G4 Media. 2012. Archived from the original on 23 November 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  103. ^ McLemore, Greg. "Our List of the Top 100 Coin-Operated Video Games". Killer List of Videogames. Archived from the original on 18 March 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  104. ^ "100 Greatest Computer Games of All Time". Yahoo!. 2006. Archived from the original on 1 August 2005. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  105. ^ "100 Greatest Retro Games". NowGamer. Imagine Publishing. 2010. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  106. ^ GamesRadar Staff (21 June 2017). "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time". gamesradar. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  107. ^ Mott, Tony (2013). 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die. New York City: Universe Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-7893-2090-2.
  108. ^ "The Top 10 Most Influential Racing Games Ever". IGN. 3 April 2015. p. 2. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Out_Run&oldid=1253456434"