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Ohsweken (/oʊʃˈwiːkɛn/) is a dispersed rural community located within the Six Nations of the Grand River, in the County of Brant, Ontario, Canada.[7][8] Approximately 300 of the 2,700 homes on the reserve are in Ohsweken, and it is the site of the reserve governmental and administrative offices.[citation needed]
Ohsweken
| |
|---|---|
  Ohsweken  Ohsweken | |
| Coordinates: 43°04′09″N 80°07′03″W / 43.06917°N 80.11750°W | |
| Country |  Canada |
| Province |  Ontario |
| Government | |
| • Governing Body | Six Nations Band Council |
| • MP | Larry Brock (Conservative) |
| • MPP | Will Bouma (Conservative) |
| Area | |
• Total | 75 km2 (29 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 200 m (656 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
• Total | Approx. 1,500 |
| Roughly 10% of Six Nations' total population | |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code | N0A |
| Area code | Area code 519 |
| GNBC Code | FCGSY[7] |
| Website | http://www.sixnations.ca |
History
editFrom approximately 1840 to 1865, the Six Nations Confederacy council met in a log building near Middleport, Ontario. In 1856, against protests from the Onondaga chiefs, a strong-willed superintendent from the Indian Department, Jasper Tough Gilkison, established a council building in what is present-day Ohsweken, about 6 km (3.7 mi) south-west of Middleport. Gilkison later retired in 1891 under pressure from Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald for incompetence.[9] Though the Onondaga chiefs argued that they should establish their own centre of government, the village of Ohsweken quickly developed in the surrounding area.[10]
Arts and culture
editSix Nations Fall Fair
editSix Nations Annual Fall Fair takes place often the first week of September and is one of the oldest Agricultural Fairs in Ontario.[citation needed] Celebrations include the Miss Six Nations pageant, a powwow, horse races, and a derby.
Bread and Cheese (Independence Day)
editIn appreciation of the Six Nations' support for Great Britain during the American Revolution and the War of 1812, Queen Victoria began an annual tradition of giving blankets to their community.[11] The custom ended with Victoria's death in 1901.
In 1924, however, the council of the Six Nations decided to revive the practice, this time with gifts of bread and cheese, as a commemoration of the close ties between Six Nations and the British Crown.[12] Every year, thousands of people stand in line to enter the Gaylord Powless Arena where they receive large squares of bread and cheese. The celebrations also include carnival rides and games, a parade from Chiefswood Park to the arena, and a street dance held by CKRZ-FM.
National Indigenous Peoples’ Day
editThe events take place at Chiefswood Park, celebrating National Indigenous Peoples’ Day and the summer solstice on June 21. June 21 is also the day of the Tom Longboat run. There are also festivities at Gage Park in Hamilton.
Grand River Champion of Champions Pow Wow
editThis annual Pow-wow, held since 1979, hosts over 400 dancers and drummers from across North America. It is held on the last weekend of July at Chiefswood Park. It features a variety of traditional Native dancing by different tribes, food, and crafts.[13]
Attractions
editVeterans' Park
editThis park is at the corner of Fourth Line Road and Chiefswood Road. It features The Six Nations-Mississauga War Memorial, which commemorates the 200 First Nations soldiers who were killed during World War II. The soldiers fought in Dieppe, France, and Hong Kong, and were part of the Normandy Invasion in 1944.[14]
Gaylord Powless Arena
edit
The Gaylord Powless Arena seats 648 with room for 200 standing. Originally constructed in 1972, it was renovated in 2005 and is regularly used for lacrosse, hockey and figure skating. On Bread and Cheese Day, the arena serves for distribution of large chunks of bread and cheese.[15]
Speedway
editOhsweken Speedway is a 3/8 mile dirt oval auto raceway located in Ohsweken.
Education
editSix Nations Polytechnic is a Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation community-controlled school.
Media
editThe town is serviced by two community newspapers, Turtle Island News and Two Row Times. Both newspapers feature mostly local news but also include stories related to broader First Nations and Canadian issues. CKRZ-FM, a community radio station, broadcasts a variety of programming including local news, music, language lessons and radio bingo. CJKS-FM, another local radio station, is known for their varieties of genres broadcast and dedicated Native American programming.
Notable people
editReferences
edit- ^ Dyck, Carrie, Froman, Frances, Keye, Alfred & Keye, Lottie. 2024. A grammar and dictionary of Gayogo̱hó:nǫˀ (Cayuga). (Studies of Amerindian Linguistics). Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10473483. Pg 1061 [1]
- ^ "History and Culture" Kahnawà:ke Kanien’kehá:ka Kanakeráhsera Ne Ià:ia’k Nihononhontsá:ke Accessed December 10th 2011. http://www.kahnawakelonghouse.com/index.php?mid=2 Archived 2012-01-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rudes, Blair A. (2015). "Ohsweken". Oneida–English/English–Oneida Dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 1325. ISBN 9781442628809.
- ^ Woodbury, Hanni (2003). "Ohcwé·gęh". Onondaga-English / English-Onondaga Dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 752. ISBN 9781442623637.
- ^ Chafe, Chafe (2014). "Canada, Grand River Reserve." (PDF). English-Seneca Dictionary. Onöndowa'ga:' Gawë:nö' (Seneca Language) Department. p. 26.
- ^ Rudes, Blair A. (2015). "Grand river indians". Tuscarora-English/English-Tuscarora dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 418. ISBN 9781442628809.
- ^ a b "Ohsweken". Natural Resources Canada. October 6, 2016. Archived from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2021.
- ^ "Six Nations (Part) 40". Statistics Canada. November 2, 2016. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2021.
- ^ Getty, Ian A. L.; Lussier, Antoine S. (1983). As Long as the Sun Shines and Water Flows: A Reader in Canadian Native Sudies. UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0181-2. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 4 Aug 2010.
- ^ Handbook of North American Indians Volume 15. Smithsonian Institution. 1978. pp. 528–529. Retrieved 3 Aug 2010.
- ^ "Tradition draws thousands". Brantford Expositor. Archived from the original on May 20, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
- ^ Maracle, Brian. Back on the Rez: Finding the Way Home. Penguin, 1997, p. 212.
- ^ "Powwow to feature hundreds of dancers". Brantford Expositor. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ "The Sacrifices and Achievements". Native Soldiers - Foreign Battlefields. Veterans Affairs Canada. 30 Jun 2005. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ "Parks and Recreation - Gaylord Powless Arena". Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2010.