Wikipedia

Non-combatant evacuation operation

A Non-combatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) is an operation conducted to evacuate civilians from another country, generally due to a deteriorating security situation.

South Vietnamese refugees arrive on a U.S. Navy vessel during Operation Frequent Wind in 1975.
Operation Allies Refuge: Afghans being evacuated on a US Air Force Boeing C-17 plane during the Fall of Kabul in August 2021.

Australia

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China

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Germany

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Greece

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India

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Ireland (Republic of)

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Israel

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Pakistan

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Ukraine

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United Kingdom

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United States

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According to United States Military Joint Publication 3-68, Noncombatant Evacuation Operations:[9]

"Noncombatant evacuation operations (NEOs) are conducted to assist the Department of State (DOS) in evacuating noncombatants, nonessential military personnel, selected host-nation citizens, and third country nationals whose lives are in danger from locations in a host foreign nation to an appropriate safe haven and/or the United States.
NEOs usually involve swift insertions of a force, temporary occupation of an objective, and a planned withdrawal upon completion of the mission.
During NEOs, the US Ambassador is the senior authority for the evacuation and is ultimately responsible for the successful completion of the NEO and the safety of the evacuees. The Ambassador speaks with the authority of the President and serves as direct representative on site."

This means that at times American citizens may become endangered in locations outside of the United States. This is usually due to civil unrest or war. However, it may also be due to a natural disaster. The U.S. Ambassador has the responsibility, according to law, to request a NEO. Once he does, the government will determine whether or not the evacuation should be done with civilian resources, such as the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF), or with military forces. Even if military forces conduct the evacuation, the Ambassador remains in charge of the evacuation.[citation needed]

The method of evacuation could include sealift, airlift, or even by road.

Notable operations

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Chinofotis, Panagiotis (18 July 2021). "Π. Χηνοφώτης: Προβολή ναυτικής και ήπιας ισχύος, επιχείρηση «Κέδρος», Λίβανος" [P. Chinofotis: The display of naval and soft power, Operation Kedros, Lebanon]. Kathimerini (in Greek). Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  2. ^ Redefined, Defence (2023-04-27). "Sudan | The Greek C-130 took off from Khartoum with 39 people - 20 Greek citizens". Defence Redefined. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  3. ^ "Greek military plane carrying Cypriots from Lebanon lands in Larnaca". cyprus-mail.com. 2024-10-03. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  4. ^ "6 examples of Ukraine supporting other countries in need". Russia’s war in Ukraine: official website. 2023-03-08. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  5. ^ "Одна з перших і забутих миротворчих місій Збройних Сил України (One of the first and forgotten peacekeeping missions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine)". АрміяInform (in Ukrainian). 2021-11-30. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  6. ^ "Ukrainian intelligence or how the wise is ruling the stars". Ukrainian Security and Cooperation Center. 2021-09-06. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  7. ^ "How Ukrainians saved citizens of other countries". Svidomi. 2023-06-12. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  8. ^ "Миротворець Микола Верхогляд: "Я сказав Младічу, що політики його здадуть" (Peacekeeper Mykola Verkhohliad: "I said to Mladić that the politicians will sell him out")". Історична правда (Istorychna pravda) (in Ukrainian). 2011-07-25. Archived from the original on 2024-01-02. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  9. ^ Joint Publication 3-68: Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (PDF). Suffolk, Virginia: Joint Doctrine Analysis Division. 2015.
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