National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is an advisory committee composed of multidisciplinary experts responsible for providing information to national governments. This information is used to make evidence-based decisions regarding vaccines and immunization policies.[1][2] The majority of industrialized countries, as well as some developing countries, have formally established advisory committees to guide their immunization policies, while other countries are working towards establishing such committees.[3]
Purpose
editThe primary purpose of a NITAG is to provide technical expertise by offering guidance and recommendations to national policymakers and program managers, enabling them to make evidence-based decisions regarding immunization policies and programs. This may also include recommendations on vaccination schedules, such as the appropriate timing, dosage, and contraindications of vaccines.[3] To ensure that the government gives proper attention to NITAG recommendations, the committee typically reports to high-level officials within the Ministry of Health.[3]
In immunization related policy, Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) have established mechanisms to synthesize evidence and provide global recommendations. These recommendations are further interpreted at the country level by NITAGs, as they must consider factors such as local disease epidemiology, the acceptability of vaccination strategies to local populations, equity within the population, and programmatic and financial constraints.[4]
In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that each member country establish a NITAG.[5] The Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) called for all 194 member countries to establish, or have access to, a NITAG by 2020.[6]
NITAG are considered to be functional when they meet six defined process indicators agreed upon by the WHO, which are:[7]
- having a legislative or administrative basis,
- having formal terms of reference,
- having at least five areas of expertise represented among its membership,
- having at least one meeting per year,
- distribution of the agenda and background documents at least one week prior to meetings, and
- having mandatory disclosure of conflict of interests.
As of 2022[update], there are 175 countries reporting existence of NITAG and 121 countries with NITAG with all six WHO functionality criteria.[8] And 85% of the world’s population is served by such NITAGs, 52% increase compared to 2010.[6]
Members
editThere are no fixed rules regarding the total number of NITAG members, as this depends on local factors such as the need for geographic representation, the country's size, and the availability of resources. However, experience has shown that successful NITAG typically function with around 10 to 15 members.[3] NITAG members usually consist of multidisciplinary experts, representing a broad range of skills and expertise in areas such as clinical medicine (paediatrics and adolescent medicine, adult medicine, geriatrics), epidemiologists, infectious diseases specialists, microbiologists, public health, immunology, vaccinology, immunization programme, health systems and delivery, clinical research and health economics.[3][9]
List of NITAG
editThere are no specific guidelines for naming NITAGs, so each country may use different names. For example:
- Australia: Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI)
- Canada: National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)
- France: Technical Committee of Vaccination (Comité Technique des Vaccinations / CTV)[10]
- Germany: Standing Committee on Vaccination (Ständige Impfkommission am Robert-Koch-Institut / STIKO)
- India: National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI)[11]
- Ireland: National Immunisation Advisory Committee (NIAC)
- United Kingdom: Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI)
- United States: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
- Pakistan: National Immunization Technical Advisor Group (NITAG)[12]
References
edit- ^ Gessner, Bradford D.; Duclos, Philippe; DeRoeck, Denise; et al. (19 April 2010). "Informing decision makers: Experience and process of 15 National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups". Vaccine. 28 (1). Elsevier: A6-12. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.025. PMID 20412988.
- ^ "National advisory committees on immunization". who.int. WHO. June 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Duclos, Philippe (19 April 2010). "National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs): Guidance for their establishment and strengthening" (PDF). Vaccine. 28 (1). Elsevier: A18-25. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.027. PMID 20412991.
- ^ Steffen, Christoph A.; Henaff, Louise; Durupt, Antoine; et al. (8 April 2021). "Evidence-informed vaccination decision-making in countries: Progress, challenges and opportunities". Vaccine. 39 (15). Elsevier: 2146–2152. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.055. PMID 33712350.
- ^ Duclos, Philippe; Dumolarda, Laure; Abeysingheb, Nihal; et al. (2013). "Progress in the establishment and strengthening of national immunization technical advisory groups: Analysis from the 2013 WHO/UNICEF joint reporting form, data for 2012". Vaccine. 31 (46). Elsevier (published 4 November 2013): 5314–5320. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.084. PMID 24055304.
- ^ a b WHO (2019). The Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020 • Review And Lessons Learned. Geneva: WHO.
- ^ "SAGE April 2017 - NITAGs - Background Paper" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2017.
- ^ "National Immunization Advisory Mechanism". World Health Organization. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "ACIP charter". National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "Vaccine Committee". Haute Autorité de Santé. 14 September 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ "Press Note". Government of India Press Information Bureau. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ "Notification No.F.EPI-NITAG/2014" (PDF). Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2023.