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Maakhir (Somali: Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir, Arabic: ماخر Mākhir), officially the Maakhir State of Somalia (Somali: Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir; Arabic: ولاية ماخر الصومال Wilāyah Mākhir al-Ṣūmāl) was a short-lived quasi-state in the Sanaag region of eastern Somalia formed in 2007.[1][2][3] In August 2024, the Federal Republic of Somalia, led by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, officially recognized Maakhir State of Somalia as an independent state with defined territorial borders, This recognition of statehood followed a full representation from the region participating in consultation events to determine the future of the area. Representatives from across the Maakhir population elected a leadership and a technical administrative committee.[4]
Maakhir State of Somalia ولاية ماخر الصومال
   | |
|---|---|
| 2007–2009 | |
| Motto: Diinta, Saldanada iyo Somalinimo ayaan isu sadqaynaynaa! | |
| Anthem: Saldanada Saatir ha saraysiiyo abidkeed | |
 | |
| Capital | Badhan |
| Common languages | Somali Makhiri |
| Demonym(s) | Makhiri |
| President | |
| History | |
• Declared | 26 May 2007 |
• Disestablished | 2009 |
| Currency | Somali shilling |
| Calling code | 252 |
| Internet TLD | .so |
| Today part of | Somalia |
History
editMaakhir is the only Somali territory to never be ruled by a foreign power. Until 1949, the northern region of Somalia (including Maakhir, which was fully autonomous) was known to the Western world as British Somaliland.[1] Maakhir refers to the area historically governed by the Warsangali Sultanate, which existed for centuries and played a significant role in the early 20th century.[5]
Military operations
editIn February 2008, Somaliland armed forces laid siege to Hadaftimo, causing a state of emergency before the troops withdrew into Erigavo. Maakhir responded by increasing its military presence in Erigavo.[6]
On 9 July, hostilities were reignited when Somaliland troops invaded and occupied Laas Qoray port, under the pretense of rescuing German citizens who were allegedly being held hostage by pirates in the area.[7]
References
edit- ^ Piskunova, Natalia (2013). "State Failure in the Contemporary International System: New Trends, New Threats". In Krishna-Hensel, Sai Felicia (ed.). Order and Disorder in the International System. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 115–130. ISBN 9781409489078.
- ^ Yuusuf, Muuse (20 May 2021). The Genesis of the Civil War in Somalia: The Impact of Foreign Military Intervention on the Conflict. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-7556-2711-0.
- ^ Krishna-Hensel, Sai Felicia (2010). Order and disorder in the international system. Global interdisciplinary studies series. Farnham, England Burlington, VT: Ashgate. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-4094-0505-4.
- ^ Lund, Christian; Eilenberg, Michael, eds. (2017). Rule and rupture: state formation through the production of property and citizenship. Development and change book series. Chichester, UK ; Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 197. ISBN 978-1-119-38479-3.
- ^ Marchal, Roland (2010). The Puntland State of Somalia. A Tentative Social Analysis (Report).
- ^ The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland.
- ^ CIIDAMADA SOMALILAND OO DHAAWAC U GAYSTAY MID KA MID AH DADKA XUSUL DUUBKA UGU JIRA SII DAYNTA DADKA AFDUUBKA LOO HAYSTO. (Somali)