List of weapons of the Portuguese Colonial War

The Portuguese Colonial War (Portuguese: Guerra Colonial), also referred to as the Portuguese Overseas War or Overseas War (Portuguese: Guerra do Ultramar) for short, was a military conflict staged during the Decolonisation of Africa that pitted the guerrilla forces of the African nationalist Liberation movements of the Guinea-Bissau, Angola and Mozambique overseas provinces, which were part of the Portuguese Empire, against the colonial armed and security forces loyal to the authoritarian Estado Novo regime of Portugal, between 1961 and 1975. Main combatants comprised:

Portuguese Army soldiers in the beginning of the War in Angola. The camouflage uniforms and the FN FAL assault rifles identify them as Caçadores Especiais. At this time, the remaining Army forces still wore yellow khaki field uniforms and were mostly armed with bolt-action rifles.
Soldiers of the PAIGC raise the flag of Guinea-Bissau in 1974.

An eclectic variety of weapons was used by all sides in the Portuguese Colonial War. The Portuguese Military and Security Forces serving in the African territories were equipped with Western-made weapon systems from both World War I and World War II, mainly Portuguese, Austro-Hungarian, Danish, German, Italian, French, Canadian and British in origin, but also included more modern Portuguese, Spanish, French, British, Belgian, Dutch, West German, American and South African military hardware. During the early phase of the war, the African Liberation Movements likewise were largely equipped with WWII-vintage Western arms and munitions, though as the war went on, Soviet, Eastern Bloc and Chinese weaponry began to play a major role, particularly after 1970.[7]

Portuguese Military and Security Forces equipment

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Revolvers

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Smith & Wesson Model 49 Bodyguard .38 Special.

Received from the Portuguese Army or privately purchased, used by colonial public servants and officials as personal side-arms for self-defence.[10]

Pistols

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Submachine guns

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Pistola-metralhadora FBP m/948.
 
Uzi with a folding stock.

Bolt-action rifles

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Battle rifles

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ArmaLite AR-10 assault rifle (Portuguese model).
 
FN FAL assault rifle (50.00 model).

Sniper rifles

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Light machine guns

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Metralhadora ligeira 7,62 mm m/963 HK21

General-purpose machine guns

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Metralhadora 7,92 mm m/944 MG34 Borsig
 
Metralhadora 7,92 mm m/944 MG42

Medium and Heavy machine guns

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Metralhadora pesada 12,7 mm m/955 Browning M2

Grenade systems

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Land mine systems

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Bombs and explosives

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Rocket systems

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Anti-tank rockets and Grenade launchers

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Recoilless rifles

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Mortars

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Howitzers

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Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

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Armoured vehicles

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Escort, transport and recovery vehicles

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Helicopters

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A Portuguese Air Force Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopter deploying paratroopers armed with 7.62mm ArmaLite AR-10 rifles during an assault operation in Angola.

Aircraft

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A Portuguese Air Force F-84G Thunderjet being loaded with ordnance at Luanda Air Base, 1960s.
 
Portuguese Fiat G.91 fighter-bomber, deployed by the Portuguese Air Force in the theatres of Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique.
 
Two former Portuguese North American T-6G Texan trainers now on display on the National Museum of Military History in Luanda, Angola, 2015.
 
A Lockheed PV-2C Harpoons of the Portuguese Air Force, 1970s.
 
Portuguese Air Force Dornier Do 27.
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Portuguese Navy landing craft during the Portuguese Colonial War, 1973.

African Liberation Movements equipment

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Pistols

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Submachine guns

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MP 40 Submachine gun
 
MAT-49 Submachine gun

Bolt-action rifles

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Chinese Type 53 carbine.

Semi-automatic rifles

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SKS semi-automatic rifles were used by the guerrillas before the full introduction of AK-47 and AKM assault rifles.

Battle rifles

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AK-47 assault rifle, widely used by the African guerrilla movements.
 
Vz. 58 assault rifle.

Sniper rifles

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Hungarian M/52 rifle with PU 3.5× optics
  • M/52 (Hungarian copy of the Soviet Mosin–Nagant Model 1891/30 sniper rifle)

Shotguns

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  • Canhangulo (home-made shotgun): employed early in the War in both Angola and Mozambique.

Light machine guns

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Chinese Type 53 light machine gun
 
RP-46 light machine gun
 
Vz. 52 machine gun

General-purpose machine guns

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MG 42s (second and third from left) in a training camp of the FNLA, in Zaire, 1973, along with a Madsen machine gun and several Karabiner 98ks and Pattern 1914 Enfields.

Medium and Heavy machine guns

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FNLA soldiers undergoing training with a DShKM 12.7mm Heavy machine gun at a base camp in Zaire, 22 August 1973.

Grenade systems

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Land mine systems

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Bombs and explosives

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Rocket and missile systems

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Anti-tank rockets and Grenade launchers

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PAIGC guerrillas armed with AKMs and Type 69 RPGs manning a checkpoint in Guinea-Bissau, 1974.

Recoilless rifles

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Mortars

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Howitzers

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Anti-tank guns

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Heavy equipment used by the PAIGC, including two ZiS-2 and ZiS-3 anti-tank guns, a DShKM Heavy machine gun and a B-10 recoilless rifle, now on display at Bissau.

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

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Armoured vehicles

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Transport vehicles

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GAZ-66 light truck in military service with the PAIGC liberation movement in Guinea-Bissau, 1973.

Aircraft

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 33.
  2. ^ Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), pp. 57–58.
  3. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8; 12.
  4. ^ a b c Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 51.
  5. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8–9.
  6. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 8–10.
  7. ^ a b Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 10.
  8. ^ Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 66.
  9. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 13–15.
  10. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), p. 63.
  11. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 61–63.
  12. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 80–82.
  13. ^ Supica, Jim; Nahas, Richard (2007). Standard Catalog of Smith & Wesson. Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. pp. 141–143, 174, 210–211. ISBN 978-0-89689-293-4.
  14. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), p. 82.
  15. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 100–103.
  16. ^ Grant, The Luger (2018), p. 28.
  17. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 176–178.
  18. ^ Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38 (2022), p. 71.
  19. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 134–137.
  20. ^ Abbott, Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 6; 17.
  21. ^ "As Armas da 1ª Guerra Mundial". quelegalbakana.blogspot.com (in Portuguese). 5 September 2007.
  22. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 160–162.
  23. ^ Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 213.
  24. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 166–168.
  25. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 17; 37.
  26. ^ Quesada, MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns (2014), p. 62.
  27. ^ a b c Pinto, Major-general Renato Fernando Marques. "As Indústrias Militares e As Armas de Fogo Portáteis no Exército Português". REVISTA MILITAR. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
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  30. ^ a b Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 17–18.
  31. ^ Gander, Terry J. (2000). "National inventories, Portugal". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001–2002. p. 3371.
  32. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 182–184.
  33. ^ Thompson, The Sten Gun (2012), p. 74.
  34. ^ Moss, The Sterling Submachine Gun (2018), p. 64.
  35. ^ Carvalho, Testemunhos de Guerra: Angola, Guiné e Moçambique 1961–1974 (2000), p. 214.
  36. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 185–187.
  37. ^ "MPL & MPK: Walther's Cold War MP Subguns". Tactical Life Gun Magazine: Gun News and Gun Reviews. 6 October 2015.
  38. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 88–93.
  39. ^ Paul, Scarlata (October 20, 2012). "The Portuguese Mod. 1904 Mauser Vergueiro". Shotgun News. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
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  41. ^ Abbott, Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 17.
  42. ^ Reynolds, Dan, The Rifles of Portugal 1880–1980, "Port". Archived from the original on 2008-10-05. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
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  44. ^ Out, Roger (July 2012). "Le fusil britannique Page 14". Gazette des Armes (in French). No. 444. pp. 30–36.
  45. ^ a b c d e Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 34.
  46. ^ a b Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle (1998), pp. 75; 79–80.
  47. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 177; 183–184.
  48. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 198–200.
  49. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 38.
  50. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 358–359.
  51. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 188–191.
  52. ^ a b c Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 17.
  53. ^ a b Cashner, The FN FAL Battle Rifle (2013), pp. 46–47.
  54. ^ Pikula, The ArmaLite AR-10 Rifle: The Saga of the First Modern Combat Rifle (1998), p. 79.
  55. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 183–184; 358–359.
  56. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 192–197.
  57. ^ Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle (2019), pp. 29–31.
  58. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 196.
  59. ^ Smith, Small Arms of the World (1969), p. 342.
  60. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 127–130.
  61. ^ Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), p. 7.
  62. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 144–147.
  63. ^ a b Abbott, Ribeiro Rodrigues and Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74 (2005), pp. 7; 18.
  64. ^ Smith, Small Arms of the World (1969), p. 530.
  65. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 156–159.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Silva Machado and Sucena do Carmo, Tropas Pára-quedistas Portuguesas 1956–1993 (1992), p. 35.
  67. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 108; 178.
  68. ^ Miller, The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns (2001), page unknown.
  69. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 205–208.
  70. ^ Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5
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  73. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 178; 183–184.
  74. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 201–204.
  75. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 36.
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  77. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 169–171.
  78. ^ Telo and Álvares, Armamento do Exército Português Vol. I – Armamento ligeiro (2004), pp. 172–175.
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  80. ^ LEXPEV. "Portuguese grenades". Lexpev.nl. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
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  82. ^ António de Araújo e António Duarte Silva, O uso de napalm na Guerra Colonial – quatro documentos, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IPRI-UNL), 17 de Setembro de 2008. (in Portuguese) – [1]
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  106. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), p. 402.
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  108. ^ a b Fontanellaz, Cooper & Matos, War of Intervention in Angola, Volume 3: Angolan and Cuban Air Forces, 1975–1985 (2020), p. 25.
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  160. ^ Afonso and Gomes, Guerra Colonial: Angola – Guiné – Moçambique (2000), pp. 25; 36; 168.
  161. ^ Mesko and Greer, A-26 Invader in action (1993), p. 45.
  162. ^ Hagedorn and Hellström, Foreign Invaders, the Douglas Invader in Foreign Military and US Clandestine Service (1994), pages unknown.
  163. ^ Portuguese Military Aviation – The Douglas B-26B/B-26C Invader.
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See also

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References

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  • Mario Canongia Lopes, "Portugal's Ginas", Air Enthusiast, No. 36, May–August 1988, pp. 61–72. ISSN 0143-5450
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  • Pedro Manuel Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais, Contra a Corrente, Lda., Lisbon 2018. ISBN 9789899901261 (in Portuguese)
  • Peter Abbott, Manuel Ribeiro Rodrigues and Ron Volstad, Modern African Wars (2): Angola and Mozambique 1961–74, Men-at-Arms series 202, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2005. ISBN 978-0-85045-843-5
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