Buildings can appear to be twisted by design, where the twisting (torsion, helix, etc.) is structural rather than merely an ornamental detail. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat defines a twisting building as one that progressively rotates its floor plates or its façade as it gains height.[1] There are 41 spiraled skyscrapers, and 4 more are under construction.[2]
Turning Torso, in Malmö, Sweden is regarded as the first twisted tower or building.[3] It was designed by Santiago Calatrava and was completed in 2005.[4] When completed, Diamond Tower will be the only building to twist a full 360 degrees along its height. F&F Tower, in Panama City, holds the record for the tightest twist, that is, the highest average rotation per floor, at 5.943 degrees across each of its 53 floors; and as of 2017, it is the completed building with the highest total rotation, with 315 degrees.[3]
List of tallest twisted buildings
editThe following list includes completed or topped-out buildings sorted by height.[3] Buildings under construction are shaded in grey.
| Rank | Image | Name | City | Height in m (ft) | Floor count | Completion year | Average floor rotation | Total rotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
|
Shanghai Tower | Shanghai, China | 632 m (2,073 ft) | 128 | 2015 | 0.938° | 120° |
| 2 | 
|
Lakhta Center | Saint Petersburg, Russia | 462 m (1,516 ft) | 87 | 2019 | 1.047° | 90° |
| 3 | 
|
Burj Almasa | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | 432 m (1,417 ft) | 93 | 2027 | 3.871° | 360° |
| 4 | 
|
Telekom Tower | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 310 m (1,020 ft) | 55 | 2001 | ||
| 5 | 
|
Ocean Heights | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 310 m (1,020 ft) | 83 | 2010 | 0.482° | 40° |
| 6 | 
|
Cayan Tower | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 306 m (1,004 ft) | 73 | 2013 | 1.233° | 90° |
| 7 | 
|
Supernova Spira | Noida, India | 300 m (980 ft) | 80 | 2025 | 1.825° | 146° |
| 8 | Shimao Qianhai Center | Shenzhen, China | 294.3 m (966 ft) | 63 | 2020 | 0.714° | 45° | |
| 9 | 
|
Crown Sydney | Sydney, Australia | 271.3 m (890 ft) | 75 | 2020 | 0.8° | 60° |
| 10 | Regent Emirates Pearl | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | 255 m (837 ft) | 52 | 2016 | 0.481° | 25° | |
| 11 | Ningbo Bank of China Headquarters | Ningbo, China | 246 m (807 ft) | 50 | 2016 | 1.2° | 60° | |
| 12 | 
|
Evolution Tower | Moscow, Russia | 246 m (807 ft) | 55 | 2015 | 2.836° | 156° |
| 13 | 
|
F&F Tower | Panama City, Panama | 243 m (797 ft) | 53 | 2011 | 5.943° | 315° |
| 14 | 
|
Al Majdoul Tower | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 244.5 m (802 ft) | 54 | 2019 | 2.5° | 135° |
| 15 | 
|
Capital Diamond Tower | New Administrative Capital, Egypt | 239 m (784 ft) | 62 | 2026 | 4° | 212° |
| 16 | 
|
Azrieli Sarona Tower | Tel Aviv, Israel | 238.5 m (782 ft) | 61 | 2017 | ||
| 17 | Al Tijaria Tower | Kuwait City, Kuwait | 218 m (715 ft) | 41 | 2009 | 4.3° | 180° | |
| 18 | 
|
Naza Tower 1 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 215.5 m (707 ft) | 50 | 2015 | ||
| 19 | 
|
SOCAR Tower | Baku, Azerbaijan | 209 m (686 ft) | 42 | 2016 | 1.2° | 40° |
| 20 | Barcelona Tower | Tirana, Albania | 202 m (663 ft) | 50 | 2030 | 0.712° | 35.6° | |
| 21 | United Tower | Manama, Bahrain | 200 m (660 ft) | 47 | 2016 | 3.83° | 180° | |
| 22 | Al Bidda Tower | Doha, Qatar | 197 m (646 ft) | 44 | 2009 | 1.364° | 60° | |
| 23 | 
|
Turning Torso | Malmö, Sweden | 190 m (620 ft) | 57 | 2005 | 1.579° | 90° |
| 24 | 
|
Paradox Hotel Vancouver | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | 188 m (617 ft) | 63 | 2016 | 0.714° | 45° |
| 25 | Dance Of Light tower | Chongqing, China | 180 m (590 ft) | 39 | 2022 | 2.045° | 90° | |
| 26 | 
|
Generali Tower (lo Storto) | Milan, Italy | 177 m (581 ft) | 44 | 2017 | 1.127° | 49.6° |
| 27 | 
|
Absolute World (Building D) | Mississauga, Ontario, Canada | 176 m (577 ft) | 56 | 2012 | 3.732° | 209° |
| 28 | 
|
Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers | Nagoya, Japan | 170 m (560 ft) | 38 | 2008 | 3° | 114° |
| 29 | Ministry of Taxes | Baku, Azerbaijan | 168 m (551 ft) | 32 | 2021 | 5° | 88° | |
| 30 |
|
Naza Tower 2 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 166 m (545 ft) | 38 | 2015 | ||
| 31 |
|
Absolute World (Building E) | Mississauga, Canada | 158 m (518 ft) | 50 | 2012 | 4° | 200° |
| 32 | 
|
Baltimore Tower | London, United Kingdom | 149 m (489 ft) | 44 | 2017 | 2.182° | 96° |
| 33 | 
|
Axis Towers (ka) | Tbilisi, Georgia (country) | 147 m (482 ft) | 37 | 2020 | ||
| 34 | CORE 31 "Cúspide" | Huixquilucan, México | 145 m (476 ft) | 38 | 2020 | 2.50° | 90° | |
| 35 | 
|
Avaz Twist Tower | Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina | 142 m (466 ft) | 40 | 2008 | 2.8° | 90° |
| 36 | 
|
The Point | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 137 m (449 ft) | 36 | 2014 | 5.833° | 210° |
| 37 | Sichuan Radio and Television Centre | Chengdu, China | 136 m (446 ft) | 31 | 2010 | 2.903° | 90° | |
| 38 | Ayia Napa Marina Towers | Ayia Napa, Cyprus | 118 m (388 ft) | 28 | 2020 | 3.2° | 90° | |
| 39 | 
|
PwC Tower | Midrand, South Africa | 106 m (348 ft) | 26 | 2018 | 1.154° | 30° |
| 40 | Xiamen Suiwa Tower | Xiamen, China | 100 m (330 ft) | 22 | TBA | 4.091° | 90° | |
| 41 | 
|
Grove at Grand Bay (north tower) | Miami, United States | 94 m (308 ft) | 21 | 2016 | 1.843° | 38.7° |
| Grove at Grand Bay (south tower) | ||||||||
| 42 | 
|
Tao Zhu Yin Yuan | Taipei, Taiwan | 93 m (305 ft) | 21 | 2018 | 4.286° | 90° |
| 43 | Avian Tower | Surabaya, Indonesia | 84 m (276 ft) | 20 | 2018 | 3° | 60° |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Frearson, Amy (22 August 2016). "World's tallest twisted towers revealed". Dezeen. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ McCafferty, Georgia (25 August 2016). "The world's tallest spiraled skyscrapers". CNN. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ a b c "Twisting Tall Buildings". CTBUH. August 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
- ^ Varinsky, Dana (13 September 2016). "11 of the most stunning twisted towers around the world". Business Insider. Retrieved 5 February 2017.