The following is a list of massacres of Azerbaijanis[a] that have occurred throughout history.
During pre-Soviet times, the term "Caucasian Tatar" was used for the group who is nowadays called "Azerbaijanis."[1][2][3] For instance, this is apparent in the designation Armenian–Tatar massacres. However, these terms are today and in this article interchangeable.
| Name | Date | Location | Perpetrators | Victims (highest estimation) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian–Tatar massacres | 1905–1907 |  Baku, Ganja, Nakhchivan, Shusha, and Tbilisi
|
 Armenians and  Azerbaijanis
|
3,000 to 10,000 from both sides[4] |
| Massacres of Azerbaijanis in Armenia in 1917–1921 | 1917–1921 |  Ararat, Kars, Surmalu, Syunik
|
Armenian and Russian army
|
In Erivan Governorate, 4,000;[5] in Zangezur uezd, 7,729[6]–10,000[7] |
| March Days | March 1918 |  Baku
|
 Baku Commune forces
|
3,000[8][9]–12,000[10] |
| 1920 Ganja Revolt | June 1920 | Ganja
|
 11th Red Army
|
15,000[11][12] |
| Black January | January 1990 |  Baku
|
 Red Army
|
137;[13] unofficial number reaching 300[14] |
| Gugark pogrom | March – December 1988 |  Gugark, Lori Province
|
Armenian mobs
|
11–21[15][16] |
| Capture of Garadaghly | February 1992 | Garadaghly
|
 Armenian irregular units Russian 366th regiment
|
unclear; 20 per Azerbaijani sources,[17] 53 per Monte Melkonian[18] |
| Khojaly massacre | February 1992 | Khojaly
|
Armenian irregular units Russian 366th regiment
|
613 |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ "The official records of the Russian Empire and various published sources from the pre-1917 period also called them “Tatar” or “Caucasian Tatars,” “Azerbaijani Tatars” and even “Persian Tatars” in order to differentiate them from the other “Tatars” of the empire and the Persian speakers of Iran."[1] For the sake of simplicity, this article uses "Azerbaijanis" for the people group.
References
edit- ^ a b Yilmaz, Harun (2013). "The Soviet Union and the Construction of Azerbaijani National Identity in the 1930s". Iranian Studies. 46 (4): 513. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784521. S2CID 144322861.
The official records of the Russian Empire and various published sources from the pre-1917 period also called them "Tatar" or "Caucasian Tatars," "Azerbaijani Tatars" and even "Persian Tatars" in order to differentiate them from the other "Tatars" of the empire and the Persian speakers of Iran.
- ^ Tsutsiev, Arthur. "31. 1926: An Ethnic Map Reflecting the First Soviet Census". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, p. 87.
- ^ Tsutsiev, Arthur. "26. 1920: The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Soviet Russia". Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014, pp. 71-73.
- ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-231-07068-3, ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3
- ^ Aharonian 1963, p. 52.
- ^ Balayev 1990, p. 43.
- ^ Baberovski 2010, p. 166.
- ^ Richard Pipes. The formation of the Soviet Union: communism and nationalism, 1917–1923. p.200
- ^ Alstatdt, Audrey L. (1992). The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule. Hoover Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-8179-9182-1.
- ^ "New Republics in the Caucasus". The New York Times Current History. 11 (2): 492. March 1920.
- ^ The I.L.P.'s ALLIES. Soviet Massacre in the Caucasus // Western Gazette. — 1920. — 1 June. — page 12.
- ^ 15,000 massacred // Cheltenham Chronicle. — 1920. — 2 June. — page 4
- ^ Elchin Khalilov (15 August 2001). "Eyewitness: A republic loses faith". BBC News. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
- ^ Reza; Blair, Betty (Spring 1998). "Black January: Baku (1990). Behind the Scenes – A Photojournalist's Perspective". Azerbaijan International. pp. 33–37. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
- ^ Papyan, Mane (22 April 2015). "Gugark after Sumgait". Caucasus Edition: Journal of Conflict Transformation. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- ^ Yunusov, Arif (26 February 1991). "Погромы в Армении в 1988-1989". Ekspress-Khronika (in Russian). No. 16. Archived from the original on 26 April 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- ^ "Letter dated 20 May 2005 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
- ^ Melkonian, Markar (2005). My brother's road: an American's fateful journey to Armenia. I.B. Tauris. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-1-85043-635-5.
Bibliography
edit- Aharonian, Avetis (1963). "From Sardarapat to Sèvres and Lausanne (A Political Diary) (Part IV)". The Armenian Review. 16 (3).
- Baberovski, Yorg (2010). Враг есть везде. Сталинизм на Кавказе [The enemy is everywhere. Stalinism in the Caucasus] (in Russian). Moscow: Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSSPEN) Fond «Prezidentskiy tsentr B. N. Yeltsina». ISBN 978-5-8243-1435-9. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022.
- Balayev, Aydyn (1990). Азербайджанское национально-демократическое движение 1917-1929 гг [The Azerbaijani national-democratic movement in 1917–1929] (in Russian). Baku. ISBN 978-5-8066-0422-5. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022.
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