Micronesia is a biodiversity hotspot with an exceptionally high richness of endemic plant species, 10 times higher than that of Hawaii.[1] The Mariana Islands form an archipelago in the northwest of the Micronesian region.
In 2012, Craig M. Costion and David H. Lorence compiled a list of Micronesian endemic plants, and assessed that the Mariana Islands had 22 endemic plant species (16 species in the southern Mariana Islands, of which 11 were isolated to Guam, and 5 species in the northern Mariana Islands). They concluded that there was an approximately 3% rate of endemism in the Mariana Islands (endemic species per km2), which is comparable to the rates in Hawaii (4%) and Tonga (2%) but lower than the 14% rate of endemism among all Micronesian islands.[1] However, the number of known Marianas endemics has greatly expanded since then with new discoveries, taxonomic revisions, and improvements in digitized databases.
Plants endemic to the Mariana Islands
editThe following list includes plants that have an endemic range only within the Mariana Islands. "Mariana Islands" is defined in accordance with the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD), level 3 code "MRN," and includes the following geopolitical territories:
Only species, subspecies, varieties, and forms that are recognized as "accepted" by the Plants of the World Online database are included in this list; synonyms are not include. Some synonyms are listed next to the accepted name if they are still in common use in recent botanical literature. Subspecies are abbreviated "subs.," varieties "var.," and forms "f." after the species name.
The following list of Marianas endemic plants was compiled based on a list generated by Plants of the World Online in May 2023. This list may not be complete and may not reflect recent changes in taxonomy. An updated list of accepted species for a geographic area can be generated on the Plants of the World Online.[2]
Plants are listed in order by approximate size of their native range, beginning with those with the most restricted native ranges.
Image | Scientific name | Chamorro name(s) | Order | Native distribution | Conservation status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Terminalia rostrata Fosberg & Falanruw[3] | Myrtales | Asuncion[3] | |||
Leptecophylla mariannensis (Kaneh.) C.M.Weiller[4] | Ericales | Alamagan[4] | |||
Psychotria hombroniana (Baill.) Fosberg[5] | Aplokating-palaoan[9] | Rubiales | Psychotria hombroniana: Marianas, Caroline Islands[5] | ||
Osmoxylon mariannense (Kaneh.) Fosberg & Sachet[10] | No known common name[11] | Apiales | Rota[10] | Critically endangered (IUCN)[12] Endangered (USFWS)[11] | |
Nesogenes rotensis Fosberg & D.R.Herbst[13] | No known common name[14] | Lamiales | Rota[13] | Endangered (USFWS)[11] | |
Derris mariannensis Hosok.[15] | Fabales | Rota[15] | |||
Psychotria rotensis Kaneh.[16]
|
Gentianales | Psychotria rotensis: Marianas, Caroline Islands[16]
|
Psychotria rotensis is considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam)[18] | ||
Croton saipanensis Hosok.[19] | Euphorbiales | Saipan[19] | |||
Mucuna pacifica Hosok.[20] | Fabales | Saipan[20] | |||
Phreatia ladronica Tuyama[21] | Asparagales | Saipan[21] | |||
Hedyotis scabridifolia Kaneh.[22] | Gentianales | Hedyotis scabridifolia:Marianas[22]
|
|||
Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner[25] | No known common name | Lamiales | Guam (northern limestone cliff faces)[25][26] | Critically endangered (preliminarily)[26] | |
Tinospora homosepala Diels[27] | No known common name[14] | Ranunculales | Guam[27] | Endangered (USFWS)[14] | |
Hedyotis megalantha Merr.[28] | Paudedo[14] | Gentianales | Guam[28] | Endangered (USFWS)[14] | |
Eugenia bryanii Kaneh.[29] | No known common name[14] | Myrtales | Guam[29] | Endangered (USFWS)[14] | |
Psychotria malaspinae Merr.[30] | Aplokating-palaoan[14] | Gentianales | Guam[30] | Endangered (USFWS)[14] | |
Elatostema divaricatum (Gaudich.) Fosberg[31] | Rosales | Guam[31] | |||
Elatostema stenophyllum Merr.[32] | Rosales | Guam[32] | |||
Dianella saffordiana Fosberg & Sachet[33] | Asparagales | Guam[33] | |||
Potamogeton marianensis Cham. & Schltdl.[34] | Alismatales | Guam[34] | |||
Psychotria andersonii Fosberg[35] | Gentianales | Guam[35] | |||
Digitaria gaudichaudii (Kunth) Henrard[36] | Poales | Guam[36] | |||
Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling & Niezgoda[37] | Fabales | Guam[37] | |||
Allophylus holophyllus Radlk.[38] | Nget[9] | Ericales | Guam[38] | ||
Rhaphidophora guamensis P.C.Boyce[39] | Araceae | Guam[39] | |||
Timonius nitidus (Bartl. ex DC.) Fern.-Vill.[40] | Maholoc layu[9] | Gentianales | Guam[40] | ||
Syzygium guamense Byng[41] | Myrtales | Guam[41] | |||
Bulbophyllum raulersoniae Deloso, Paulino & Cootes[42] | Asparagales | Guam[42] | Proposed by Deloso et al. to be listed as endangered[43] | ||
Crepidium alamaganense (S.Kobay.) T.Yukawa[44]
(synonym: Malaxis alamaganensis) |
Asparagales | Northern Marianas[44] | |||
Peperomia mariannensis C.DC.[45]
|
Piperales | Peperomia mariannensis: Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau)[45]
|
|||
Dendrobium oblongimentum Hosok. & Fukuy.[47] | Asparagales | Guam (northern), Rota[47] | |||
Serianthes nelsonii Merr.[48] | Håyun lågu (Guam)
Trongkon guåfi (Rota)[14] |
Fabales | Guam, Rota[48] | Endangered (USFWS)[11] | |
Bulbophyllum guamense Ames[49] | Siboyas hålom tåno[14] | Asparagales | Guam, Rota[49] | Threatened (USFWS)[14] | |
Thelypteris gretheri (W.H.Wagner) B.C.Stone[50]
(synonym: Cyclosorus gretheri) |
Polypodiales | Guam, Rota[50] | |||
Thelypteris guamensis (Holttum) Fosberg & Sachet[51] (synonym: Cyclosorus guamensis) | Polypodiales | Guam, Rota[51] | |||
Tabernaemontana rotensis (Kaneh.) B.C.Stone[52] (considered by POWO to be a synonym of the more widespread Tabernaemontana pandacaqui[53] although it was determined by USFWS, using genetic analysis, to be a distinct species.[54] | No known common name[14] | Gentianales | Guam, Rota[54] | Threatened (USFWS) (Tabernaemontana rotensis)[14] | |
Syzygium thompsonii[55] | Atoto[9] | Myrtales | Guam, Rota, Saipan[55] | ||
Solanum guamense Merr.[56] | Berenghenas halomtano[14] | Solanales | Marianas[56] | Endangered (USFWS)[14] | |
Phyllanthus saffordii Merr.[57] | No known common name[57] | Malpighiales | Marianas[57] | Endangered (USFWS)[14] | |
Hedyotis laciniata Kaneh.[58] | Gentianales | Marianas[58] | Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam)[59] | ||
Claoxylon marianum Müll.Arg.[60] | Katot[9] | Malpighiales | Marianas[60] | Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam)[61] | |
Nervilia jacksoniae Rinehart & Fosberg[62] | No known common name[14] | Asparagales | Marianas[62] | Threatened (USFWS)[11] | |
Maesa walkeri Fosberg & Sachet[63] | No known common name[14] | Ericales | Marianas[63] | Threatened (USFWS)[11] | |
Dendrobium guamense Ames[64] | No known common name[14] | Asparagales | Marianas[64] | Threatened (USFWS)[14] | |
Trachoma guamense (Ames) Garay (synonym: Tuberolabium guamense)[65] | No known common name[14] | Asparagales | Marianas[65] | Threatened (USFWS)[14] | |
Canavalia megalantha Merr.[66] | Fabales | Marianas[66] | |||
Dischidia puberula Decne.[67] | Gentianales | Marianas[67] | |||
Jasminum marianum DC.[68] | Banago[9] | Lamiales | Marianas[68] | ||
Eugenia palumbis Merr.[69] | Agatelang[9] | Myrtales | Marianas[69] | ||
Drypetes dolichocarpa Kaneh.[70](synonym: Drypetes rotensis) | Mwelel[71] | Malpighiales | Marianas[70] | ||
Macaranga thompsonii Merr.[72] | Pengua[9] | Malpighiales | Marianas[72] | ||
Ochrosia mariannensis A.DC.[73] | Langiti[76] | Gentianales | Marianas[73] | ||
Discocalyx megacarpa Merr.[77] | Otot[9] | Ericales | Marianas[77] | ||
Discocalyx ladronica Mez[78] | Ericales | Marianas[78] | |||
Piper guahamense C.DC.[79] | Pupúlu aniti[9] | Piperales | Marianas[79] | ||
Piper salicinum Opiz[80] | Piperales | Marianas[80] | |||
Ischaemum longisetum Merr.[81] | Poales | Marianas[81] | |||
Cyrtandra agrihanensis Ohba[2] | Lamiales | Marianas[2] | |||
Premna mariannarum Schauer[82] | Lamiales | Marianas[82] | |||
Premna paulobarbata H.J.Lam[83] | Lamiales | Marianas[83] | |||
Corchorus tiniannensis Hosok.[84] | Malvales | Marianas[84] | |||
Grammatophyllum schmidtianum Schltr.[85] | Asparagales | Marianas[85] | |||
Bikkia longicarpa Valeton[86] | Gentianales | Marianas[86] | |||
Allophylus laetus Radlk.[87] | Sapindales | Marianas[87] | |||
Tarenna sambucina var. glabra (Merr.) Fosberg & Sachet[88] | Smagdara[9] | Gentianales | Marianas[88] | ||
Callicarpa lamii Hosok.[89] | Lamiales | Marianas[89] (Guam, Rota, Aguiguan, Tinian, Saipan, Alamagan, Pagan, Agrihan) | |||
Callicarpa candicans var. paucinervia (Merr.) Fosberg[90] | Hamlag[9] | Lamiales | Marianas[90] |
Plants endemic to the Pacific islands, including the Mariana Islands
editThe following list includes plants that are native to the Marianas but have a broader native range in Micronesia or the Pacific islands. Plants with native ranges into the Asian continent are not included.
Only species or subspecies that are recognized as "accepted" by the Plants of the World Online database are included in this list (synonyms are not include). Some synonyms are listed with the accepted name if they are still in common use in recent botanical literature. This list is not complete and may not reflect recent changes in taxonomy. An updated and complete list can be generated on the Plants of the World Online.[2]
Plants are listed roughly in order by size of their native range, beginning with plants with the most restricted native ranges.
Image | Scientific name | Chamorro name(s) | Order | Native Distribution | Conservation status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phreatia thompsonii Ames[91] | Asparagales | Guam, Pohnape[91] | |||
Meryta senfftiana Volkens[92] | Apiales | Saipan to Caroline Islands[92] | |||
Phyllanthus marianus Müll.Arg.[93] | Gaogao uchan[9] | Malpighiales | Marianas to Caroline Islands (Ulithi)[93] | ||
Psychotria mariana Bartl. ex DC.[94] | Aplokating[9] | Gentianales | Marianas to Caroline Islands (Fais)[94] | ||
Ixora triantha Volkens[95] | Guaguat[96] | Gentianales | Marianas, Caroline Islands (Yap)[95] | ||
Elaeocarpus joga Merr.[97] | Yoga[9] | Oxalidales | Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau)[97] | ||
Zeuxine fritzii Schltr.[98] | Asparagales | Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau)[98] | |||
Zeuxine ovata (Gaudich.) Garay & W.Kittr.[99] | Asparagales | Marianas, Caroline Islands (Palau)[99] | |||
Artocarpus mariannensis Trécul[100] | Dugdug[9] | Rosales | Marianas to Caroline Islands (Palau)[100] | ||
Heritiera longipetiolata Kaneh.[101] | Ufa hålom tåno'[14] | Malvales | Marianas to Caroline Islands (Pohnpei)[101] | Endangered (USFWS)[14] | |
Glochidion marianum Müll.Arg.[102] (synonym: Phyllanthus mariannensis)[103] | Chosgu[104] | Malpighiales | Guam and Caroline Islands[103] | ||
Taeniophyllum marianense Schltr.[105] | Asparagales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[105] | |||
Hedyotis fruticulosa (Volkens) Merr.[106] | Gentianales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[106] | |||
Ficus microcarpa var. saffordii (Merr.) Corner[107] | Nunu
(same common name as Ficus prolixa)[9] |
Rosales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[107] | ||
Tephrosia mariana DC.[108] | Fabales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[108] | |||
Sporobolus farinosus Hosok.[109] | Poales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[109] | |||
Coelogyne guamensis Ames[110] | Asparagales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[110] | |||
Thelypteris maemonensis (W.H.Wagner & Grether) B.C.Stone[111] (synonym: Cyclosorus maemonensis) | Polypodiales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[111] | |||
Elatostema calcareum Merr.[112] | Tupun ayuyu[113] | Rosales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[112] | ||
Xylosma nelsonii Merr.[114] | Malpighialies | Marianas, Caroline Islands[114] | |||
Gymnosporia thompsonii Merr.[115] (synonym: Maytenus thompsonii) | Luluhot[9] | Celastrales | Marianas to Caroline Islands[115] | ||
Aglaia mariannensis Merr.[116] | Mapuñao[9] | Sapindales | Marianas to Caroline Islands[116] | ||
Melastoma malabathricum var. mariannum (Naudin) Fosberg & Sachet[117] | Gafao[9] | Myrtales | Marianas, Caroline Islands[117] | ||
Sphaeropteris aramaganensis (Kaneh.) R.M.Tryon[118] | Cyatheales | South Kazan-retto to Marianas[118] | |||
Digitaria mezii Kaneh.[119] | Poales | Marianas, New Guinea[119] | |||
Cycas micronesica K.D.Hill[120] | Fadang[14] | Cycadales | Marianas, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands)[120] | Endangered (IUCN); Threatened (USFWS)[14] | |
Melochia villosissima (C.Presl) Merr.[121] | Sayåfii[122] | Malvales | Kazan-retto (Minami-Iōtō) to northwestern Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas)[121] | ||
Myoporum boninense Koidz.[123] | Lamiales | Ogasawara-shoto, Marianas, New South Wales | |||
Ixora casei Hance[124] | Gentianales | Northwest Pacific to Gilbert Islands (Caroline Is., Gilbert Is., Marianas, Marshall Is.)[124] | |||
Dendrocnide latifolia (Gaudich.) Chew[125] | Kahtat[9] | Rosales | Solomon Islands to W. Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas, New Caledonia, Solomon Is., Vanuatu)[125] | ||
Freycinetia reineckei Warb.[126] | Fianiti[122] | Pandanales | Western Pacific (Caroline Is., Marianas, Samoa, Vanuatu)[126] | ||
Myrtella bennigseniana (Volkens) Diels[127] | Myrtales | Marianas, Caroline Is., New Guinea[127] | |||
Hernandia labyrinthica Tuyama[128] | Laurales | Marianas, New Guinea, Solomon Is.[128] | |||
Medinilla medinillana (Gaudich.) Fosberg & Sachet[129] | Myrtales | Sulawesi, Maluku New Guinea, and Marianas[129] | |||
Leptopetalum foetidum (G.Forst.) Neupane & N.Wikstr.[130] | Gentianales | Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu[130] | |||
Vitex cofassus Reinw. ex Blume | Lamiaceae | Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Maluku, Marianas, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Sulawesi[131] | |||
Ficus prolixa G.Forst. | Nunu
(same common name as Ficus microcarpa var. microcarpa)[9] |
Moraceae | Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Line Is., Marianas, Marquesas, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.[132] | ||
Eugenia reinwardtiana (Blume) DC.[133] | A'abang | Myrtales | Jawa (Kangean Island) to Pacific (Borneo, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, New Guinea, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Western Australia)[133] | ||
Merrilliodendron megacarpum (Hemsl.) Sleumer[134] | Faniok[9] | Icacinales | Philippines to W. Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Marianas, New Guinea, Philippines, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Vanuatu)[134] | ||
Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia (Lam.) Fici[135]
(synonym: Capparis mariana) |
Atkåpares | Brassicales | Central Malesia to western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Lesser Sunda Is., Marianas, Marshall Is., Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.)[135] | ||
Grewia prunifolia A.Gray[136] | Agilau[9] | Malvales | Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.[136] | ||
Gynochthodes myrtifolia (synonym: Morinda umbellata var. glandulosa (Merr.) Fosberg)[137] | Gentianales | G. myrtifolia: western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.)[137] | Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) (listed as Morinda umbellata)[138] | ||
Heliotropium anomalum Hook. & Arn.[139] | Boraginales | Caroline Is., Cook Is., Hawaii, Line Is., Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Wake I.[139] | |||
Geniostoma rupestre var. glaberrimum (Benth.) B.J.Conn[140] | Måhlok håyu
Anasser[9] |
Gentianales | Solomon Islands to western and southern Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.)[140] | ||
Solanum repandum G.Forst.[141] (synonym: Solanum mariannense) | Solanales | Bismarck Archipelago, Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, Marquesas, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Vanuatu[141] (Solanum mariannense previously reported to be endemic to Rota)[1] | |||
Sphaeropteris lunulata (G.Forst.) R.M.Tryon (often listed as its synonym, Cyathea lunulata (G.Forst.) Copel.[142] | Chacha[9] | Cyatheales | Bismarck Archipelago to western Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.)[143] | Cyathea lunulata (synonymous name) is considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam)[144] | |
Cocos nucifera L.[145] | Niyok (coconut) | Arecales | Central Malesia to SW. Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Maluku, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Vanuatu)[145] | ||
Bikkia tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich.[146] | Gausali[9] | Gentianales | New Guinea to western Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Marianas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Solomon Is., Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.)[146] | ||
Polyscias macgillivrayi (Benth.) Harms[147]
Synonym: Polyscias grandifolia |
Pepega[9] | Apiales | New Guinea to western Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Gilbert Is., Marianas, New Guinea, Queensland, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is.)[147] | ||
Meiogyne cylindrocarpa (Burck) Heusden[148] | Paipai[9] | Magnoliales | Malesia to Marianas and N. Australia (Borneo, Jawa, Marianas, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Vanuatu, Western Australia)[148] | ||
Paratrophis pendulina (Endl.) E.M.Gardner[149] (synonym: Streblus pendulinus)[150] | Rosales | E. New Guinea to E. Australia and Pacific (Caroline Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Norfolk Is., Queensland, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu)[149] | |||
Psydrax odoratus subsp. odoratus[151] | Gentianales | Caroline Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu[152] | |||
Schoenus maschalinus Roem. & Schult. | Cyperaceae | Chatham Is., Marianas, New Guinea, New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Philippines, Queensland, South Australia, Sumatera, Tasmania, Victoria[153] | |||
Tristiropsis acutangula[154][155]
(synonym, Tristiropsis obtusangula)[156] |
Fai'a[9] | Sapindales | Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Caroline Is., Christmas I., Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, New Guinea, Philippines, Queensland, Solomon Is., Sulawesi[157] | ||
Trichomanes atrovirens (C.Presl) Kunze | Hymenophyllaceae | Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Maluku, Nansei-shoto, New Guinea, New South Wales, Norfolk Is., Philippines, Queensland, Santa Cruz Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Vanuatu[158] | |||
Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth.[159] | Gentianales | Papuasia to Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Marianas, Marquesas, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.)[159] | |||
Asplenium laserpitiifolium Lam.[160] | Polypodiales | Nansei-shoto to Malesia and Pacific (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Fiji, Kazan-retto, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Ogasawara-shoto, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Sulawesi, Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.)[160] | Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam) | ||
Alyxia stellata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Roem. & Schult.[161] | Lodosong lahe
Nanago[9] |
Gentianales | Northeast Queensland to Pacific (Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Hawaii, Marianas, Marquesas, New Caledonia, Niue, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is.)[161] | ||
Pandanus tectorius Parkinson[162] | Kafo
Aggag[9] |
Pandanales | Philippines to Pacific and eastern Australia (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Is., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Is., Hawaii, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Line Is., Maluku, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Niue, Philippines, Pitcairn Is., Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Society Is., Solomon Is., Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wake I., Wallis-Futuna Is.)[162] |
Plants formerly considered or currently proposed to be endemic to the Mariana Islands
editThe following list includes select species or variants that have previously been considered endemic to the Mariana Islands, and may still be listed as such in certain publications, but are not considered to be valid species according to the Plants of the World Online database. Also included here are species that have more recently been proposed to be distinct species or subspecies, but have not yet been accepted.
Scientific name | Chamorro name(s) | Order | Native Distribution | Conservation status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Korthalsella species (unnamed species presented at Micronesia Terrestrial Conservation Conference)[163] | Santalales | |||
Zehneria guamensis (Merr.) Fosberg[164] | Ahgaga[165] | Cucurbitales | Despite its species name, it is listed as native to China South-Central, China Southeast, Marianas, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan.[164] However, it is elsewhere described as a Marianas endemic.[166][167][168] | Considered a rare plant on Guam by GPEPP (University of Guam)[165] |
Carallia tulasnei Baill (unplaced name)[169] | Malpighiales | Marianas | ||
Melanolepis multiglandulosa var. glabrata (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg[170] (now considered a synonym of the more widespread Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. & Zoll.) | Ålom[171] | Malpighiales | Melanolepis multiglandulosa var. glabrata (previously reported to be endemic to the Marianas[170])
Melanolepis multiglandulosa (S. Indo-China to Nansei-shoto and NW. Pacific, including Marianas) |
|
Ceratopteris gaudichaudii Brongn. (now considered a synonym of the pan-tropical Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.)[172] | Polypodiales | Ceratopteris gaudichaudii:
Ceratopteris thalictroides: pan-tropical/subtropical[173] |
||
Cerbera dilatata Markgr.[174] (now considered a synonym of Cerbera odollam Gaertn.)[175] | Chiute[176] | Gentianales | Cerbera dilatata: previously listed as a Marianas endemic[71]
Cerbera odollam: South India to Pacific[175] |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Costion, Craig (2012). "The Endemic Plants of Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Commentary" (PDF). Micronesica. 43 (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d "World Checklist of Vascular Plants: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". checklistbuilder.science.kew.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Terminalia rostrata Fosberg & Falanruw | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Leptecophylla mariannensis (Kaneh.) C.M.Weiller | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Psychotria hombroniana (Baill.) Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Psychotria hombroniana var. mariannensis (Kaneh.) Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Psychotria hombroniana var. ladronica (Hosok.) Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Psychotria hombroniana var. hombroniana | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Falanruw, Marjorie C.; Maka, Jean E.; Whitesell, Craig D.; Cole, Thomas G. (1990). Common and Scientific Names of Trees and Shrubs of Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands (PDF). Berkeley, CA: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Osmoxylon mariannense (Kaneh.) Fosberg & Sachet | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 156 Species in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands". 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ "IUCN Red List: Osmoxylon mariannense". 1998. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Nesogenes rotensis Fosberg & D.R.Herbst | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 167 Species in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands". 2022. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Derris mariannensis Hosok. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Psychotria rotensis Kaneh. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Psychotria rotensis var. rotensis | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Psychotria rotensis". Guam Plant Extinction Prevention Program. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Croton saipanensis Hosok. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Mucuna pacifica Hosok. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Phreatia ladronica Tuyama | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Hedyotis scabridifolia Kaneh. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Hedyotis scabridifolia var. scabridifolia | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Hedyotis scabridifolia var. stonei Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b Lorence, David H.; Wagner, Warren L.; Wood, Kenneth R.; Johnson, Gabriel (12 April 2020). "Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guam, Mariana Islands". PhytoKeys (169): 61–73. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.169.58107. ISSN 1314-2003. PMC 7732819. PMID 33354139. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Tinospora homosepala Diels | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Hedyotis megalantha Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Eugenia bryanii Kaneh. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Psychotria malaspinae Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Elatostema divaricatum (Gaudich.) Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Elatostema stenophyllum Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Dianella saffordiana Fosberg & Sachet | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Potamogeton marianensis Cham. & Schltdl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Psychotria andersonii Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Digitaria gaudichaudii (Kunth) Henrard | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling & Niezgoda | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Allophylus holophyllus Radlk. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Rhaphidophora guamensis P.C.Boyce | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Timonius nitidus (Bartl. ex DC.) Fern.-Vill. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Syzygium guamense Byng | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Bulbophyllum raulersoniae Deloso, Paulino & Cootes | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ Deloso, Benjamin E.; Paulino, Charles A.; Cootes, Jim (2022). "A new species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from the Mariana Islands of Guam and Rota". OrchideenJournal. 2: 57. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ a b "Crepidium alamaganense (S.Kobay.) T.Yukawa | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Peperomia mariannensis C.DC. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ "Peperomia mariannensis f. saipana (C.DC.) Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Dendrobium oblongimentum Hosok. & Fukuy. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Serianthes nelsonii Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Bulbophyllum guamense Ames | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Thelypteris gretheri (W.H.Wagner) B.C.Stone | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Thelypteris guamensis (Holttum) Fosberg & Sachet | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ "Tabernaemontana rotensis | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "Tabernaemontana rotensis (Kaneh.) B.C.Stone | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b Reynaud, D.T. 2012. USFWS Tabernaemontana rotensis genetics study-final report. Authen Technologies LLC, Albany. 27 pp. + appendices. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/Tabernaemontana%20rotensis_SR.pdf Archived 9 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Syzygium thompsonii (Merr.) N.Snow | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 12 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Solanum guamense Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b c "Phyllanthus saffordii Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Hedyotis laciniata Kaneh. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ "Hedyotis laciniata". Guam Plant Extinction Prevention Program. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Claoxylon marianum Müll.Arg. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ "Claoxylon marianum". Guam Plant Extinction Prevention Program. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Nervilia jacksoniae Rinehart & Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Maesa walkeri Fosberg & Sachet | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Dendrobium guamense Ames | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Trachoma guamense (Ames) Garay | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Canavalia megalantha Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Dischidia puberula Decne. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Jasminum marianum DC. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Eugenia palumbis Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Drypetes dolichocarpa Kaneh. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b Raulerson, L.; Rinehart, A. (1992). Trees and Shrubs of the Mariana Islands. University of Guam.
- ^ a b "Macaranga thompsonii Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Ochrosia mariannensis A.DC. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Ochrosia mariannensis var. mariannensis | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Ochrosia mariannensis var. crassicarpa Fosberg & Falanruw | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ "Propagation and establishment of native trees and shrubs for landscaping and reforestation – UNIVERSITY OF GUAM UOG STATION". Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Discocalyx megacarpa Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Discocalyx ladronica Mez | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Piper guahamense C.DC. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Piper salicinum Opiz | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Ischaemum longisetum Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Premna mariannarum Schauer | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Premna paulobarbata H.J.Lam | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Corchorus tiniannensis Hosok. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Grammatophyllum schmidtianum Schltr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Bikkia longicarpa Valeton | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Allophylus laetus Radlk. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Tarenna sambucina var. glabra (Merr.) Fosberg & Sachet | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Callicarpa lamii Hosok. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Callicarpa candicans var. paucinervia (Merr.) Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Phreatia thompsonii Ames | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Meryta senfftiana Volkens | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Phyllanthus marianus Müll.Arg. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Psychotria mariana Bartl. ex DC. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Ixora triantha Volkens | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ Fosberg, F. Raymond; Sachet, Marie-Helene; Oliver, Royce L. (1993). Flora of Micronesia, 5: Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 89. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Elaeocarpus joga Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Zeuxine fritzii Schltr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Zeuxine ovata (Gaudich.) Garay & W.Kittr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Artocarpus mariannensis Trécul | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Heritiera longipetiolata Kaneh. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "Glochidion marianum Müll.Arg. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Phyllanthus mariannensis | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ Safford, William Edwin (1905). The useful plants of the island of Guam; with an introductory account of the physical features and natural history of the island, of the character and history of its people, and of their agriculture. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Libraries. pp. 225, 283–284. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.29867. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Taeniophyllum marianense Schltr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Hedyotis fruticulosa (Volkens) Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Ficus microcarpa var. saffordii (Merr.) Corner | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Tephrosia mariana DC. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Sporobolus farinosus Hosok. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Coelogyne guamensis Ames | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Thelypteris maemonensis (W.H.Wagner & Grether) B.C.Stone | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Elatostema calcareum Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ Lauren Gutierrez (3 August 2010), Elatostema calcareum, archived from the original on 22 March 2023, retrieved 22 March 2023
- ^ a b "Xylosma nelsonii Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Gymnosporia thompsonii Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Aglaia mariannensis Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Melastoma malabathricum var. mariannum (Naudin) Fosberg & Sachet | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Sphaeropteris aramaganensis (Kaneh.) R.M.Tryon | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Digitaria mezii Kaneh. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Cycas micronesica K.D.Hill | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Melochia villosissima (C.Presl) Merr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Myoporum boninense Koidz. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ a b "Ixora casei Hance | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Dendrocnide latifolia (Gaudich.) Chew | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Freycinetia reineckei Warb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Myrtella bennigseniana (Volkens) Diels | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Hernandia labyrinthica Tuyama | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Medinilla medinillana (Gaudich.) Fosberg & Sachet | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Leptopetalum foetidum (G.Forst.) Neupane & N.Wikstr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ "Vitex cofassus Reinw. ex Blume | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
- ^ "Ficus prolixa G.Forst. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Eugenia reinwardtiana (Blume) DC. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Merrilliodendron megacarpum (Hemsl.) Sleumer | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia (Lam.) Fici | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Grewia prunifolia A.Gray | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Morinda umbellata var. glandulosa (Merr.) Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ "Morinda umbellata". Guam Plant Extinction Prevention Program. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Heliotropium anomalum Hook. & Arn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Geniostoma rupestre var. glaberrimum (Benth.) B.J.Conn | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Solanum repandum G.Forst. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ "Cyathea lunulata (G.Forst.) Copel. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ "Sphaeropteris lunulata (G.Forst.) R.M.Tryon | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ "Cyathea lunulata". Guam Plant Extinction Prevention Program. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Cocos nucifera L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Bikkia tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Polyscias macgillivrayi (Benth.) Harms | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Meiogyne cylindrocarpa (Burck) Heusden | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Paratrophis pendulina (Endl.) E.M.Gardner | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ "Streblus pendulinus (Endl.) F.Muell. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ "Psydrax odoratus subsp. odoratus | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ Mohamed, SM (July 2008). "Chemical and biological evaluation of Lathyrus odoratus L. flowers". Planta Medica. 74 (09). doi:10.1055/s-0028-1084358. ISSN 0032-0943.
- ^ "Schoenus maschalinus Roem. & Schult. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
- ^ "Tristiropsis acutangula Radlk. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "Figure 1: The pronotum of H. obtusangula sp. nov". doi:10.7717/peerj.10618/fig-1.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "FAIA: Tristiopsis obtusangula" (PDF). University of Guam (UOG) Cooperative Extension & Outreach. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ "Tristiropsis acutangula Radlk. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
- ^ "Trichomanes atrovirens (C.Presl) Kunze | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Asplenium laserpitiifolium Lam. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Alyxia stellata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Roem. & Schult. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Pandanus tectorius Parkinson | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ "Marianas Terrestrial Conservation Conference | Tåno, Tåsi, yan Todu was live. | By Tåno, Tåsi, yan Todu | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Zehneria guamensis (Merr.) Fosberg | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Zehneria guamensis". Guam Plant Extinction Prevention Program. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ Mabmba, J.P. (2009). "Studies on the biology, host specificity, and feeding behavior of Acythopeus cocciniae O'Brien and Pakaluk (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae) and Zehneria guamensis (Merrill) Fosberg (Cucurbitaceae)" (PDF). Micronesica. 41 (1): 71–82. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Carallia tulasnei Baill. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Melanolepis multiglandulosa var. glabrata (Müll.Arg.) Fosberg". www.gbif.org. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "Medicinal Plants of Guam" (PDF). University of Guam (UOG) College of Natural & Applied Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ "Ceratopteris gaudichaudii in Global Plants on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ "Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ "Cerbera dilatata Markgr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Cerbera odollam Gaertn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ Tuquero, Joseph; Laurent, Christine B. (2019). "CHIUTE: Cerbera dilatata" (PDF). Cooperative Extension & Outreach, College of Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Guam (UOG). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.