List of current ships of the Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) is tasked to provide maritime security along the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic coasts of Canada, exercise Canada's sovereignty over the Arctic archipelago, and support Canada's multi-national and bilateral interests overseas. It comprises the Pacific Fleet at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt, and the Atlantic Fleet at CFB Halifax. CFB Esquimalt is on Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, and is home to 15 vessels and 6,000 staff, the headquarters for Maritime Forces Pacific, His Majesty's Canadian (HMC) Dockyard Esquimalt, Fleet Maintenance Facility – Cape Breton (FMF-CB), Fire Fighting and Damage Control School, the Naval Officer Training Centre (NOTC Venture), and extensive housing. CFB Halifax is home port for the 18 vessels of the Canadian Atlantic Fleet and situated in Halifax, Nova Scotia. CFB Halifax employs 7,000 civilians and military staff, and hosts the Canadian Atlantic Fleet headquarters, HMC Dockyard Halifax, FMF Cape Scott, extensive maritime research facilities, an ammunition depot, and the four maritime squadrons of the Royal Canadian Air Force that deploy helicopters aboard ships.[1][2] The Canadian Armed Forces are currently constructing a new naval facility at Nanisivik, Baffin Island, to provide a summer port for RCN patrols in the Canadian Arctic.[3]

Ensign of Royal Canadian Navy since 2013

With the loss of area air defence capabilities in 2015 (and, temporarily, at-sea replenishment capabilities), the RCN was, at that time, classified as a Rank 5 navy (offshore regional coastal defence) on the Todd-Lindberg navy classification system, dropping from Rank 3 (multiregional power projection).[4] Commissioned vessels are designated as 'His Majesty's Canadian Ship' (HMCS), minor ships as 'Patrol Craft Training' (PCT) and auxiliaries as 'Canadian Forces Auxiliary Vessel' (CFAV).[5]

Submarines

edit
 
HMCS Corner Brook entering St. John's harbour, Newfoundland

The Victoria class are British-built diesel-electric fleet submarines designed in the late 1970s to supplement the Royal Navy's nuclear submarine force. They were decommissioned at the end of the Cold War. In 1998, Canada purchased the submarines to replace the aging Oberon-class submarines. Refit for Canadian service included the removal of sub-Harpoon missile firing and mine-laying capabilities, installation of torpedo launch systems and upgrades to weapons and fire control systems. Each vessel holds 53 crew.[6]

Class Boat Pennant Armament Displacement Propulsion Service
Builder Laid down Commissioned Fleet
Upholder/Victoria class HMCS Victoria SSK 876
  • 2,220 t surfaced
  • 2,439 t submerged
  • Diesel-electric (37 MW (50,000 hp))
  • 2 Paxman Valenta 16 RPA diesel generators, 4,070 hp (3,030 kW)
  • 2 GEC, 5,000 kW (6,700 hp) motor-generators
Cammell Laird 12 August 1987 December 2000 Pacific
HMCS Windsor SSK 877 Cammell Laird 13 March 1990 October 2003 Atlantic
HMCS Corner Brook SSK 878 Cammell Laird 10 January 1989 March 2003 Pacific
HMCS Chicoutimi SSK 879
  • 2,296 t surfaced
  • 2,540 t submerged
Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering February 1983 September 2015 Pacific

Frigates

edit
 
HMCS Fredericton, a Halifax-class frigate

The Halifax-class frigates are multi-role vessels with anti-submarine, anti-aircraft and anti-ship capability. In response to recent global security interests, the role of the class has shifted from open ocean to littoral engagement. Innovations in operational tactics have allowed the vessels of this class to adapt to new asymmetric surface threats. To ensure effective long-term capacity in this new threat environment the ships are underwent a refit, including passive and active weapons, radars, and new combat architecture to meet the modern requirements. As of 2018, all twelve ships had been refitted. Each holds a complement of 225 officers and crew. All ships of the class are named after major Canadian cities.[7][8]

Class Ship Pennant Armament Displacement Propulsion Service
Builder Laid down Commissioned Fleet
Halifax class HMCS Halifax FFH 330
  • 3,995 t (light)
  • 4,795 t (operational)
  • 5,032 t (deep load)
Saint John Shipbuilding 19 March 1987 29 June 1992 Atlantic
HMCS Vancouver FFH 331 Saint John Shipbuilding 19 May 1988 23 August 1993 Pacific
HMCS Ville de Québec FFH 332 Davie Shipbuilding 16 December 1988 14 July 1994 Atlantic
HMCS Toronto FFH 333 Saint John Shipbuilding 22 April 1989 29 July 1993 Atlantic
HMCS Regina FFH 334 Davie Shipbuilding 6 October 1989 29 December 1993 Pacific
HMCS Calgary FFH 335 Davie Shipbuilding 15 June 1991 12 May 1995 Pacific
HMCS Montréal FFH 336 Saint John Shipbuilding 8 February 1991 21 July 1994 Atlantic
HMCS Fredericton FFH 337 Saint John Shipbuilding 25 April 1992 10 September 1994 Atlantic
HMCS Winnipeg FFH 338 Saint John Shipbuilding 20 March 1993 23 June 1995 Pacific
HMCS Charlottetown FFH 339 Saint John Shipbuilding 18 December 1993 9 September 1995 Atlantic
HMCS St. John's FFH 340 Saint John Shipbuilding 24 August 1994 16 June 1996 Atlantic
HMCS Ottawa FFH 341 Saint John Shipbuilding 29 April 1995 28 September 1996 Pacific

Offshore patrol ships

edit
 
HMCS Harry DeWolf under construction, May 2018

The Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessels are warships from the Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ship (AOPS) procurement project, part of the National Shipbuilding Strategy. In July 2007 the federal government announced plans for acquiring six to eight icebreaking warships for the RCN. The class is based on the Norwegian Coast Guard ship NoCGV Svalbard, and is named after Vice Admiral Harry DeWolf. The class is equipped with a hangar and flight deck and can operate the Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone. The ships can deploy with multiple payloads, including shipping containers, underwater survey equipment or landing craft and have a 20-tonne (20-long-ton; 22-short-ton) crane for loading and unloading. They are for use in the Arctic regions of Canada for patrol and support within Canada's exclusive economic zone.[9][10][11]

Class Ship Pennant Armament Displacement Propulsion Service
Builder Laid down Commissioned Fleet
Harry DeWolf class HMCS Harry DeWolf AOPV 430 6615 t
  • Diesel-electric
  • 2 shafts
  • 2 × 4.5 MW (6,000 hp)
Irving Shipbuilding 11 March 2016 26 June 2021[12] Atlantic
HMCS Margaret Brooke AOPV 431 29 May 2017 28 October 2022[13] Atlantic
HMCS Max Bernays AOPV 432 5 December 2018 3 May 2024 Pacific
HMCS William Hall AOPV 433 17 February 2021 16 May 2024 Atlantic

Maritime coastal defence vessels

edit
 
HMCS Nanaimo and HMCS Saskatoon, two Kingston-class maritime coastal defence vessels

The Kingston-class coastal defence vessels are multi-role vessels built and launched from the mid- to late-1990s and are crewed by a combination of Naval Reserve and Regular-Force personnel. Each vessel displaces 970 t and runs with a complement of between 31 and 47 officers and crew. Their main missions are counter narcotics, coastal surveillance, sovereignty patrol, route survey, and training. The ships' capabilities include a mechanical minesweeping system, a route survey system, and a bottom object inspection vehicle.[14][15]

Class Ship Pennant Armament Displacement Propulsion Service
Builder Laid down Commissioned Fleet
Kingston class HMCS Kingston MM 700 970 t
  • 2 × Jeumont DC electric motors
  • 4 × 600VAC Wärtsilä SACM V12 diesel alternators
Halifax Shipyards 12 December 1994 21 September 1996 Atlantic
HMCS Glace Bay MM 701 Halifax Shipyards 28 April 1995 26 October 1996 Atlantic
HMCS Nanaimo MM 702 Halifax Shipyards 11 August 1995 10 May 1997 Pacific
HMCS Edmonton MM 703 Halifax Shipyards 8 December 1995 21 June 1997 Pacific
HMCS Shawinigan MM 704 Halifax Shipyards 26 April 1996 14 June 1997 Atlantic
HMCS Whitehorse MM 705 Halifax Shipyards 26 July 1996 17 April 1998 Pacific
HMCS Yellowknife MM 706 Halifax Shipyards 7 November 1996 18 April 1998 Pacific
HMCS Goose Bay MM 707 Halifax Shipyards 22 February 1997 26 July 1998 Atlantic
HMCS Moncton MM 708 Halifax Shipyards 31 May 1997 12 July 1998 Atlantic
HMCS Saskatoon MM 709 Halifax Shipyards 5 September 1997 5 December 1998 Pacific
HMCS Brandon MM 710 Halifax Shipyards 6 December 1997 5 June 1999 Pacific
HMCS Summerside MM 711 Halifax Shipyards 28 March 1998 18 July 1999 Atlantic

Patrol & training vessels

edit
 
Wolf

Orca-class patrol vessels are primarily used for one-to-six-week long 'at sea' naval officer training. Regular force boatswains, engineers and naval communicators serve in these ships to train junior officers and non-commissioned sailors. They also patrol coastal waters for pollution infractions and fishing violations, and are frequently tasked for search and rescue operations. They operate year-round in the coastal waters of British Columbia.[16][17]

Class Ship Pennant Armament Displacement Propulsion Service
Builder Accepted Fleet
Orca class Orca PCT 55 Unarmed (fitted for but not with M2 machine gun) 210 t 2 × Caterpillar 3516B diesel engines, 1,900 kW (2,500 hp) each Victoria Shipyards 9 November 2006 Pacific
Raven PCT 56 15 March 2007
Caribou PCT 57 31 July 2007
Renard PCT 58 13 September 2007
Wolf PCT 59 29 November 2007
Grizzly PCT 60 19 March 2008
Cougar PCT 61 2 October 2008
Moose PCT 62 27 November 2008


Support and auxiliary vessels

edit
 
MV Asterix arrives at Pearl Harbor, June 2018

Interim auxiliary replenishment vessel

edit

Sail training ships

edit
 
HMCS Oriole is the oldest commissioned ship in the navy.[18]
  • HMCS Oriole (KC 480)
  • HMSTV Goldcrest (KC 2355)
  • HMSTV Tuna (KC 2372)

Torpedo and sound ranging vessels

edit
  • CFAV Sikanni (YTP 611)
  • CFAV Stikine (YTP 613)

Yard diving tenders

edit
  • Unnamed (YDT 11)
  • CFAV Granby (YDT 12)
  • CFAV Tonnerre (YDT 21)
  • CFAV Sechelt (YDT 610)
  • CFAV Sooke (YDT 612)

Fireboats

edit

Tugboats

edit

[19]

Yard auxiliary general

edit
  • CFAV Pelican (YAG 4)
  • CFAV Gemini (YAG 650)
  • CFAV Pegasus (YAG 651)
  • CFAV Albatross (YAG 661)
  • CFAV Black Duck (YAG 660)

Development and procurement

edit

The National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy will invest more than $60 billion into the development of Arctic capable patrol vessels, frigate-class surface warships, and long-range auxiliary supply vessels. Delivery has been initiated on a class of six Harry DeWolf-class vessels under the Arctic Patrol Ship Project (AOPS). (A further two AOPS are planned for the Canadian Coast Guard).[20][21]

Submarines

edit

Canada has been encouraged to invest in new submarines.[22] In July 2024, Canada launched the process to acquire up to 12 conventional attack submarines.[23]

Potential suppliers:

  • Germany and Norway offered to Canada a collaboration on the Arctic defence and the Type 212CD submarine.[24] Canada signed a letter of intent to establish a maritime partnership, but it does not commit Canada to the purchase of the Type 212CD.[25]
  • South Korea approached Canada to supply its submarine to Canada.[25]
  • Sweden with Saab expressed interest in participating to a potential competition.[25]

Frigates

edit

While up to 15 warships of the River-class destroyer program is in the test module construction phase (with the first three ships having been ordered in 2024), the RCN has upgraded all current frigates with advanced systems and life extension maintenance to maximize operational capability into the 2030s.[26]

Auxiliary fleet

edit

Supply ship

edit
 
The new Protecteur class of ships will be based on the German Berlin-class replenishment ship

The commercial containership MV Asterix is currently in service as a fleet supply vessel, to meet operational requirements until the two new Protecteur-class auxiliary vessels are completed.[27][28]

Tugboats

edit

On 29 April 2019 Ocean Industries was awarded a contract to build four tugboats to replace both the Fire-class fireboat (one retired in 2014) and Glen-class tugs to be delivered beginning in 2021.[29]

Aircraft

edit

Unmanned aerial vehicles

edit

In May 2019, it was announced that the Skeldar V-200 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) would be acquired for both the RCN and Canadian Special Forces. As a light helicopter UAV, it will be capable of operating from a range of RCN vessels.[30] In addition, in 2024 the Teal 2 small quadcopter for light intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTAR) tasks was acquired, while the RCN ISTAR project is expected to introduce a larger, longer-range UAV.[31] [32]

Glossary

edit
Displacement Ship displacement at full load
Propulsion Number of shafts, type of propulsion system, and top speed generated
Service The dates work began and finished on the ship and its ultimate fate
Laid down The date the keel began to be assembled
Launched The date the ship was launched

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "Royal Canadian Navy". Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  2. ^ Gimblett, Richard. "Royal Canadian Navy". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  3. ^ Bird, Michael (4 March 2015). "Making waves: The Navy's Arctic ambition revealed". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  4. ^ Gilmore, Scott. "The Sinking of the Canadian Navy". Maclean's. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  5. ^ "Fleet & Units | Royal Canadian Navy". Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  6. ^ "Submarines". Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  7. ^ "Halifax class". Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  8. ^ "Halifax Class Frigates". Naval Technology. Kable. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  9. ^ "Arctic and offshore patrol ships". Government of Canada. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  10. ^ "Harry DeWolf-class Arctic/Offshore Patrol Ship Factsheet" (PDF). Department of National Defence. January 2015.
  11. ^ Pugliese, David (16 January 2015). "Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships to be constructed in three "mega blocks"". Ottawa Citizen.
  12. ^ Melanson, Ryan (25 June 2021). "HMCS Harry DeWolf: RCN to commission first new ship in over two decades". Government of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  13. ^ "His Majesty's Canadian Ship Margaret Brooke commissioned into service" (Press release). Government of Canada. 28 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  14. ^ "Kingston class". Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  15. ^ Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2008). Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009 (111th ed.). Surrey: Jane's Information Group. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7106-2845-9. OCLC 225431774.
  16. ^ "Fast tests keep new Canadian navy training ships on schedule". Diesel Progress North American Edition (April 2007).
  17. ^ "Orca Class". Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  18. ^ Macpherson, Ken (2002). The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910–2002. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vandall. ISBN 1-55125-072-1.
  19. ^ Mallett, Peter (17 February 2022). "More powerful tugboats coming to Auxiliary Fleet". The Lookout. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  20. ^ Rogers, Sarah (6 March 2015). "Nanisivik naval fuel station postponed until 2018: National Defence". Nunatsiaq News. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  21. ^ Bird, Michael (4 March 2015). "Making waves: The Navy's Arctic ambition revealed". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  22. ^ "Canada urged to buy new submarines capable of operating in the Arctic". The Globe and Mail. 28 June 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  23. ^ "Canada launching process to acquire up to 12 conventionally-powered submarines". canada.ca (Press release). Department National Defence. 10 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  24. ^ Brewster, Murray (20 June 2024). "Canada, Germany and Norway discussing a security pact to cover the North Atlantic and Arctic". CBC News. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  25. ^ a b c Brewster, Murray (10 July 2024). "Canada confirms plan to replace submarine fleet at NATO summit". CBC News. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  26. ^ "Halifax-Class Modernization (HCM) / Frigate Life Extension (FELEX)". National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  27. ^ Rosamond, Jon (4 October 2015). "Canada turns to Asterix for stop gap at-sea support". IHS Jane's 360. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  28. ^ "Future Protecteur class". Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  29. ^ Pugliese, David (29 April 2019). "Ocean Industries to build four tugs for the Royal Canadian Navy". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  30. ^ Ball, Mike (8 May 2019). "Canadian Armed Forces Select UMS Skeldar V-200 UAS". unmannedsystemstechnology.com. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  31. ^ Van Buul, Bradley (19 April 2024). "RCN introduces new unmanned aircraft". The Lookout. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  32. ^ "Royal Canadian Navy Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance Unmanned Aircraft System - Defence Capabilities Blueprint". Government of Canada. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2024.

Bibliography and further reading

edit