The Lincoln School for Nurses, also known as Lincoln Hospital and Nursing Home School for Nurses, and Lincoln Hospital School of Nursing, was the first nursing school for African-American women in New York City.[1] It existed from 1898 to 1961.[1][2] It was founded by Lincoln Hospital (then named The Home for the Colored Aged) in Manhattan. The hospital and nursing school, moved to 141st Street, between Concord Avenue and Southern Boulevard in Mott Haven, the South Bronx, after 1899.
Other names |
|
|---|---|
| Type | Private nursing school |
| Active | 1898[1]–September 5, 1961[2] |
Parent institution | Lincoln Hospital |
| Students | 1,864 alumnae[1] |
| Address | 141st Street, between Concord Avenue and Southern Boulevard , , New York , US 40°48′25″N 73°54′34″W / 40.8070°N 73.9095°W |
| Campus | Urban |
History
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The Lincoln School School for Nurses was the first (and only) nursing school for African-American women in New York City,[1] until the municipally funded Harlem Hospital School of Nursing was established in 1923.[3] The Lincoln School School for Nurses' first graduating class was in 1900, with a total of six graduates.[1] From 1906 to 1923 Adah Belle Thoms, a 1905 graduate, served as acting director.[4] In 1908, she, along with Martha Minerva Franklin, and Mary Eliza Mahoney, organized the first meeting of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, which was sponsored by the Lincoln School for Nurses Alumnae Association.[5]
The 1914 demographics of the hospital and nursing school has been reported as: the hospital patients were primarily white; the nursing home patients were primarily black; the doctors were white males; and the nurses and nursing students were black females.[6]
In 1928 Isabel Maitland Stewart directed the first university-sponsored studies in nursing using a research team approach. What made the survey unique was that it focused on both the nursing process and results of care in terms of patient comfort and safety.[7]
Notable alumni
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- Ianthe Blyden attended in 1946.[8]
- Phyllis Mae Dailey, first African American woman to enter the United States Navy[9]
- Florence Edmonds attended in 1917-1919.[10]
- Mary Elizabeth Carnegie attended in 1932-1936. [11] Former president of the American Academy of Nursing.
- Martha Minerva Franklin post-graduate course in 1928.[12]
- Florence S. Gaynor graduated in 1946. Executive director of Sydenham Hospital, and a director at Meharry Medical College.[13]
- Millie Essie Gibson Hale founded Millie E. Hale Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee .[14]
- Lillian Holland Harvey graduated in 1939. Dean of Tuskegee Institute Training School of Nurses.[15]
- Nella Larsen graduated in 1915. Novelist, nurse, librarian. She was involved in the Harlem Renaissance.[16]
- Hulda Margaret Lyttle attended in 1913-1914. Dean of Meharry Medical College's School of Nursing.[17]
- Adah Belle Thoms graduated in 1905. Acting director of the school from 1906 - 1923.[4]
- Helen Turner Watson graduated in 1939. Professor of nursing at the University of Connecticut.[18]
See also
edit- Estelle Massey Osborne an instructor at the school.
- Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing established 1873.
- Columbia University School of Nursing established 1892.
- Harlem Hospital School of Nursing established 1923. The second New York City nursing school to accept African-American women.
- National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses established 1908. Dissolved in 1951.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "archives.nypl.org -- Lincoln School for Nurses collection". archives.nypl.org. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ a b "NYS Nursing:Nursing Programs:Closed Nursing Programs". www.op.nysed.gov. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Established Clinical Medicine in Harlem". northbysouth.kenyon.edu. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
- ^ a b Sandra Beth Lewenson, Taking Charge: Nursing, Suffrage, and Feminism in America, 1873-1920 (1996), p.53.
- ^ "archives.nypl.org -- National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses records". archives.nypl.org. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ Hutchinson (2006), p. 6.
- ^ R. Louise McManus (1962). "Isabel M. Stewart — Foremost Researcher" (PDF). tcneaa.org. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- ^ The American Journal of Nursing 1946, p. 263.
- ^ Brookstein, Adrienne (March 8, 2022). "#VeteranOfTheDay Navy Veteran Phyllis Mae Dailey". VA News. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- ^ "Black Women Oral History Project Interviews, 1976–1981: Biographies". Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America Research Guides. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ Sullivan, Patricia (March 7, 2008). "M. Elizabeth Carnegie, 91; Advocated for Black Nurses". Washington Post. Retrieved July 24, 2014.
- ^ Davis, Althea T. (1999-01-01). Early Black American Leaders in Nursing: Architects for Integration and Equality. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9780763710095.
- ^ Sibley, John (February 10, 1971). "Pioneering Hospital Director Florence Small Gaynor". The New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
In the bleak years or the early thirties, at Lincoln High School in Jersey City, a black girl named Florence Small let herself dream of a career in nursing, an all but unreachable goal.
- ^ "Millie E. Hale called by death". Nashville Banner. Nashville Banner. 7 June 1930. p. 1. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ Shaw, Stephanie J. (1996). What Women Ought to Be and Do: Black Professional Women Workers in the Jim Crow Era. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 234.
- ^ Pinckney, Darryl, "Shadows" (review of In Search of Nella Larsen: A Biography of the Color Line, by George Hutchinson), Nation 283, no. 3 (July 17, 2006), pp. 26-28.
- ^ "Hulda Margaret Lyttle, R.N." www.mmc.edu. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ^ "Obituary of Helen Turner Watson". Hartford Courant. 1992-09-28. p. 20. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
Bibliography
edit- Hutchinson, George (2006), In Search of Nella Larsen: A Biography of the Color Line, Harvard University Press.
- "Nurses from other countries study at Lincoln School, New York". The American Journal of Nursing. 46 (4). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 263. April 1946. ISSN 0002-936X. JSTOR 3456941.