Li Tingting (Chinese: 李婷婷; pinyin: Lǐ Tíngtíng; born 1989), known professionally as Li Maizi (Chinese: 李麦子), is a Chinese activist and campaigner for gender equality, sexual harassment awareness, and sexuality. She was detained by police on the eve of International Women's Day in 2015, along with four other activists from the "Feminist Five", for planning to protest sexual harassment on public transport.[1][2]
Li Tingting 李婷婷 | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Li Tingting | |
| Born | 1989 (age 34–35) |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Other names | Li Maizi |
| Occupation | Activist |
| Known for | Gender equality advocacy |
Early life and education
editLi's parents were forced to marry as a young couple after becoming pregnant with her.[3] In 1989, Li was born in Yanqing district, the rural outskirts of Beijing.[4] Li's father worked delivering fertilizer. After her father was dismissed from his work, Li's mother took a factory job in Beijing, but continued to be responsible for all domestic matters.[3] According to Li, her father was "rather chauvinistic." She experienced domestic violence from her father when she was growing up.[3]
Li moved around and lived in different places in Beijing to pursue an education. When Li was three years old, her family moved to Shunyi district for her mother's job. At seven years old, Li moved back to Yanqing district to go to school due to her hukou. She then moved back to Shunyi after solving her hukou problem. For high school, she attended Shunyi No.10 School and chose to study the liberal arts.[4]
Discovery of lesbian identity
editLi discovered that she was a lesbian when she was in middle school. In high school, she entered into a relationship with her best friend from middle school. Li's girlfriend eventually broke up with her, because the girlfriend was afraid that others would find out about her lesbian identity, which was considered an illness by many. Li was very upset from the break up and tried to talk to another friend to seek some comfort. Rather than giving Li comfort, her friend accused her of being a "la la", a pejorative term for a lesbian. Dejected, Li tried to commit suicide but survived. This incidence prompted Li to change her name from Tingting, a feminine name, to Maizi, meaning the rice plant in mandarin. To Li, Maizi signified freedom and being down to earth. In 2008, with her new name, Li went to Chang’an Universityin Xi'an.[4] In Xi'an, Li studied public administration.
Activism
editLi's activism career started during her undergraduate studies. When a friend of hers was pregnant, Li started to give sexual education to her peers. During her second year of university, Li set up a Lesbian Community Training Group, offering counseling services and support for university students.[2] By 2013, the Group conssited of some 200 active volunteers, who advocated for equal-rights legislation and highlighted discriminatory behavior in government and business.[5] In 2011, Li learned about performance art and was immediately interested in leverage performance art in her activism.
Hurt bride
editIn 2012 Valentine's Day, she walked down a shopping street in Beijing wearing a bridal gown spattered with blood stains with two other volunteers to draw attention to domestic violence in China. Although the crowds were mainly receptive, many observers were reportedly awkward at personal matters being aired in public.[3] During the event, urban management officials followed the three women, reprimanding them for not registering their demonstration.[3] On the next day, multiple media reported the Li's demonstration.
Occupy Men's Room
editLi also led the Occupy Men's Room (Chinese: 占领男厕所) demonstration with Zheng Churan. With this demonstration, Li and colleagues protested the usual long queues in front of women's toilet. The demonstration started on Feb., 19th, 2012 in Guangzhou. As a result, Guangzhou government agreed to expand women's toilet by 150%.[6] On Feb. 26th, the same demonstration started in Beijing. This resulted in Li being questioned by the police. From 2012 to 2017, multiple demonstrations happened in major cities throughout China, resulting in a new Regulation on Public Toilet Design Standard.[6] This demonstration drew much attention from national and international media, as well as online discussion, particularly for the way it encouraged male solidarity with a gendered cause.[7]
Head shaving
editIn 2012 August, Li and four other women shaved their heads publicly in Lychee Bay, Guangzhou, China.[8] This demonstration was to protest against gender discrimination in entrance into higher education, as some institutions required girls to have higher scores than boys to be admitted.
Dongfang Bubai at a career fair
editIn 2013, at a career fair in Xi'an, Li arrived as Dongfang bubai, a fictional character with high martial arts skills. Dongfang Bubai castrated himself to fulfil the prerequisite for learning the skills in a martial arts manual known as the Sunflower Manual (葵花寶典). With this character, Li drew attention to workplace gender discrimination, as many positions only wanted male employeess.[8]
Not your green tea, nor your slut
editOn April. 8th, 2013, Li and two friends wore Sailor Moon costumes and held the sign "Not your green tea, nor your slut". With this demonstration, Li drew attention to new vocabularies, such as "green tea slut" and "black jelly ear", that are in particular discriminatory of women and protested against verbal violence.
Forced marriage
editIn a 2016 video release, Li stated that her current campaign work focusses on preventing forced marriage.[9]
Detention
editOn 6 March 2015, police officers arrived at Li's apartment where she was living with her partner. Around that time, Li and colleagues were planning a demonstration drawing attention to sexual harassment in public transportations on International Women's Day in three cities.[4] At first, since Li couldn't do anything, Li pulled out her ukulele and played a song, while her girlfriend sang.[10] Li initially did not open the door and overheard conversation between the officers that they had monitored her phone calls. She eventually opened the door when the officers called a locksmith to break through the door. Li reports that the police presented her with a blank detention warrant, searched her apartment and confiscated both her and her partner's electronics.[2] The police then took Li and her partner away in separate vehicles. Li was first taken to the local police station, where police went through her private phone calls. When requested to unlock her phone, Li took the opportunity to delete her WeChat history.[2]
On the evening of 7 March, Li was led to a basement carpark and driven away in a van. Her partner had already been released, but the van held fellow activists Wei Tingting and Wang Man.[2] The activists were subjected to repetitive questioning by authorities about the planned anti-sexual harassment activity. The questions moved on to the involvement of foreign forces, which Li reports seemed to have made the authorities extremely nervous. Li was also asked about other public protests she had been involved in. The authorities even printed images of a topless protest, censoring the activists' nipples with black crosses. The office of the NGO Li worked for was also raided, as it was through this work that she had been most involved with gender equality advocacy and LGBT work. Although the authorities wanted information about this company, Li was not in a management position. Since her release, Li has stated that the authorities would suddenly burst into the room and shout: “Li Tingting, you haven’t been honest with us, you’re lying again!” Then attempt to intimidate with non-specified new evidence.[2]
After 37 days of detention, on 13 April 2015, Li was released, along with the other four activists, who later became the Feminist Five. According to her lawyer, the release was conditional, which would allow charges to be brought against Li later.[11]
Aftermath and continual activist works
editLi has reportedly been put on the Chinese media blacklist, which means no national media will report on or converse with her.[2] The NGO Li worked for was also shut down as an example.[2]
Li graduated from the University of Essex in February 2019.[12]
Li has written opinion pieces for international media, including The Guardian, where she describes her arrest and the situation of women's rights in China.[13] She has also participated in discussion panels and given talks on feminism in China in the United States and UK.[14][15] In April 2023, Li started a new round of "Occupy Men's Room" activities in China.[16]
Li left China in the summer of 2023, and now lives in New York with her wife.
Awards
editExhibitions
editLi has had 36 exhibitions from 2005 to 2013. She had:
- 1 exhibition in 2013
- 5 exhibitions in 2012
- 5 exhibitions in 2011
- 5 exhibitions in 2010
- 9 exhibitions in 2009
- 4 exhibitions in 2008
- 5 exhibitions in 2007
- 1 exhibition in 2006 and 1 in 2005
Art
editLi Tingting's art is a contemporary modern style. Most of her pieces are watercolor, usually majority blue or pink. Her art often features landscapes, still life, and repeated or a "pile" of one object (usually plastic bottles or glasses).[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b Tang, Didi; Chang, Jack (19 April 2015). "Li Tingting released: 'Feminism is my soul,' says gay Chinese activist after 37 days in detention for campaigning against sexual harassment". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cao, Yaxue (26 July 2016). "A Cafe Chat With Li Tingting". China Change (Interview). Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Fish, Eric (16 March 2015). "The Education of Detained Chinese Feminist Li Tingting: An Excerpt from "China's Millennials: The Want Generation"". China File. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d "李麦子口述实录： "我没有犯罪。女权无罪。"". 歪脑 WHYNOT. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "The Education of Detained Chinese Feminist Li Tingting". ChinaFile. 16 March 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ a b "【李麦子专文】中国女性主义者的占领男厕运动". Womany. 11 August 2017.
- ^ 占领男厕"行动：不仅是一场"行为艺术 ['Occupy Men's Room': it's not just 'performance art']. Xinhua News (in Simplified Chinese). 27 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ a b "李麦子". Douban. 18 June 2016.
- ^ Rauhala, Emily; Liu, Liu; Xu, Yangjingjing (9 March 2016). "Chinese feminist Li Tingting speaks out a year after her detention". Daily Life. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "How Activists In China Are Fighting For Feminism". Bustle. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "Chinese police release feminist activists". The Guardian. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ "Maizi Li on Instagram: "Essex Asian Graduation Ceremony! 😏😏😏"". Instagram. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ Li, Maizi (8 March 2017). "I went to jail for handing out feminist stickers in China". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ Fish, Eric (25 July 2016). "Li Maizi of China's 'Feminist Five' Speaks Out About Detention". Asia Society. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ 活动邀请：女权行动在中国：与李麦子的对话 [Event invitation: feminist activism in China: in conversation with Li Maizi] (in Chinese and English). Zhihu. 4 March 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ "Maizi Li on Instagram: "我在乌鲁木齐中路占领男厕所🚾。工作人员说不允许去，我已经上完了。因为男厕所完全空着😤。我说厕所设计不合理，工作人员说要反馈给领导。非常不错的daily campaign。i occupied the men's room in Shanghai Urumqi Middle Road."". Instagram. Retrieved 20 April 2023.