<< July 1917 >>
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31  

The following events occurred in July 1917:

photo
Political cartoon about the East St. Louis massacre of 1917. The caption reads, "Mr. President, why not make America safe for democracy?", referring to President Woodrow Wilson's catch-phrase "The world must be made safe for democracy" (shown on the document he holds).
Federal troops at the Forbidden City in Beijing following an attempt to restore the monarchy in China.
British stretcher bearers carry a wounded man during the first day of the Battle of Passchendaele.

July 1, 1917 (Sunday)

edit
 
The first of five Cottingley Fairies photographs taken by Elsie Wright, showing playmate Frances Griffiths with "fairies".

July 2, 1917 (Monday)

edit
 
Soldiers with the Czechoslovak Legion in the trenches during the Battle of Zboriv in Eastern Europe.

July 3, 1917 (Tuesday)

edit

July 4, 1917 (Wednesday)

edit

July 5, 1917 (Thursday)

edit
 
American Expeditionary Forces Commander in Chief, General John J. Pershing.

July 6, 1917 (Friday)

edit
 
A flag bearer mounted on a camel leads the triumphal entry into Arabian port of Aqaba.

July 7, 1917 (Saturday)

edit

July 8, 1917 (Sunday)

edit
 
Canadian artist Tom Thomson

July 9, 1917 (Monday)

edit

July 10, 1917 (Tuesday)

edit

July 11, 1917 (Wednesday)

edit

July 12, 1917 (Thursday)

edit
 
Striking miners are forced at gunpoint by local posse onto a train leaving Cochise County, Arizona.

July 13, 1917 (Friday)

edit

July 14, 1917 (Saturday)

edit

July 15, 1917 (Sunday)

edit

July 16, 1917 (Monday)

edit

July 17, 1917 (Tuesday)

edit
 
Russian troops open fire on demonstrators in Petrograd.

July 18, 1917 (Wednesday)

edit

July 19, 1917 (Thursday)

edit

July 20, 1917 (Friday)

edit
 
Alexander Kerensky, Premier of Russia

July 21, 1917 (Saturday)

edit
  • British cargo liner SS Paddington was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine SM U-96 in the Atlantic Ocean, killing 29 people.[108]
  • The Henningson Engineering Company officially received its first contract, designing a power house for Ogallala, Nebraska. The engineering and architectural firm would grow to become HDR, Inc., which currently employs 10,000 people in 60 countries.[109]
  • Aircraft engine manufacturer Rapp Motorenwerke officially changed its name to Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, or BMW, following the departure of company founder Karl Rapp.[110]
  • Shoe retailer Bensonshoe was established in Leicester, England and would eventually evolve into the chain Shoe Zone.[111]

July 22, 1917 (Sunday)

edit
 
Romanian artillery firing during the Battle of Mărăști.

July 23, 1917 (Monday)

edit

July 24, 1917 (Tuesday)

edit

July 25, 1917 (Wednesday)

edit

July 26, 1917 (Thursday)

edit

July 27, 1917 (Friday)

edit

July 28, 1917 (Saturday)

edit
 
The NAACP's Silent Parade in New York City to protest racial violence.

July 29, 1917 (Sunday)

edit

July 30, 1917 (Monday)

edit

July 31, 1917 (Tuesday)

edit
 
British artillery during the Battle of Pilckem Ridge.

References

edit
  1. ^ Canadian Heritage. "Canada Day Background/How we got our national holiday". Canoe. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ Livesy, The Viking Atlas of World War I (1994) p. 134
  3. ^ "Russians Launch Great Attack On Line Of 18 Miles" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 2, 1917. July 1, 1917. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  4. ^ Richard Pipes (1990). The Russian Revolution. Knopf Doubleday. p. 407. ISBN 9780307788573.
  5. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (1990). The Search for Modern China. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 282–283. ISBN 0-393-02708-2.
  6. ^ Nathan, Andrew (1998). Peking Politics 1918-1923: Factionalism and the Failure of Constitutionalism. Center for Chinese Studies. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-89264-131-4.
  7. ^ Putnam Weale (1917). The fight for the republic in China. Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 355.
  8. ^ "72 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  9. ^ "73 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  10. ^ "74 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  11. ^ Magnusson, Magnus (2006), Fakers, Forgers & Phoneys, Mainstream Publishing, pp. 97–98, ISBN 1-84596-190-0
  12. ^ "Greece declares war on Central Powers". history.com. History. Archived from the original on 2015-04-01.
  13. ^ "Minorpowers, Greece". firstworldwar.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-14.
  14. ^ Kuthan, Pavel Jaroslav. "Zborov 1917". Valka.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  15. ^ Patrick, James (February 22, 2000). "The Horror of the East St. Louis Massacre". Exodus.
  16. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2005). World War I: Encyclopedia, Band 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 115. ISBN 9781851094202.
  17. ^ Byrkit, James. "The Bisbee Deportation." In American Labor in the Southwest. James C. Foster, ed. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1982. ISBN 0-8165-0741-4
  18. ^ "Tueton Front Falling Back Toward Lemberg" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 4, 1917. July 3, 1917.
  19. ^ Putnam Weale (1917), p. 360
  20. ^ "Naval Station Norfolk - History". CNIC. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  21. ^ "Auditorium Will Be Opened Today". The Oregonian. July 4, 1917. p. 16. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
  22. ^ "Festival Charms City Music Lovers; Oratorio Opens New Auditorium". The Oregonian. July 5, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
  23. ^ Pershing, John J. (1931). My Experiences in the World War.
  24. ^ Putnam Weale (1917), pp. 364-366
  25. ^ "Amsterdam Potato Riot" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 6, 1917. July 5, 1917.
  26. ^ "UC 7". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  27. ^ Byrkit, 1982
  28. ^ Taylor, H.A. (1974). Fairey Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam. pp. 67–68. ISBN 0-370-00065-X.
  29. ^ Tucker 2005, p. 115
  30. ^ "HMS Itchen". Uboat.net. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  31. ^ Tim Davenport, "The National Party (1917 - 1919?)," Early American Marxism Archive, Marxisthistory.org Retrieved February 25, 2007
  32. ^ "Bhandarkar Institute, Pune". Archived from the original on 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
  33. ^ Cole, Christopher and Cheesman, E. F., The Air Defence of Great Britain 1914–1918, London: Putnam, 1984, ISBN 0-370-30538-8, p. 260.
  34. ^ Fredette, Raymond H., The Sky on Fire: The First Battle of Britain 1917–1918, New York: Harvest, 1976, ISBN 0-15-682750-6, p. 263.
  35. ^ "U 99". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  36. ^ Leonard Schapiro, The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the Soviet State First Phase 1917-1922, Second Edition, New York: MacMillan Press, 1977, p. 363
  37. ^ Moberly, Frederick James (1927). The Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914–1918. Vol. IV. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 21.
  38. ^ Barker, A. J. (18 October 2013). The First Iraq War – 1914–1918: Britain's Mesopotamian Campaign. Enigma Books. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-9824911-7-1.
  39. ^ J. S. Fraser. Telegram to Dr. James MacCallum. 10 July 1917. Transcribed on "Death On A Painted Lake: The Tom Thomson Tragedy". 2007. Victoria, BC: Great Unsolved Mysteries in Canadian History project. Gregory Klages, Research Director. http://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/thomson/tragedy/search/5252en.html
  40. ^ Flett, Brian (11 July 2002). "Research puts Vanguard loss at 843". The Orcadian. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
  41. ^ Burt, R. A. (1986). British Battleships of World War I. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 83. ISBN 0-87021-863-8.
  42. ^ Saunders, Jonathan. "Vanguard's Casualties + Survivors". www.gwpda.org. The World War I Document Archive. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  43. ^ Putnam Weale (1917), p. 367
  44. ^ Barnes, Charles Henry (1987). Handley Page Aircraft Since 1907. London: Putnam & Company, Ltd. p. 90. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.
  45. ^ Summy, Hilary. "Margaret Thorp and the Anti-Conscription Campaign in Brisbane 1915–1917". Hecate. 32 (1). St. Lucia, Queensland: Hecate Press: 59–77. ISSN 0311-4198.
  46. ^ "An Exciting Meeting". The Telegraph. 10 July 1917. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  47. ^ The Founding of Selfridge Field
  48. ^ Series "E", Volume 7, History of the 28th-43d Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  49. ^ Vogel, Frederick G. (1995). World War I Songs: A History and Dictionary of Popular American Patriotic Tunes, with Over 300 Complete Lyrics. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 175. ISBN 0-89950-952-5.
  50. ^ "For Your Country and My Country". Library of Congress National Jukebox. Library of Congress. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  51. ^ Edmonds, J. E.; Maxwell-Hyslop, R. G. B. (1993) [1947]. Military Operations France and Belgium, 1918: 26th September – 11th November, the Advance to Victory. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. V (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. pp. 117–121. ISBN 0-89839-192-X.
  52. ^ Byrkit, 1982
  53. ^ "Sinn Feiner Wins Parliament Seat". The New York Times. No. July 11, 1917. July 12, 1917. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  54. ^ Mc Donnell, Fidelma (26 September 2003). "Riches of Clare: 1917 Rising of an Irish Political Colossus". Clare Library. Clare Museum. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  55. ^ Barnette, Michael C. "City of Washington". Association of Underwater Explorers. Archived from the original on 2008-06-06. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
  56. ^ "Russians Get Halicz, Key To Lemberg" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 11, 1917. July 11, 1917.
  57. ^ Moberly 1927, pp. 23-24
  58. ^ Byrkit 1982
  59. ^ Van Goethem, Herman (2010). Belgium and the Monarchy: From National Independence to National Disintegration. Brussels: UPA. p. 113. ISBN 9789054876984.
  60. ^ Messimer, Dwight R. (2002). Verschollen: World War I U-boat losses. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-55750-475-3. OCLC 231973419.
  61. ^ Jones, Lieutenant General William K. (1987). Marine Corps Historical Division (ed.). A Brief History of the 6th Marines (PDF). United States Marine Corps. p. 161. PCN 19000310000. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
  62. ^ Putnam Weale (1917), p. 368
  63. ^ Moberly 1927, p. 25
  64. ^ Byrkit, 1982
  65. ^ Terraine, John, The U-Boat Wars 1916-1945, New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1989, ISBN 0-8050-1352-0, p. 78.
  66. ^ "101 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  67. ^ Moberly 1927, p. 25
  68. ^ "Statsarkivet i Oslo" (in Norwegian). National Archival Services of Norway. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  69. ^ Stevens, Doris (1920). Jailed for Freedom. New York, NY: Liverright Publishing.
  70. ^ "Redbreast". Uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  71. ^ Royston, Mark W. (2009). The Faces Behind the Bases: Brief Biographies of Those for Whom Our Military Bases Were Named. iUniverse Publishing. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4401-3712-9. In 1917 it was announced that the camp would be named for General Robert E. Lee, CSA.
  72. ^ Dehandschutter, Lieven (2001). Hedd Wyn. A Welsh tragedy in Flanders. Vormingscentrum Lodewijk Dosfel (Gent, Flanders, Belgium. p. 47.
  73. ^ "About - History". Uberaba Sport Club (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  74. ^ "Teuton Reserves Check Russians in South Galicia" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 17, 1917. July 16, 1917.
  75. ^ Rabinowitch, Alexander (2004). The Bolsheviks Come to Power: The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd. Haymarket Books and Pluto Press. pp. 162–163. SBN 0745322689.
  76. ^ "Lineage and Honors Information: 27th Infantry Division". United States Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  77. ^ Rabinowitch 2004, pp. 162-163
  78. ^ Ukrainian Military Club at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
  79. ^ Putnam Weale (1917), p. 368
  80. ^ "HMS Newmarket". Uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  81. ^ "C 34". Uboat.net. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  82. ^ "King George Drops His German Names" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 18, 1917. July 17, 1917. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  83. ^ "Churchill Enters British Cabinet". The New York Times. No. July 18, 1917. July 17, 1917. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  84. ^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 323.
  85. ^ Rabinowitch 2004, pp. 162-163
  86. ^ "UC 1". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  87. ^ "Lineage and Honors Information: 26th Infantry Division". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  88. ^ "Lineage and Honors Information: 29th Infantry Division". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  89. ^ Wilson, John B. (1999). "29th Infantry Division". Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades. United States Army Center of Military History. p. 319. ASIN B000OJKX1S. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
  90. ^ "Lineage and Honors Information: 32nd Infantry Division". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  91. ^ "Lineage and Honors Information: 33rd Infantry Division". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  92. ^ "Lineage and Honors Information: 36th Infantry Division". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  93. ^ "Lineage and Honors Information: 40th Infantry Division". United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  94. ^ Livesey, Anthony, ed. (1994). The Viking Atlas of World War I. Viking. p. 134.
  95. ^ "Germans Cut Gap in Russian Line" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 20, 1917. July 19, 1917.
  96. ^ A. J. Ryder, The German Revolution of 1918: A Study of Socialism in War and Revolt (Cambridge University Press, 1967), pp. 87–93.
  97. ^ "Eloby". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  98. ^ Haupt, Georges & Marie, Jean-Jacques (1974), Makers of the Russian revolution, London: George Allen & Unwin, p. 222
  99. ^
  100. ^ Judah, T. (2008). The Serbs: History, Myth, and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. New York: Yale University Press
  101. ^ "Secession of Finland Voted by the Diet" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 20, 1917. July 20, 1917. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  102. ^ "Krerensky Made Russian Premier As Lvoff Quits". The New York Times. No. July 21, 1917. July 20, 1917. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  103. ^ "Russians Mutiny As German Attack" (PDF). The New York Times. No. July 21, 1917. July 20, 1917.
  104. ^ Rabinowitch 2004, p. 163
  105. ^ Wade, Rex (21 April 2005). The Russian Revolution, 1917 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 117. ISBN 9780521602426.
  106. ^ "Diocese of Brentwood". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  107. ^ "History - The start in 1917". Umeå IK FF. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  108. ^ "Paddington". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  109. ^ "HDR Timeline". HDR, Inc. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  110. ^ "BMW Group". bmwgroup.com. Archived from the original on 2011-04-30. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
  111. ^ Our History | Shoe Zone
  112. ^ "World War: Declarations of War from Around the World". Library of Congress.
  113. ^ "Who Declared War and When". Firstworldwar.com.
  114. ^ "Istoria Militară a Poporului Român" (in Romanian). 5. Bucharest: Militară. 1988: 558. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  115. ^ Fredette 1976, p. 263
  116. ^ Fiddian Reddaway, William (1950). The Cambridge History of Poland. Cambridge University Press. p. 470. OCLC 58582739.
  117. ^ Series "E", Volume 5, Histories of the 22d to 24th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  118. ^ "Our History". St. Stephen's High School.
  119. ^ Viking 1994, p. 134
  120. ^ "Otway". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  121. ^ "British naval losses". The Times. No. 41540. London. 26 July 1917. col B, p. 6.
  122. ^ "Casualties: US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Killed and Injured in Selected Accidents and Other Incidents Not Directly the Result of Enemy Action". Naval History and Heritage Command. 3 November 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  123. ^ "Mata Hari. German Spy. World War I". Sameshield.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  124. ^ Arbuckle, Alex (May 2016). "The Dramatic Tale of Mata Hari Dancer, courtesan, scapegoat, spy?". Retronaught. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
  125. ^ Dickie, Alexander J., ed. (February 1922). "Federal Shipbuilding Yard Busy". Pacific Marine Review. Vol. 19. Pacific American Steamship Association. p. 121 – via Google Books.
  126. ^ "Simon Slåttvik". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  127. ^ Duhaime, Lloyd (2017). "Canadian Legal History: 1917, Birth of Income Tax 1917, Birth of Income Tax". Lloyd Duhaime, Barrister, Solicitor, Attorney and Lawyer (and Notary Public). Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  128. ^ Jackson, Alvin (2003). "Ch. 9: Changing the Question 1916–20". Home Rule, An Irish History 1800–2000. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-7538-1767-4.
  129. ^ "Nikon Company Profile". mitsubishi.com committee. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  130. ^ Waugh, Daniel (2007). Egan's Rats: The Untold Story of the Gang that ruled Prohibition-era St. Louis. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House.
  131. ^ "Ariadne". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  132. ^ "How Batavier II Was Sunk". The New York Times. No. August 1, 1917. July 31, 1917. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  133. ^ Guttman, Jon (2002). SPAD XII/XIII aces of World War I. Osprey Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 1841763160.
  134. ^ Brief History of St. Andrew's School. (1992). 75th Foundation Anniversary of St. Andrew's School Annual.
  135. ^ King, William, "Silent Protest Against Lynching", in W. E. B. Du Bois: An Encyclopedia, Greenwood, p. 191
  136. ^ Waxman, Olivia B. (28 July 2017). "The Forgotten March That Started the National Civil Rights Movement Took Place 100 Years Ago". Time Magazine. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  137. ^ "UB 20". Uboat.net. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
  138. ^ "1 Royal Tank Regiment History". Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  139. ^ "1st Royal Tank Regiment: History". Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  140. ^ "2nd Royal Tank Regiment". British Army units 1945 on. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  141. ^ "3rd Royal Tank Regiment". British Army units 1945 on. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  142. ^ "Diocese of Wagga Wagga". The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church. 21 May 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2007.
  143. ^ George Jackson with Robert Devlin, Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989; pp. 26-29
  144. ^ Chisholm, Hugh (1922). The Encyclopædia Britannica, The Twelfth Edition, Volume 2. New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, LTD.
  145. ^ Rössler, Eberhard (1979). U-Bootbau bis Ende des 1. Weltkrieges, Konstruktionen für das Ausland und die Jahre 1935 – 1945 (in German). Vol. I. Munich: Bernard & Graefe. p. 54. ISBN 3-7637-5213-7. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  146. ^ "Significant Earthquake CHINA: YUNNAN PROVINCE". National Geophysical Data Center. July 30, 1917. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  147. ^ "112 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  148. ^ Arnold Alanen, "The Development and Distribution of Finnish Consumers' Cooperatives in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin," in Michael Karni, Matti E. Kaups, and Douglas J. Ollila (eds.), The Finnish Experience in the Western Great Lakes Region: New Perspectives. Turku, Finland: Institute for Migration, 1975; pg. 114.
  149. ^ "Bank's home opens; United States National officers hold reception". (July 31, 1917). The Morning Oregonian, p. 9
  150. ^ Federal Writers' Project (31 October 2013). The WPA Guide to Oregon: The Beaver State. Trinity University Press. ISBN 9781595342355. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
  151. ^ Hart-Davis, Rupert (2004). "Sassoon, Siegfried Loraine (1886–1967)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35953. Retrieved 9 July 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  152. ^ Edmonds, J. E. (1991) [1948]. Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: Messines and Third Ypres (Passchendaele). History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. pp. 149–158. ISBN 978-0-901627-75-9.
  153. ^ Middletown, William D. (2004-01-11). "Colossus on the Ohio". Portsmouth Daily Times. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2016-10-05.