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José Luna Meléndez (1893 – 1960) was a Spanish military colonel and politician of Falangist ideology. During the Franco dictatorship, he would come to hold the positions of Deputy Secretary General of Falange as well as attorney in the Francoist Courts.
José Luna Meléndez | |
|---|---|
| Born | José Luna Meléndez 1893 |
| Died | 1960 (aged 66–67) |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Occupation | Solicitor (from 1946) |
| Known for | Politician |
Biography
editMilitary by profession, he reached the rank of colonel. After retiring from the army,[1] he was one of the founding members of the Spanish Falange. He presented a candidacy for Cortes during the 1936 elections,[2] although he did not obtain a deputy certificate. After the Falange was outlawed, he was arrested by the republican authorities and imprisoned.[3] As the leader of the Falange de Cáceres, he gave his support to the military conspiracy against the Second Republic.[4]
After the start of the Civil War, Luna rejoined the Falange and played a prominent role in the repression in the Extremaduran rearguard. During the war, he maintained a strong autonomous power as territorial head of the Falange in Extremadura.[5] At the end of 1939, he was designated a member of the National Council of FET and JONS.[6]
After the crisis of May 1941, he would be appointed Deputy Secretary General of the party, replacing the ousted Pedro Gamero del Castillo.[7][8] Loyal to Ramón Serrano Suñer,[9] during this time he stood out as an exalted Falangist. He would be removed from his posts in September 1942, after the Begoña attack, like ministers Valentín Galarza and José Enrique Varela.[10] Despite his complete obedience to Franco, his dismissal was decided on the grounds that he had been involved in the incident.[11] He was replaced by Manuel Mora Figueroa, a veteran of the Blue Division.[12]
Despite his fall from grace, between 1946 and 1960, he was a solicitor in the Francoist courts.[13][14]
References
edit- ^ Chaves Palacios 2000, p. 116.
- ^ Chaves Palacios 2000, p. 19.
- ^ Preston 2013, p. 177.
- ^ Chaves Palacios 1995, p. 30.
- ^ Payne 1999, p. 258.
- ^ Bowen 2000, p. 46n.
- ^ Bowen 2000, p. 100.
- ^ Payne 1997, p. 555.
- ^ Suárez Fernández 2005, p. 222.
- ^ Payne 1999, p. 381.
- ^ Payne 1999, p. 380.
- ^ Suárez Fernández 2005, p. 224.
- ^ "Luna Meléndez, José. 57. Elecciones 16.3.1943 Consejeros Nacionales (in Spanish)". Congreso de los Diputados. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ "Luna Meléndez, José. 62. Elecciones 16.5.1958 Consejeros Nacionales (in Spanish)". Congreso de los Diputados. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ Necrológica. Sepelio de los restos de don José Luna Meléndez(in Spanish), ABC, p.86 (18 September 1960)
Bibliography
edit- Bowen, Wayne H. (2000). Spaniards and Nazi Germany: Collaboration in the New Order. University of Missouri Press. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- Chaves Palacios, Julián (1995). La represión en la provincia de Cáceres durante la Guerra civil (1936-1939) (in Spanish). University of Extremadura.
- Chaves Palacios, Julián (2000). Violencia política y conflictividad social en Extremadura. Cáceres en 1936 (in Spanish). Diputación Provincial de Badajoz.
- Payne, Stanley G. (1997). Franco y José Antonio. El extraño caso del fascismo español (in Spanish). Planeta.
- Payne, Stanley G. (1999). Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977. University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- Preston, Paul (2013). El Holocausto Español. Odio y Exterminio en la Guerra Civil y después (in Spanish). Debolsillo.
- Suárez Fernández, Luis (2005). Franco (in Spanish). Ed Ariel.