Ireland (and predecessor states)
editThe executive branch of the modern state of Ireland is titled the Government of Ireland. It has had this title since the adoption of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937. The Ministry of Dáil Éireann was the cabinet of the unrecognised Irish Republic, which operated from 1919 to 1922. This overlapped with the Provisional Government which was put in place after the approval of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in January 1922. Both these cabinets ceased to operate from December 1922, on the coming into being of the Irish Free State. From 1922 to 1937, the cabinet was known as the Executive Council of the Irish Free State.
Types of government since 1919
edit| Cabinet | State | Head | Deputy | Constitution | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ministry | Irish Republic | President of Dáil Éireann[a] | N/A | Dáil Constitution | 21 January 1919 – 6 December 1922 |
| Provisional Government | Southern Ireland | Chairman | N/A | Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922 | 3 May 1921 – 6 December 1922 |
| Executive Council | Irish Free State | President | Vice-President | Constitution of the Irish Free State | 6 December 1922 – 29 December 1937 |
| Government | Ireland | Taoiseach | Tánaiste | Constitution of Ireland | Since 29 December 1937 |
Cabinets since 1919
edit- Footnotes
- ^ Éamon de Valera used the title President of the Republic from August 1921 to January 1922.
- ^ On 17 June 1919 Griffith was appointed Deputy President.[1]
- ^ a b The 4th Ministry and 1st Provisional Government held office simultaneously.
- ^ Collins was killed on 22 August 1922. Cosgrave was appointed as Chairman of the Provisional Government on 25 August 1922.
- ^ The 5th Dáil Ministry was formed on 9 September 1922 with the same composition as the Second Provisional Government
- ^ The 8th executive Council became the 1st government of Ireland on the coming into operation of the Constitution of Ireland.
- ^ On 19 June 1945 Lemass was appointed as Tánaiste after the election of O'Kelly as President of Ireland.
- ^ On 20 January 1987 Spring and the other Labour ministers resigned from government and Barry was appointed as Tánaiste.
- ^ On 31 October 1990 Lenihan was dismissed as Tánaiste and on 13 November 1990 Wilson was appointed.
- ^ On 18 November 1994 Spring and the other Labour ministers resigned from government and Ahern was appointed as Tánaiste.
- ^ On 13 September 2006 Harney resigned as Tánaiste and McDowell was appointed in her place.
- ^ On 11 July 2014 Gilmore resigned as Tánaiste and Burton was appointed in his place.
- ^ On 30 November 2017 Fitzgerald resigned as Tánaiste and Coveney was appointed in her place.
Northern Ireland
editThe current devolved branch of Northern Ireland is known as the Northern Ireland Executive, established under the Good Friday Agreement. The Executive has been in operation, intermittently, since 1999, and is current operational. Since 1921, Northern Ireland has been governed by two other devolved cabinets: Executive Committee of the Privy Council from 1921 to 1972 and the Northern Ireland Executive of 1974. Northern Ireland has also been governed by direct rule from 1972 to 1974, 1974–98 and 2002–07.
Types of government since 1921
edit| Cabinet | Head | Deputy | Act | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Executive Committee of the Privy Council |
Prime Minister of Northern Ireland | Minister of Finance[a] | Government of Ireland Act 1920 | 7 June 1921 – 30 March 1972 |
| Executive (1974) | Chief Executive | Deputy Chief Executive | Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 | 1 January 1974 – 28 May 1974 |
| Executive | First Minister | Deputy First Minister | Northern Ireland Act 1998 | 1 July 1998 – 14 October 2002 8 May 2007 – present |
Direct rule
edit- The Northern Ireland Office under the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, established initially by the Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972 and later Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.
Cabinets since 1921
edit- Footnotes
- ^ From 3 May 1969, a separate and distinct office of Deputy Prime Minister was created.
- ^ Although the 6th Assembly was elected in 2017, the Executive itself was not appointed until 2020, with no Executive existing between 16 January 2017 and 11 January 2020.
- ^ Although the 7th Assembly was elected in 2022, the Executive itself was not appointed until 2024, with no Executive existing between 4 February 2022 and 3 February 2024.
See also
edit- Irish heads of government since 1919
- Dáil election results
- Dáil vote for Taoiseach
- Elections in the Republic of Ireland
- History of the Republic of Ireland
- Politics of the Republic of Ireland
- Elections in Northern Ireland
- Politics of Northern Ireland
- Northern Ireland Assembly
- Parliament of Northern Ireland
References
edit- ^ "APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY PRESIDENT – Dáil Éireann (1st Dáil) – Tuesday, 17 June 1919". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2019.