G♭ (musical note)

${ \new Staff \with{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 } << \time 2/1 \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f { \clef bass ges1_G-flat \clef treble ges' } >> }$

G♭ (G-flat; also called Ges or sol bémol) is the seventh semitone of the solfège.

It lies a diatonic semitone above F and a chromatic semitone below G, thus being enharmonic to F♯ (F-sharp) or fa dièse. However, in some temperaments, it is not the same as F♯. G♭ is a major third below B♭, whereas F♯ is a major third above D (a minor third below A).

When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of the G♭ semitone is approximately 369.994 Hz.^[1] See musical pitch for a discussion of historical variations in frequency.

Designation by octave

Scientific designation	Helmholtz designation	Octave name	Frequency (Hz)
G♭₋₁	G♭͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵G♭ or GGGG♭	Octocontra	11.562
G♭₀	G♭͵͵ or ͵͵G♭ or GGG♭	Subcontra	23.125
G♭₁	G♭͵ or ͵G♭ or GG♭	Contra	46.249
G♭₂	G♭	Great	92.499
G♭₃	g♭	Small	184.997
G♭₄	g♭′	One-lined	369.994
G♭₅	g♭′′	Two-lined	739.989
G♭₆	g♭′′′	Three-lined	1479.978
G♭₇	g♭′′′′	Four-lined	2959.955
G♭₈	g♭′′′′′	Five-lined	5919.911
G♭₉	g♭′′′′′′	Six-lined	11839.822
G♭₁₀	g♭′′′′′′′	Seven-lined	23679.643

Scales

Common scales beginning on G♭

G♭ major: G♭ A♭ B♭ C♭ D♭ E♭ F G♭
G♭ natural minor: G♭ A♭ B C♭ D♭ E F♭ G♭
G♭ harmonic minor: G♭ A♭ B C♭ D♭ E F G♭
G♭ melodic minor ascending: G♭ A♭ B C♭ D♭ E♭ F G♭
G♭ melodic minor descending: G♭ F♭ E D♭ C♭ B A♭ G♭

Diatonic scales

G♭ Ionian: G♭ A♭ B♭ C♭ D♭ E♭ F G♭
G♭ Dorian: G♭ A♭ B C♭ D♭ E♭ F♭ G♭
G♭ Phrygian: G♭ A B C♭ D♭ E F♭ G♭
G♭ Lydian: G♭ A♭ B♭ C D♭ E♭ F G♭
G♭ Mixolydian: G♭ A♭ B♭ C♭ D♭ E♭ F♭ G♭
G♭ Aeolian: G♭ A♭ B C♭ D♭ E F♭ G♭
G♭ Locrian: G♭ A B C♭ D E F♭ G♭

Jazz melodic minor

G♭ ascending melodic minor: G♭ A♭ B C♭ D♭ E♭ F G♭
G♭ Dorian ♭2: G♭ A B C♭ D♭ E♭ F♭ G♭
G♭ Lydian augmented: G♭ A♭ B♭ C D E♭ F G♭
G♭ Lydian dominant: G♭ A♭ B♭ C D♭ E♭ F♭ G♭
G♭ Mixolydian ♭6: G♭ A♭ B♭ C♭ D♭ E F♭ G♭
G♭ Locrian ♮2: G♭ A♭ B C♭ D E F♭ G♭
G♭ altered: G♭ A B C D E F♭ G♭

References

^ Suits, B. H. (1998). "Physics of Music Notes - Scales: Just vs Equal Temperament". MTU.edu. Michigan Technological University. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2024.