The Campeiro is a breed of small horse from Brazil. It is thought to descend from horses brought to South America in the sixteenth century. Because it has an ambling gait and comes from the area of the Araucária forests of southern Brazil, it may also be known as the Marchador das Araucárias.
| Other names | Marchador das Araucárias[1] |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Brazil |
| Traits | |
| Distinguishing features | Ambling gait, small size, male height: 1.42–1.54 m[2] female height: 1.40–1.52 m[2] |
| Breed standards | |
History
editThe Campeiro is thought to descend from horses lost from the expedition of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca in 1541 from Santa Catarina Island to the new Spanish settlement at Asunción (now the capital of Paraguay).[3] It is likely that among its ancestors there are also horses lost from other Spanish expeditions in the area.[4] The horses became established as a feral population on the mainland, on the plateaux that are now parts of the states of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul, and are characterised by the Araucária moist forest biome,[4] where they became very numerous.[1][3]
The horses were first seen and reported in 1728 by the exploratory expedition of Francisco de Souza e Faria from the coast of Santa Catarina across the plateau in the direction of the settlement of Curitiba (now the capital of Paraná state). Three years later the horses were again seen, by Cristovão Pereira de Abreu, who captured some hundreds of them.[4]
When the first fazendas were established in the area, some of the horses were captured and selectively bred, particularly for their ambling gait, for many generations.[4] A breed association, the Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalo Campeiro, was formed in Curitibanos in 1976. The breed was officially recognised by the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, the Brazilian ministry of agriculture, in 1985, and a stud-book was opened.[4][5]
Characteristics
editThe Campeiro is a small horse: the average height at the withers is 1.44 metres (14.1 hands; 57 in) and the average weight 420 kilograms (930 lb).[6] The most common color is chestnut, followed by bay and gray.[6]
Use
editThe Campeiro is raised almost exclusively on the Planalto Serrano de Santa Catarina and is usually managed extensively, although working horses and those in preparation for showing or competition are usually stabled.[5]
The Campeiro is suitable for use as a saddle horse or for drawing light loads. It is often used for cattle-herding.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b Breed data sheet: Campeiro/Brazil. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2015.
- ^ a b Características (in Portuguese). Curitibanos: Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalo Campeiro. Accessed November 2015.
- ^ a b c Joandes Henrique Fonteque, Marcio Luiz Ceccatto, Renan Menegasso Bagio, Jackson Schade, Mere Erika Saito, Vera Villamil Martins, Graziela Vieira Fonteque, Edison Martins, Alexandre Floriani Ramos, Maria do Socorro Maués Albuquerque, Dirceu Costa (2015). Hematological profile, total plasma protein and fibrinogen concentrations of clinically healthy adult Campeiro horses = Perfil hematológico, concentração de proteínas totais e fibrinogênio plasmático de equinos adultos e clinicamente sadios da raça Campeiro. Ciência Rural, e-pub ahead of print. doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20141408
- ^ a b c d e Histórico (in Portuguese). Curitibanos: Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalo Campeiro. Accessed November 2015.
- ^ a b G.A. Solano, M.C. Silva, and J.R.B. Sereno. Aspectos sobre o sistema de criação de cavalo Campeiro no Sul do Brasil = Characteristics of Cavalo Campeiro Horse Production Systems in Southern Brazil (in Portuguese). Actas Iberoamericanas de Conservación Animal 1 (2011): 405–7.
- ^ a b Concepta McManus, Rui Arruda Falcão, Alvaro Spritze, Dirceu Costa, Helder Louvandini, Laila Talarico Dias, Rodrigo de Almeida Teixeira, Marcelo José de Mello Rezende, José Américo Soares Garcia (2005). Caracterização morfológica de eqüinos da raça Campeiro = Morphological characterization of the Campeiro horse breed (in Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 34 (5): 1553–1562. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982005000500015