The first banknotes used in the archipelago that would become Indonesia were those issued by the United East India Company, credit letters of the rijksdaalder dating between 1783 and 1811. Netherlands Indies gulden government credit paper followed in 1815, and from 1827 to 1842[1] and again from 1866 to 1948[2] gulden notes of De Javasche Bank. Lower denominations (below 5 gulden) were issued by the government in 1919–1920 and in 1939–1940 due to wartime metal shortages, but otherwise day-to-day transactions were conducted using coinage.
Gulden notes were issued by "The Japanese Government" during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies from 1942, becoming "roepiah" in 1943.
The first truly Indonesian rupiah notes, however, were issued in 1946, during the war of independence with the Dutch, following the unilateral proclamation of independence by the Indonesians at the end of World War II on 17 August 1945. This money is known as Oeang Republik Indonesia (ORI; oeang being the old spelling of uang ("money")).
Following the negotiated peace treaty in The Hague of 1949, the ORI was withdrawn, and replaced by an internationally recognised Indonesian rupiah.
The Indonesian rupiah has been subject to numerous devaluations, and in 1965 the existing paper was withdrawn and replaced by a new rupiah at the rate of 1,000 to 1.
Early history (1945–1950)
editFirst series (17 October 1945)
editThe first 'Indonesian rupiah' bank notes bore the date of the rupiah's proclamation, 17 October 1945, under the authority of the newly-formed republic, and were put in circulation in Java starting from 10 October 1946. The notes were in denominations of 1 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents, 50 cents, Rp1, Rp5, Rp10, and Rp100.[3]
1945 Republik Indonesia series | ||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | ||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Serial | Printing | Issue | Withdrawal | ||||
Rp0.01 | 97 × 45 mm | Green | Keris | Counterfeit warning | None | None | 1946 | 10 October 1946 | 1 May 1950 | Violet underprint | ||
Green underprint | ||||||||||||
Rp0.05 | 100 × 49 mm | Violet | Various leaves | Counterfeit warning with wings | Buffalo underprint (strong) | |||||||
Dark blue | Buffalo underprint (faint) | |||||||||||
Rp0.10 | 105 × 51 mm | Black | Keris and machete underprint | Counterfeit warning | Narrow borders | |||||||
Brown | ||||||||||||
Wide borders | ||||||||||||
Rp1⁄2 (0.50) | 119 × 58 mm | Green | Horned motif | Counterfeit warning | Six numbers two letters [01234]nnnnn [LMNPRST] [PRTUVWX] | Pink underprint | ||||||
Orange underprint | ||||||||||||
Rp1 | 138 × 65 mm | Blue | Sukarno, volcano | Volcano, counterfeit warning | Some without serial, some with six-digit, two-letter serial (1st letter is check code), some with simple two letter code | |||||||
Rp5 | 148 × 71 mm | Green | Rice stalks, Sukarno | Rice stalks, counterfeit warning | Six numbers, two letters, first letter is check code; two different serial printing styles | |||||||
Rp10 | 160 × 77 mm | Blue | Sukarno, volcano | Counterfeit warning | Six numbers, two letters, or six numbers, three letters. First letter is check code. Several serial printing styles | |||||||
Rp100 | 174 × 86 mm | Blue/green | Sukarno, keris, horned '100' | Counterfeit warning, horned '100' | Five numbers, two letters, first letter is check code. | |||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Second series (1 January 1947)
editThe second series of money now emanated from 'Djokjakarta', the Republic's base following the 'Police Action' of 21 July 1947, which had confined the Republicans to Yogyakarta and Central Java. The notes were dated 1 January 1947, in denominations of Rp5, Rp10, Rp25, and Rp100.[4]
Note | Value |
---|---|
Rp5 | |
Rp10 | |
Rp25 | |
Rp100 |
Third series (26 July 1947)
editThe next new issue was dated 26 July 1947, and consisted of Rp1⁄2, Rp2+1⁄2, Rp25, Rp50, Rp100, and Rp250 notes.[5]
Fourth series (23 August 1948)
editNew notes were issued by the national government in 1948, in the bizarre denominations of Rp40, Rp75, Rp100, and Rp400, plus an unissued Rp600 note.[6]
On 19 December 1948, the Dutch seized Yogyakarta, reverting the head office of the then-Republic's central bank Bank Negara Indonesia back to De Javasche Bank, with DJB offices also reopened in Surakarta and Kediri.[7]
It was planned in 1949 to revalue the national rupiah notes of the republic (which were at this time circulating in Java). To do this, "rupiah baru" ('new rupiah') notes were printed. This revaluation did not take place in Java, but some were issued in Aceh instead. The denominations printed were Rp0.10 sen (blue or red), Rp1⁄2 (green or red), Rp1 (purple or green), Rp10 (black or brown), Rp25, and Rp100.[8]
Regional issues (ORIDA)
editIn addition to the 'national' (but restricted in practice to the central republican enclave in Java) notes, the republican authorities, instructed regional commanders in areas that the national money couldn't reach to issue their own currency in order to discourage the circulation of Dutch money. These money were to be unified after full independence.
Rp25 note of Banten Residency, 15 December 1947
-
Obverse
Sumatra
editRp10 note of "Sumatra Province" (dated 1 January 1948)
-
Obverse
-
Reverse
Rp500 note of Bengkulu Residency (dated 1 June 1947)
-
Obverse
-
Reverse
Rp1,000 note of Bengkulu Residency (dated 1 June 1947)
-
Obverse
-
Reverse
Old Order (1950–1966)
editGulden/roepiah notes (1950–1952)
editLow denomination notes
editThe Dutch treasury had in 1947 issued Indonesian language Rp0.10 and Rp0.25 notes. Due to the initial lack of coinage and due to their relatively republic-friendly design, the Indonesian government saw it as expedient to continue to print these notes, and authorised their issue until such time as coinage had been minted, and in sufficient quantity to replace them.
Dutch 'Indonesia' notes of 1947, printed by G. Kolff & Co. | ||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | |||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signature | note | Withdrawal date | |||
Rp0.10 | 100 × 60 mm | Green / Red | Floral border | Counterfeit warning in Indonesian and Dutch | None | J.E. van Hoogstraten (Chairman of the Court of Audit), W.A. Alons (Director of Finance) | 1 December 1947 | 1 January 1957 | ||
Rp0.25 | Brown / Blue | Central floral design | ||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
De Javasche Bank notes
editThe peace settlement with the Dutch, negotiated in The Hague in November 1949, had kept De Javasche Bank as the central bank in Indonesia, hence the first notes that were issued for the post-independence rupiah bore its imprint. It was decided that the existing De Javasche Bank money dated 1946 would simply be revised in colour, with the 5 gulden note changing from purple to red and green, the 10 gulden from green to purple, and 25 gulden from red to green. In addition, 50 gulden, 100 gulden, 500 gulden, and 1,000 gulden notes were added, still dated 1946.
Because there were existing Rp0.10 and Rp0.25 notes (which remained as legal tender and continued to be printed), a gap existed between the Rp0.25 Indonesia and 5 gulden De Javasche Bank notes. This was filled with Rp1⁄2, Rp1, and Rp2+1⁄2 notes, all dated 1948.[9] The notes in wording were similar to the notes of 5 gulden and up, but the Indonesian text ('roepiah') placed above Dutch ('gulden').
The notes were all printed by Johan Enschede en Zonen based in the Netherlands.
1950 De Javasche Bank notes, printed by Joh. Enschede en Zonen | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | ||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signature | Watermark | Note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp5 | 150 × 75 mm | Green and red | Lotus flower | Counterfeit warning in Dutch, Indonesian, Javanese, and Chinese; letters DJB | 6 numbers and either 2 or 3 letters | H. Teunissen (Secretary), R.E. Smits (President) | Checkered-pattern rhombus | 1946 | 19 March 1950 | 13 December 1965 | 2 June 1950 | ||
Rp10 | Purple | Mangosteen | |||||||||||
Rp25 | Green | Coconut trees at sea shore | 18 June 1954 | ||||||||||
Rp50 | Blue | Sailboat | 13 August 1954 | ||||||||||
Rp100 | Brown | Paddy field | 18 December 1953 | ||||||||||
Rp500 | Red | 6 numbers and 2 letters | 24 August 1959 | ||||||||||
Rp1,000 | Grey | 5 March 1959 | 2 November 1954 | ||||||||||
Rp½ | 124 × 64 mm | Pink | Moon orchid | Counterfeit warning in Dutch and Indonesian; letters DJB | Letter 'A' (2 sizes), or 'AA', written fractionally over 2 numbers, followed by 6 numbers | None | 1948 | 1 December 1957 | Last of denomination | ||||
Rp1 | Blue | Coconut trees | Letter 'B' (3 sizes), or 'BB', written fractionally over either 1 or 2 numbers, followed by 6 numbers | 3 October 1951 | |||||||||
Rp2½ | Red | Jasmine | Letter 'C' (2 sizes) over 1 or 2 numbers, followed by 6 numbers | ||||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Federal (Republik Indonesia Serikat) notes (1950)
editThe RIS government passed legislation on 2 June 1950 to allow it to issue new treasury notes, which were printed by Thomas De La Rue and dated 1 January 1950 in denominations of Rp5 and Rp10.[8] This move was not long-lasting, as the federation dissolved on 17 August 1950.
1950 'Republik Indonesia Serikat' Notes, printed by Thomas De La Rue | ||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | |||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signature | Issue date | Withdrawal date | |||
Rp5 | 136 × 64 mm | Red | Sukarno | Rice field | "D" over number between 1 and 10, followed by six numbers | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara | 2 June 1950 | |||
Rp10 | Purple | "E" over number between 1 and 19, followed by six numbers | ||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Nationalisation of De Javasche Bank: first Republik Indonesia banknotes (1951–1953)
editWith the nationalisation of De Javasche Bank via the Emergency Act of 1951 which was strengthened by Currency Act of 1953, it was decreed that the government would be able to issue notes valued Rp1 and Rp2½. Thus, 'Republik Indonesia' notes dated 1951 and 1953 were issued in Rp1 and Rp2½ denominations; these were signed by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara in 1951 and Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo in 1953.
Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, first series (landscapes), 1951, printed by Security Banknote Printing Company (USA) | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | ||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signature | Watermark | Note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp1 | 127 × 66 mm | Blue | Beach with palms, rice terrace | Mountain | 2 letters, 1 above the other, 6 numbers | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara | None | "1951" | 1954 | ||||
Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo | "1953" | ||||||||||||
Rp2½ | Red | Beach with cliff, palms | Garuda Pancasila | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara | "1951" | ||||||||
Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo | "1953" | ||||||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
First ever notes issued by Bank Indonesia (1953)
editNotes featuring the new name of the nationalised De Javasche Bank, Bank Indonesia, were prepared dated 1952, in denominations of Rp5, Rp10, Rp25, Rp50, Rp100, Rp500, and Rp1,000, signed by Indra Kasoema as Director, and Sjafruddin Prawiranegara as Governor. The notes began circulating from July 1953 to November 1954 depending on denomination.
1952 Bank Indonesia notes ('culture series') | |||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | ||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Printer's mark | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp5 | 135 × 75 mm | Blue | Ibu Kartini | Floral design, serpents | 5' followed by 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 5 numbers | Thomas De La Rue | 2 July 1953 | 16 January 1961 | 1 September 1959 | ||
Rp10 | Brown | Statue of Dewi Sri | Floral design, beasts | 2 (Joh. Enschede) or 3 (Joh. Enschede/Perkeba) letters, then six numbers | Joh. Enschede en Zonen/Pertjetakan Kebajoran | 5 September 1959 | |||||
Rp25 | 142 × 82 mm | Blue | Kalpataru | Batik ship | 18 June 1954 | ||||||
Rp50 | Green | Trees/bird | Batik | 2 or 3 letters then six numbers | Joh. Enschede en Zonen | 13 August 1954 | 1 August 1959 | ||||
Rp100 | Brown | Lion statue, Diponegoro | 2 stylised birds kissing | 18 December 1953 | 15 December 1960 | 24 June 1958 | |||||
Rp500 | 150 × 90 mm | Red/green | Hindu relief | Batik | 21 September 1959 | 6 January 1959 | |||||
Rp1,000 | Green/red | Padmapani statue, Prambanan relief | Wooden dish from Kasepuhan Palace, Cirebon | two or three letters, starting W/WW, then six numbers | 2 November 1954 | 7 August 1958 | 2 September 1958 | ||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Despite the new notes, which meant that paper bearing the name of DJB was no longer printed, the DJB notes dated '1946', and in fact circulating since 1950, remained legal tender right up to the 'new rupiah' of 1965 (which invalidated ALL previous money at that point), although some old DJB notes were repealed, as follows:
- 2 March 1956: 1000 gulden '1946' note dating from 1950 withdrawn, effective 5 March 1959, due to rampant counterfeiting.
- 22 November 1957: Rp1 and Rp2½ '1948' DJB notes withdrawn, effective 1 December 1957, because these denominations of notes were the issuing privilege of the government under the 1914 Currency Act in force at the time of their issue, and hence De Javasche Bank had lacked the authority for their issue.
The few Netherlands Indies government notes (all low denomination) still legal tender were repealed as follows:
- 1 January 1954: all "Nederlandsch Indie" government money withdrawn: 1/2, 1, and 2½ gulden notes, all dating from early World War 2, 1940
- 1 January 1957: Rp0.10 and Rp0.25 "Indonesia" "1947" notes withdrawn (these were also issued by the Republic of Indonesia)
1954 government note redesign
editIn 1954, Rp1 and Rp2½ notes issued by the Indonesian government were redesigned, which were re-dated with the new Minister of Finance's signature in 1956.
Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, third series (ethnic people), 1954, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | ||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signature | Watermark | Note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp1 | 130 × 60 mm | Blue | Javanese girl | Garuda Pancasila | 3 letters, 6 numbers | Ong Eng Die | None | "1954" | 1960 | ||||
Jusuf Wibisono | "1956" | ||||||||||||
Rp2½ | Red and green | Rotinese man | Ong Eng Die | "1954" | |||||||||
Jusuf Wibisono | "1956" | ||||||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Second "Animals" series of Bank Indonesia banknotes (1958–1959)
editIn 1957, governor of Bank Indonesia Sjafruddin Prawiranegara commissioned a new series of notes from Thomas De La Rue. However, Sjafruddin's involvement with PRRI meant that he was replaced in January 1958 as governor by Loekman Hakim. Specimens were produced in denominations of Rp5, Rp10, Rp25, Rp50, Rp100, Rp500, Rp1,000, and Rp5,000, and the first of these to be brought into circulation were the Rp100 and Rp1,000 notes in 1958 due to the counterfeiting of these denominations of the 1952 series (it can be distinguished by the wavy line watermark being printed onto the paper rather than a true watermark).
In addition to the 8 notes designed, Loekman commissioned a new Rp2,500 note. Apart from the Rp100 and Rp1,000 notes, the remaining high denomination note, the Rp500, was released on 6 January 1959.
Issuance of the notes was interrupted by a devaluation of 24 August 1959, with Rp500 (tiger) and Rp1,000 (elephant) notes devalued to Rp50 (crocodile) and Rp100 (squirrel) in September 1959. The Rp2,500 and Rp5,000 notes were deemed unnecessary as a result, although continued high inflation caused the former denomination to be issued three years later, while the latter was never issued. The Rp10 and Rp25 notes were only circulated for 3 days although they remained legal tender, and are today extremely rare.
Animal Series (not dated, first printed 1957, except for the 2500 rupiah), all printed Thomas De La Rue | ||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Signature | Watermark | Serial | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp5 | 125 × 65 mm | Green and blue | Gibbon | Prambanan | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara (Governor) TRB. Sabaroedin (Director) | Diponegoro | "5" followed by 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 5 numbers | 1 September 1959 | 10 June 1962 | 19 January 1960 | ||
Rp10 | 133 × 69 mm | Brown and green | Deer | Kora Kora | "10" followed by 3 letters, then 5 numbers | 5 September 1959 | 3 January 1961 | 2 January 1960 | ||||
Rp25 | 141 × 73 mm | Brown and red | Javan rhinoceros | Tapanuli traditional house | "25" followed by 3 letters, then 5 numbers | |||||||
Rp50 | 149 × 77 mm | Red | Crocodile | Grand Mosque of Medan | "50" then 1 or 2, letters then 5 numbers | 1 August 1959 | 21 May 1965 | 19 January 1960 | ||||
Rp100 | 157 × 81 mm | Green and red | Squirrel | Istana Bogor | "100" then 1, 2, or 3 letters then 4 numbers | 24 June 1958 | 8 September 1959 | |||||
Rp500 | 165 × 85 mm | Red/green | Sumatran tiger | Rice terrace | "500" then 1 or 2 letters then 4 numbers | 6 January 1959 | 21 September 1959 | Denomination withdrawn – reintroduced 1 May 1960 | ||||
Rp1,000 | 173 × 89 mm | Blue and brown | Elephant | Fisherman | "1000" then 1 or 2 letters, then 4 numbers | 2 September 1958 | Denomination withdrawn – reintroduced 10 May 1960 | |||||
Rp2,500 | 181 × 92 mm | Green and blue | Komodo dragon | Fishing village, Martapura River | Loekman Hakim (Governor), TRB Sabaroedin (Director) | "2500" then 1 letter or 2 letters, then 4 numbers; or "2500" then 2 letters over "I" plus 5 numbers | 1 September 1962 | 13 March 1966 | Last of denomination | |||
Rp5,000 | 190 × 97 mm | Red | Bull | Merchant ship and tugboat | Sjafruddin Prawiranegara (Governor) TRB. Sabaroedin (Director) | 5000A0000 | Unissued specimen only | |||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
First Indonesian-designed notes, the "handicrafts" series (1959)
edit8 September 1959 brought the first purely Indonesian-designed notes, issued by the state printer Pertjetakan Kebajoran. Notes issued are worth Rp5 through Rp100 (see full "handicrafts" section below for full details).
Thomas De La Rue flowers and birds banknotes (1960)
editAnother series of notes, the 'flowers' series, was issued by Bank Indonesia in 1960 (showing flowers on the obverse and birds on the reverse), and dated 1 January 1959, but issued in 1960. These notes were printed by Thomas De La Rue.
Due to inflation, the TDLR Rp2,500 note of "animals" design was last issued in September 1962, becoming then the top denomination.
Flowers and birds series, dated '1 January 1959', issued 1960, printed by Thomas De La Rue | |||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | ||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Signature | Watermark | Serial | Issue date | Withdrawal date | |||
Rp5 | 125 × 65 mm | Blue and yellow | Epiphyllum oxypetalum | 4 magpie-robins | Loekman Hakim (Governor), TRB Sabaroedin (Director) | Garuda Pancasila | '5' followed by 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 5 numbers | 19 January 1960 | 13 June 1966 | ||
Rp10 | 133 × 68 mm | Red and green | Hoya flowers | 4 cockatoos | '10' followed by 1, 2 or 3 letters, then 5 numbers | 2 January 1960 | |||||
Rp25 | 141 × 72 mm | Green and blue | Nelumbo nucifera | 2 great egrets | '25' followed by 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 5 numbers | ||||||
Rp50 | 149 × 77 mm | Orange and purple | Stylised Nelumbo nucifera | 2 white-bellied fish-eagles | '50' then 1, 2 or 3 letters then 5 numbers | 19 January 1960 | |||||
Rp100 | 157 × 81 mm | Purple | Amorphophallus campanulatus | 5 rhinoceros hornbills | '100' then 1, 2, or 3 letters then 5 numbers | ||||||
Rp500 | 165 × 85 mm | Blue and red | Bougainvillea | Green junglefowls | '500' then 1, 2, or 3 letters then 4 numbers, or '500', 1 letter, 5 numbers | 10 May 1960 | 13 March 1966 | ||||
Rp1,000 | 173 × 89 mm | Black and blue | Jasmine flower | Bird-of-paradise | '1000' then 1, 2, or 3 letters, then 4 numbers, or '1000' then 2 letters over 'I', then 5 numbers | 1 May 1960 | |||||
Rp2,500 | 180 x 92 mm | Orange and red | Flowers | Great argus displaying | 2500AA0000 | Unissued specimen only | |||||
Rp5,000 | Violet | Flowers, Pura split gate | TRB Sabaroedin (Director) | Uniface proof note only | |||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
New design for government banknotes (1960–1961)
editA new design for the Rp1 and Rp2½ government notes was issued in 1960 showing agricultural workers on its obverse and its results on its reverse. Notes dated 1960 were signed by Finance Minister Ir. Djuanda Kartawidjaja while notes dated 1961 were signed by Finance Minister Raden Murobikandi Notohamiprojo.
Government Notes: Republik Indonesia, fifth series (agriculture theme), 1960, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | ||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signature | Watermark | Note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp1 | 120 × 60 mm | Green and yellow | Rice farmers | Vegetables | 3 letters, 6 numbers | Ir. Djuanda Kartawidjaja | None | "1960" | 13 June 1966 | 13 December 1965 | |||
Raden Murobikandi Notohamiprodjo | "1961" | ||||||||||||
Rp2½ | Blue | Corn farmers | Corn and paddy | Ir. Djuanda Kartawidjaja | "1960" | ||||||||
Raden Murobikandi Notohamiprodjo | "1961" | ||||||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Complete handicrafts series (1961–1964)
editThe Bank Indonesia-printed handicrafts series replaced the TDLR notes in 1961 and 1962, with denominations from Rp5 to Rp1,000 being issued. The first Rp10,000 banknote was introduced in 1964. A further response to inflation came with the issue of a 1958-dated Rp5,000 (brown) note in October 1963. By August 1964, it was necessary to add a Rp10,000 note, the first of its kind, and dated "1964," completing the manual workers series.
Native crafts/houses banknotes, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran, issued 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 – first series | ||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Signature | Watermark | Serial | Note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | |||
Rp5 | 135 × 65 mm | Green and red | Javanese woman doing batik | Central Java traditional house | Loekman Hakim (Governor), TRB Sabaroedin (Director) | Banteng head | 3 letters, 6 numbers | "1958" | 8 September 1959 | 13 June 1966 | ||
Rp10 | Brown and blue | Balinese statue carver | Balinese house | 11 December 1961 | ||||||||
Rp25 | 150 × 75 mm | Green and blue | Batak Toba weaver | Batak house | 26 April 1962 | |||||||
Rp50 | Orange and purple | Timor spinner | Timor house and cattle pen | |||||||||
Rp100 | Red | Rubber tapper | Kalimantan traditional house | 8 September 1959 | ||||||||
Rp500 | 160 × 85 mm | Red and brown | Man opening coconut | Minahasa house | 3 letters, 5 numbers | 16 January 1961 | 13 March 1966 | |||||
Rp1,000 | Violet and green | Minangkabau silversmith | Minangkabau house | 2 May 1961 | ||||||||
Rp5,000 | 170 × 95 mm | Brown and green | Woman with paddy | Rice fields in mountain | 18 October 1963 | 13 January 1966 | ||||||
Rp10,000 | Red and brown | 2 fishermen with fish trap | Barito river Kalimantan | Jusuf Muda Dalam (Governor), Hertatijanto (Director) | "1964" | 18 August 1964 | ||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Updates to the crafts notes (1965)
editIn 1965, amid soaring inflation, all of the notes, with the exception of the bottom Rp5 and the Rp500 note of the handicrafts series, were revised and re-issued, some more than once.
Native crafts/houses banknotes, printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran, issued 1965 – second series | ||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Signature | Watermark | Serial | Note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | |||
Rp10 | As first series | As first series | As first series | Soemarno, Hertatijanto | As first series | As first series | "1963" | 15 October 1964 | 13 June 1966 | |||
Rp25 | Jusuf Muda Dalam, Hertaijanto | None – overprinted Gardua Pancasila | "1964" | 21 May 1965 | ||||||||
Rp50 | 27 April 1965 | |||||||||||
Rp100 | As first series | 10 March 1965 | ||||||||||
Rp100 | Blue | None – overprinted Gardua Pancasila | 19 November 1965 | |||||||||
Rp1,000 | Red | As first series | As first series | "1958" (As first series) | 21 May 1965 | 13 March 1966 | ||||||
Rp5,000 | Purple | As first series plus overprinted Garuda Pancasila | 19 November 1965 | 13 January 1966 | ||||||||
Rp10,000 | Green | As first series | "1964"(As first series) | 29 March 1965 | ||||||||
As first series plus overprinted Garuda Pancasila | 19 November 1965 | |||||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
First redenomination (1965)
editThe hyperinflation of the early 1960s made the government redenominate the rupiah for the first time, with one new rupiah worth 1,000 of the old. Such move meant the issue of an entirely new set of banknotes by the Presidential Decree of 13 December 1965 which authorised Bank Indonesia to issue fractional notes for the first time (although the Rp1 and Rp2½ notes were still issued by the government itself) in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cents depicting volunteers (sukarelawan), all of which are dated 1964; these fractional notes, except for the one cent, were demonetised on 15 November 1996 and remain exchangeable in Bank Indonesia until 2029. Continued inflation throughout 1965 and 1966, with rates up to more than 650%,[10][11] rendered them worthless upon issue. Meanwhile, notes of Rp1 and higher featured President Sukarno on their obverses and various dancers on their reverses, with the 1964-dated Rp1 and Rp2½ banknotes being issued by Republik Indonesia and the 1960-dated Rp5, Rp10, Rp25, Rp50, and Rp100 notes being issued by Bank Indonesia. (1960-dated Bank Indonesia notes of Rp5, Rp10, and Rp100 rupiah were already circulating in Irian Jaya and the Riau Islands along with 1961-dated Republik Indonesia notes of Rp1 and Rp2½ in those same places).
To complete the redenomination process, older notes with values from Rp500 through Rp10,000 were withdrawn throughout 1965 and 1966.
By 1967, it had proved necessary to add Rp500 and Rp1,000 rupiah notes in the same design due to that year's 112% inflation rate.[11]
Notes of the 'new rupiah' (1965 redenomination), Republik Indonesia | ||||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | |||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signature | Printer's mark | Watermark | Note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp1 | 120 × 60 mm | Red | Sukarno with sugar cane | Balinese female dancer | 2 letters, 6 numbers (no printer mark); 3 letters 6 numbers (otherwise) | Soemarno | Pertjetakan Kebajoran, P.N. Pertjetakan Kebajoran, or no mark | Garuda Pancasila | "1964" | 13 December 1965 | 8 January 1968 – as Bank Indonesia. These are the last government notes in Indonesia. | |||
Rp2½ | Blue | Balinese female dancer | 2 letters, 6 numbers (no printer mark); 3 letters 6 numbers (otherwise) | Pertjetakan Kebajoran, or no mark | ||||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
"New rupiah" (1965/1967), Government of Indonesia/Bank Indonesia | ||||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | date of | |||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signatures | Printer's mark | Watermark | Note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp0.01 | 104 × 52 mm | Green | Farmer wearing paddy hat | Spiral patterns | 3 letters, 6 numbers | Governor: Jusuf Muda Dalam; Director: Hertatijianto | Pertjetakan Kebajoran | None | "1964" | 13 December 1965 | Never withdrawn | Worthless upon issue, never replaced as coin or note | ||
Rp0.05 | Violet | Woman with peaked cap and 'Sukarelawan' (volunteer) badge | 15 November 1996 | |||||||||||
Rp0.10 | Blue | |||||||||||||
Rp0.25 | 110 × 55 mm | Red | Man with peaked cap and 'Sukarelawan' (volunteer) badge | |||||||||||
Rp0.50 | Purple | |||||||||||||
Rp5 | 135 × 67 mm | Violet | Sukarno, with sugar cane | Female Balinese dancer | Acting Governor: Soetikno Slamet; Director: Indra Kasoema | Sukarno, replaced by buffalo from 30 August 1966 | "1960" | 1 September 1971 | 13 January 1969 | |||||
Rp10 | 140 × 70 mm | Brown | 2 female Balinese dancers | Sukarno | 15 April 1968 | |||||||||
Rp25 | 146 × 73 mm | Green | Female Balinese dancer showing hands | 3 letters, 6 numbers (Pertjetakan); 1/2/3 letters, six numbers (Thomas De La Rue) | Thomas De La Rue until 25 July 1966, then Pertjetakan Kebajoran | Sukarno (Thomas De La Rue); buffalo (Pertjetakan Kebajoran) | 13 January 1969 | |||||||
Rp50 | 152 × 76 mm | Navy Blue | Hindu female Balinese dancer with 2 gamelan players | Thomas De La Rue until 30 August 1966, then Pertjetakan Kebajoran | ||||||||||
Rp100 | 158 × 79 mm | Red-brown | Batak male and female dancer | 3 letters, 6 numbers | Pertjetakan Kebajoran | Sukarno | ||||||||
Rp500 | 164 × 82 mm | Brown | Javanese dancers | 1/2/3 letters 4 numbers (TDLR), 3 letters six numbers (PK) | Thomas De La Rue/Pertjetakan Kebajoran | First Printings: Sukarno (Thomas De La Rue), buffalo/Sukarno (Pertjetakan Kebajoran); 1968 reprint Garuda (Pertjetakan Kebajoran) | 20 February 1967 | |||||||
Rp1,000 | 170 × 85 mm | Cyan | 2 Balinese dancers | Sukarno (Thomas De La Rue – first printing), buffalo (Pertjetakan Kebajoran – 1968 reprint) | ||||||||||
Rp2,500 | 184 × 88 mm | Blue | Female dancer | 1 letter 4 numbers | Governor: Soemarno; Director: Roesli Saleh S. H. | Thomas De La Rue | Unissued specimens | |||||||
Rp5,000 | Purple | Female dancer | ||||||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Sudirman series (Direksi 1968)
editBy 1968, after President Suharto's New Order had been established, Bank Indonesia was given the sole right to issue banknotes (including notes below 5 rupiah) as well as coins (which had previously been the issue of the central government).[12]
As such, Bank Indonesia assumed responsibility for the issuance of all denominations of the 1968 series of the rupiah, with all notes being printed by Pertjetakan Kebajoran with the imprint date of 1968 with values ranging from Rp1 to Rp1,000. The notes featured the revolutionary hero General Sudirman on all of their obverses, while their reverse depicts various scenes of industrial activities. The notes were issued in 1968 and 1969. In 1970, notes of the same theme (but a different watermark) were added in Rp5,000 and Rp10,000 denominations, thus restoring all notes to the same denominations prior to the 1965 redenomination.
Sudirman series (Direksi 1968), printed by PN Pertjetakan Kebajoran | ||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Serial | Signatures | Watermark | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement note | |||
Rp1 | 112 × 56 mm | Orange | Sudirman, Coat of arms of Indonesia | Woman extracting copra | 3 letters, 6 numbers | Radius Prawiro, Soeksmono B. Martokoesoemo | Garuda Pancasila | 8 January 1968 | 1 September 1975 | Replaced with coin | ||
Rp2½ | Blue | Woman holding paddy | Last of denomination | |||||||||
Rp5 | 132 × 66 mm | Violet | Hydropower construction | 13 January 1969 | Replaced with coin | |||||||
Rp10 | Brown | Oil refinery | 15 April 1968 | |||||||||
Rp25 | Green | Ampera Bridge, Palembang | 13 January 1969 | |||||||||
Rp50 | Violet and green | DC-3s inside hangar | ||||||||||
Rp100 | 144 × 72 mm | Red | Brickworks, harbour | 2 April 1988 | 1 October 1977 | |||||||
Rp500 | Green and black | Cotton mill | 5 April 1978 | |||||||||
Rp1,000 | Black and orange | Fertiliser factory | 1 September 1977 | 1 June 1976 | ||||||||
Rp5,000 | 156 × 78 mm | Green | Sudirman, Garuda Pancasila | PT Tonasa Cement Factory | Diponegoro | 2 April 1970 | 1 July 1977 | 5 October 1976 | ||||
Rp10,000 | Red and violet | Bangka Island tin mine | 15 July 1976 | |||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Diponegoro series (unissued)
editA new series of notes, which now started only at Rp100 (then US$0.24), was designed with a Diponegoro theme in 1971 (but undated); however, this series was never issued, although the Rp1,000 note, with date added, was issued in 1976 (see below), and the reverse of the Rp5,000 note was also used for the 1976 Rp5,000 note, but with a new obverse design. If issued, this aborted note series was the last in Indonesia to have a consistent theme, although new notes typically retained the same colour as old ones of the same denomination. As of 2024, this is the most recent rupiah series to be completely unissued.
Diponegoro series, unissued | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signature | Serial | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement | ||||
[1] | [2] | Rp100 | 143 × 70 mm | Pink | Diponegoro at right, facing left | Mountain scenery | Diponegoro | Radius Prawiro (Governor), Durmawel Achmad (Director) | 2 letters, 000000 | Specimen only; unissued; undated | |||
[3] | [4] | Rp500 | 144 × 71 mm | Green | Diponegoro at left, facing right | Rice terraces | 3 letters, six numbers | ||||||
[5] | [6] | Rp1,000 | 156 × 78 mm | Blue | Buffalo ploughing rice field | ||||||||
Rp5,000 | 158 × 79 mm | Brown and red-brown | Diponegoro at right, facing left | 3 sailing boats | 2 letters, 000000 | ||||||||
Rp10,000 | Green and red | Rice farmers | |||||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
1975/1977 series
editStarting in 1975, Perum Peruri took over the responsibility for printing rupiah notes from Pertjetakan Kebajoran.
Due to counterfeiting of the Sudirman notes, the Rp1,000, Rp5,000 and Rp10,000 notes were all re-designed, dated 1975, and issued in 1976. The Sudirman notes of Rp1,000 and above were withdrawn as legal tender as of 1 September 1977.[13]
Redesigns of the Rp100 and Rp500 notes followed in 1978, thereby completing the third series of notes to be issued since the 1965 devaluation.
1975/1977 series, printed by Perum Peruri[14] | ||||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | ||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signature | Serial | note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement | ||||
Rp100 | 144 × 72 mm | Pink | Javan rhinoceros | A Javan rhino in habitat | Garuda Pancasila | Rachmat Saleh (Governor), Arifin M. Siregar (Director) | 3 letters, six numbers | "1977" | 1 October 1977 | 2 April 1988 | 1 February 1985 | |||
Rp500 | 144 × 79 mm | Green | Rachmi Hatta with Vanda orchid | Bank Indonesia building, Thamrin, Jakarta | Diponegoro | 5 April 1978 | 1 December 1982 | |||||||
Rp1,000 | 158 × 79 mm | Blue | Diponegoro at left, facing right | Buffalo ploughing rice field | Gajah Mada | Rachmat Saleh (Governor), Soeksmono. B. Martokoesoemo (Director) | "1975" | 1 June 1976 | 1 July 1980 | Undated specimens exists; issued note dated '1975' | ||||
Rp5,000 | Red-brown | Fisherman | 3 sailing boats | Cut Nyak Dhien | 5 October 1976 | 1 March 1982 | Identical to unissued 'Diponegoro' note, except Diponegoro replaced with fisherman | |||||||
Rp10,000 | Green, brown and orange | Ramayana frieze at Borobodur | Batara Kala, Jago Temple | General Sudirman | 15 July 1976 | 2 January 1980 | 29 June 1979 | |||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
1979/1980/1982 series
editThe first note to be replaced was again the top 10,000 rupiah note (by then worth approximately US$16), in 1979. Further redesigned notes followed in all denominations except the 100 rupiah, in 1980 and 1982.
1979/1980/1982 series, printed by Perum Peruri[15] | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | ||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Serial | note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement | |||
Rp500 | 140 × 68 mm | Green | Titan arum | Bank Indonesia building, Kota Tua | Ahmad Yani | Rachmat Saleh, Durmawel Achmad | 3 letters, six numbers | "1982" | 1 December 1982 | 1 May 1992 | 29 January 1988 | ||
Rp1,000 | 146 × 72 mm | Blue | Soetomo | Sianok Canyon | Hasanuddin of Gowa | "1980" | 1 July 1980 | 30 June 1987 | |||||
Rp5,000 | 152 × 76 mm | Brown | Diamond cutter, Kalimantan | 3 Toraja houses | Dewi Sartika | 1 March 1982 | 9 December 1986 | ||||||
Rp10,000 | 158 × 80 mm | Purple | Gamelan players, Central Java | Prambanan temple | Soetomo | Rachmat Saleh, Arifin M. Siregar | "1979" | 29 June 1979 | 27 December 1985 | ||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
1984–1988 series
editThe Rp100 note was replaced in 1984 with a new design featuring the Goura victoria on its obverse and the Sigura-gura dam in Asahan, North Sumatera, on its reverse with the national coat of arms as its watermark; replacement notes of all denominations followed in 1985 (Rp10,000), 1986 (Rp5,000), 1987 (Rp1,000) and 1988 (Rp500). All notes of this series were updated on 28 December 1992 and were subsequently demonetised on 25 September 1995.
1984-1988 series, printed by Perum Peruri, circulated 1984-1992[16] | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | ||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Serial | note | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement | |||
Rp100 | 133 × 64 mm | Pink | Victoria crowned pigeon | Asahan dam | Garuda Pancasila | Arifin M. Siregar, Sujitno Siswowidagdo | 3 letters, six numbers | "1984" | 1 February 1985 | 25 September 1995 | 28 December 1992 | ||
Rp500 | 140 × 68 mm | Green | Javan deer | Bank Indonesia building, Cirebon | Ahmad Yani | "1988" | 29 January 1988 | ||||||
Rp1,000 | 147 × 73 mm | Blue | Sisingamangaraja XII | Kraton Yogyakarta | Hasanuddin of Gowa | "1987" | 30 June 1987 | ||||||
Rp5,000 | 152 × 76 mm | Brown | Teuku Umar | Minaret of Menara Kudus Mosque | Martha Christina Tiahahu | "1986" | 9 December 1986 | ||||||
Rp10,000 | 158 × 80 mm | Purple | Kartini with Prambanan temple | Female university graduate, Indonesian flag | Tjipto Mangunkusumo | "1985" | 27 December 1985 | ||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
1992/1993/1995 series
editOn 28 December 1992, Bank Indonesia completely overhauled of all denominations of notes for the first time since 1968. In addition, a new top denomination, Rp20,000 note was added, with a US$ value of approximately $10 at the time. This was the first new denomination of the 'new rupiah' since the Rp10,000 had been issued in April 1970 (then worth about US$26). From this issue forwards, Indonesian notes have carried in small text in the note border the year of printing; the most conspicuous date on the note is still the date of authority (e.g., "Direksi 1992").
In 1993 a new top denomination, Rp50,000 (approx US$22), celebrating "25 Years of Development" was issued. The design featured Suharto on the front and Soekarno-Hatta airport on the back, with a plane taking off to symbolise Indonesia's growth. It also featured a hologram with the BI's logo as an added security feature. The notes (regular) were printed in 1993 and 1994. A polymer version intended as collectables were also issued (see Commemorative banknotes).[17][18]
In 1995, a segmented security thread was introduced to the Rp20,000 and Rp50,000 notes as an anti-counterfeiting measure, the first ever for the rupiah. Such notes were imprinted as 'Direksi 1995.'
All notes of this series were demonetised on 21 August 2000, except for the Rp100 and Rp500, which were demonetised on 30 November 2006.
1992/1993/1995 series, printed by Perum Peruri, circulated 1992-1998[19][20] | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Serial | Issue date | Replacement | Withdrawal date | ||||
Rp100 | 136 × 68 mm | Pink | Bugis phinisi | Anak Krakatoa | Ki Hajar Dewantara | Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Sujitno Siswowidagdo (Director) | Three letters, six numbers | 28 December 1992 | Last of denomination | Last of denomination | Carries imprint dates 1992–1996, 1999, 2000 | ||
Rp500 | 140 × 68 mm | Green | Orangutan | East Kalimantan house | Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto | Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Syahril Sabirin (Director) | Carries imprint date 1992–1999 | ||||||
Rp1,000 | 144 × 68 mm | Blue | Lake Toba | Stone jumping, Nias | Cut Nyak Meutia | Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Hendrobudiyanto (Director) | 29 November 2000 | Carries imprint date 1992–2000 | |||||
Rp5,000 | 144 × 72 mm | Brown | Sasando Rote | Tri-coloured lake, Kelimutu | Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Hasudungan Tampubolon (Director) | 6 November 2001 | Carries imprint date 1992–2001 | ||||||
Rp10,000 | 148 × 72 mm | Purple | Hamengkubuwono IX, Scouts camping | Borobodur | Wage Rudolf Soepratman | Adrianus Mooy (Governor), R. Rachmad (Director) | 23 January 1998 | 21 August 2000 | Carries imprint date 1992–1998 | ||||
Rp20,000 | 152 × 72 mm | Green | Red bird-of-paradise | Clove flower, map of Indonesia | Ki Hajar Dewantara | Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Binhadi (Director) | 28 August 1995 | Carries imprint dates 1992–1995 | |||||
Ki Hajar Dewantara + security foil strip | J. Soedradjad Djiwandono (Governor), Heru Soepraptomo (Director) | 28 August 1995 | 19 February 1998 | Imprint dates 1995–1997 | |||||||||
Rp50,000 | 152 × 76 mm | Blue | Suharto with scenes of economic and social-cultural development of Indonesia, slogan "25 Tahun Indonesia Membangun" (25 Years of Indonesia's Development) | Garuda Indonesia Boeing 747 Aircraft taking off from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport | Wage Rudolf Soepratman | Adrianus Mooy (Governor), T. M. Sjakur Machmud (Director) | 1 March 1993 | 28 August 1995 | Imprint dates 1993-1994 | ||||
Wage Rudolf Soepratman + security foil strip | J. Soedradjad Djiwandono (Governor), Boediono (Director) | 28 August 1995 | 1 June 1999 | Imprint dates 1995–1998 | |||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Reformation (1998–present)
edit1998/1999 series
editIn 1998, during the final months of the New Order, the Rp10,000 and Rp20,000 notes were redesigned on 23 January and 19 February 1998 respectively, while the Rp50,000 note were redesigned on 1 June 1999, the first during the reformation. The new Rp10,000 and Rp20,000 notes now feature a hologram as an added security feature.
Then-Senior Deputy Governor of Bank Indonesia Mirza Adityaswara's prediction of an increase of demand in cash to anticipate the Year 2000 problem led to the introduction of a new polymer Rp100,000 note on 1 November 1999, with five hundred million notes (totalling Rp500 billion) of this denomination being ordered from Note Printing Australia.[21]
All notes of this series are no longer legal tender since 31 December 2008 and were exchangeable at commercial banks until 30 December 2013[22] and at Bank Indonesia offices until 30 December 2018.[23]
Rupiah notes "1998", "1999" series[24][25] | ||||||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | ||||||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Printer | Serial | Issue date | note series | first of denomination | Withdrawal date | replacement | ||||
Rp10,000 | 148 × 72 mm | Brown-grey | Tjut Njak Dhien | Lake Segara Anak | Wage Rudolf Soepratman; security thread | J. Soedradjad Djiwandono (Governor), Mukhlis Rasyid (Deputy Governor) | Perum Peruri | 3 letters, 6 numbers | 23 January 1998 | '1998' | 1964 | 31 December 2008 | 20 October 2005 | Carries imprint date 1998–2005 | ||
Rp20,000 | 152 × 72 mm | Green | Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Ganesha | Teacher and children in classroom | Ki Hadjar Dewantara; security thread | J. Soedradjad Djiwandono (Governor), Haryono (Deputy Governor) | 19 February 1998 | 1992 | 29 December 2004 | Carries imprint date 1998–2004 | ||||||
Rp50,000 | Grey-green | Wage Rudolf Soepratman | Indonesian flag hoisting ceremony, 17 August 1997 | Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto; security thread | Syahril Sabirin (Governor), Dono Iskandar Djojosoebroto (Deputy Governor) | 1 June 1999 | '1999' | 1993 | 20 October 2005 | Carries imprint dates 1999–2005 | ||||||
Rp100,000 | 151 × 65 mm | Red, yellow, and blue | Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, proclamation of independence | Indonesian Parliament building, Jakarta | Garuda Pancasila and the logo of Bank Indonesia ; security thread | Syahril Sabirin (Governor), Iwan R. Prawiranata (Deputy Governor) | Note Printing Australia; Note Printing Works Bank of Thailand | 1 November 1999 | First of denomination | 29 December 2004 | No imprint date; phosphorus number for security | |||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
2000–2014 series
editThe lower denominations, Rp1,000 and Rp5,000, were updated in 2000 and 2001. While the Rp5,000 note is still being printed, the Rp1,000 note was last issued dated 2013 (a limited number of notes dated 2016 were issued later) and, while remaining in circulation, has largely been replaced by a coin of the same value.
The Rp20,000 and Rp100,000 notes were redesigned on 29 December 2004,[26] while the Rp10,000 and Rp50,000 notes were redesigned on 19 September 2005.[27] The Rp100,000 note's material was switched to paper as bank machines have difficulty counting the polymer notes of 1999. All the notes were given better security features, including a segmented security thread and colour-shifting ink, with the Rp100,000 note also given an Irisafe technology to its right which was removed in 2011.
A new denomination, Rp2,000, was issued on 9 July 2009 after several delays following an initial announcement that said note would replace the Rp1,000 note as the lowest note in circulation.[28] However, the latter continued to be printed, most recently in 2022.
On 20 July 2010, the 2005-issue Rp10,000 note was revised, featuring the same theme but with a colour change to purple in order to better distinguish it from the Rp100,000 note. Several changes were also made to the note's security features and devices, including the addition of omron rings and a circle-shaped blind code.[29][30] The following year, in commemoration of that year's Youth Pledge Day on 28 October 2011, Bank Indonesia updated the Rp20,000, Rp50,000, and Rp100,000 banknotes to feature enhanced security features including rainbow printing, omron rings and new blind codes.[31][32]
Bank Indonesia further updated the Rp100,000 note on 17 August 2014 to deter counterfeiting.[33][34] These banknotes, which bear the text "Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia" ("The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia") instead of "Bank Indonesia," still retain the images of the same national figures but have more golden colours and carry an imprint of TE. (abbreviation of "Tahun Emisi", Issue Year) 2014 and the signatures of the then-BI governor Agus Martowardojo and the then-Indonesian Finance Minister Chatib Basri.
That same year, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has officially appointed Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta as obverse of Rp100,000 banknotes, following the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 22 of 2 June 2014.[35][36]
Rupiah notes '2000', '2001','2004'[a], '2005'[b], '2009', and '2014' series, Printed by Perum Peruri[37] | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Serial | Issue | Note Series | Replacememt | ||||
Rp1,000 | 141 × 65 mm | Blue and Green | Kapitan Pattimura | Maitara and Tidore Islands, with fishermen on a boat | Tjut Meutia | Varies[c] | 3 letters, 6 numbers | 29 November 2000 | '2000' | 19 December 2016 | Imprint 2000–2009, 2011-2013, and 2016 | ||
Rp2,000 | Grey | Pangeran Antasari of Banjar | Dayak traditional dance | Pangeran Antasari | Varies[d] | 9 July 2009 | '2009' | Imprint 2009–2016 | |||||
Rp5,000 | 143 × 65 mm | Brown and Green | Tuanku Imam Bonjol | Songket weaver, Tanah Datar | Tjut Meutia | Varies[e] | 6 November 2001 | '2001' | Imprint 2001–2016 | ||||
Rp10,000 | 145 × 65 mm | Magenta | Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II | The traditional Limas House of Palembang, South Sumatra | Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II | Varies[f] | 20 October 2005 | '2005'[g] | 20 July 2010 | Imprint 2005–2009 | |||
Purple | Varies[h] | 20 July 2010 | 19 December 2016 | Imprint 2010–2016 | |||||||||
Rp20,000 | 147 × 65 mm | Green | Oto Iskandar di Nata | Tea plantation, West Java | Oto Iskandar di Nata | Varies[i] | 29 December 2004 | '2004'[j] | 31 October 2011 | Imprint 2004–2011 | |||
Varies[k] | 31 October 2011 | 19 December 2016 | Imprint 2011–2016 | ||||||||||
Rp50,000 | 149 × 65 mm | Blue | I Gusti Ngurah Rai | Pura Ulun Danu Bratan, Bali | I Gusti Ngurah Rai | Varies[l] | 20 October 2005 | '2005'[m] | 31 October 2011 | Imprint 2005–2011 | |||
Varies[n] | 31 October 2011 | 19 December 2016 | Imprint 2011-2016 | ||||||||||
Rp100,000 | 151 × 65 mm | Red | Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia | Indonesian Parliament building, Jakarta, Map of Indonesia | Wage Rudolf Soepratman | Varies[o] | 29 December 2004 | '2004'[p] | 31 October 2011 | Imprint 2004–2011 | |||
Varies[q] | 31 October 2011 | 17 August 2014 | Imprint 2011–2014 | ||||||||||
Varies[r] | 17 August 2014 | '2014' | 19 December 2016 | Imprint 2014–2016 | |||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
2016 series
editOn 19 December 2016, Bank Indonesia completely redesigned all rupiah banknotes in the denominations of Rp1,000, Rp2,000, Rp5,000, Rp10,000, Rp20,000, Rp50,000 and Rp100,000. This series features various national heroes from Indonesia's history.[51] In 2022, Bank Indonesia predicted that notes of this series will be removed from circulation in 2025 or 2026.[52]
Rupiah notes '2016' series, Printed by Perum Peruri[53][54] | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Serial | Note Series | Issue Date | Replacement Date | ||||
Rp1,000 | 141 × 65 mm | Yellow-Grey | Tjut Meutia | Tifa dance, Banda Neira, and Cocktown orchid | Tjut Meutia | Varies[s] | 3 letters, 6 numbers | '2016' | 19 December 2016 | 17 August 2022 | Imprint 2016–2021 | ||
Rp2,000 | Grey | Mohammad Husni Thamrin | Piring dance, Sianok Canyon and Magnolia champaca | Pangeran Antasari | |||||||||
Rp5,000 | 143 × 65 mm | Brown | Idham Chalid | Gambyong dance, Mount Bromo and Tuberose | Tjut Meutia | ||||||||
Rp10,000 | 145 × 65 mm | Purple | Frans Kaisiepo | Pakarena dance, Wakatobi National Park and Magnolia vrieseana | Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II | ||||||||
Rp20,000 | 147 × 65 mm | Green | G.S.S.J. Ratulangi | Gong dance, Derawan Islands and Coelogyne pandurata | Otto Iskandar Di Nata | ||||||||
Rp50,000 | 149 × 65 mm | Blue | Djuanda Kartawidjaja | Legong dance, Komodo National Park and Plumeria | I Gusti Ngurah Rai | ||||||||
Rp100,000 | 151 × 65 mm | Red | Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta | Topeng Betawi dance, Raja Ampat Islands and Moon orchid | Wage Rudolf Soepratman | ||||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
2022 series
editBank Indonesia introduced a new series of banknotes on 18 August 2022. Officially, they were retroactively issued as legal tender on 17 August 2022 to commemorate Indonesia's 77th year of independence. Similar to the 2016 series, the Indonesian dances and national heroes are still featured on the notes, with some notable changes to their colour scheme, security features and sizes.[56][57]
Rupiah notes '2022' series, Printed by Perum Peruri | ||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | ||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Serial | Note Series | Issue Date | ||||
Rp1,000 | 121 × 65 mm | Yellow, Grey | Tjut Meutia | Tifa dance, Banda Neira, and Cocktown orchid | Tjut Meutia | Perry Warjiyo (Governor) — Sri Mulyani Indrawati (Minister of Finance) | 3 letters, 6 numbers | '2022' | 17 August 2022 | Imprint 2022–present | ||
Rp2,000 | 126 × 65 mm | Grey | Mohammad Husni Thamrin | Piring dance, Sianok Canyon and Magnolia champaca | Mohammad Husni Thamrin | |||||||
Rp5,000 | 131 × 65 mm | Brown, Orange | Idham Chalid | Gambyong dance, Mount Bromo and Tuberose | Idham Chalid | |||||||
Rp10,000 | 136 × 65 mm | Purple | Frans Kaisiepo | Pakarena dance, Wakatobi National Park and Magnolia vrieseana | Frans Kaisiepo | |||||||
Rp20,000 | 141 × 65 mm | Green | G.S.S.J. Ratulangi | Gong dance, Derawan Islands and Coelogyne pandurata | G.S.S.J. Ratulangi | |||||||
Rp50,000 | 146 × 65 mm | Blue | Djuanda Kartawidjaja | Legong dance, Komodo National Park and Plumeria | Djuanda Kartawidjaja | |||||||
Rp100,000 | 151 × 65 mm | Red | Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta | Topeng Betawi dance, Raja Ampat Islands and Moon orchid | Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta | |||||||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Commemorative banknotes
editSuharto "25 years of development" commemorative Rp50,000 polymer note (1993)
editIn 1993, a polymer Rp50,000 rupiah (approximately US$22) note, the first in Indonesia, was issued to celebrate "25 Years of Development" under the New Order. It had a hologram of then-President Suharto and the phrase "Penerbitan Khusus" (Special Issue). Only five million notes are printed and each were packed in a presentation pack explaining the 25-year growth plan since 1969. These notes were priced at Rp100,000 upon release, which was double the face value. The design featured Suharto on the front and Soekarno-Hatta airport on the back, with a plane taking off to symbolise Indonesia's growth. However, it is believed that due to poor sales, some of the polymer notes, minus the folder, were issued as regularly circulating money. A paper version (regular note) of similar design was printed from 1993 through 1998.[18]
Rupiah commemorative polymer notes Suharto '1993', Printed by Note Printing Australia[17] | |||||||||||||
Image | Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | |||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Serial | Issue date | Withdrawal date | Replacement | ||||
Rp50,000 | 152 × 76 mm | Blue | Suharto with scenes of economic and social-cultural development of Indonesia, slogan "25 Tahun Indonesia Membangun" (25 years of Indonesia's development) | Garuda Indonesia Boeing 747 aircraft taking off from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport | Suharto hologram, Bank Indonesia watermark | Adrianus Mooy (Governor), Hasudungan Tampubolon (Director) | 3 letters, 6 numbers | 1 March 1993 | 21 August 2000 | No replacement, last of denomination | Polymer note | ||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
75th anniversary of independence Rp75,000 note (2020)
editOn 17 August 2020, Bank Indonesia officially introduced a new commemorative banknote to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Indonesia's declaration of independence. With a total of 75 million notes being printed, it was the first commemorative banknote to commemorate Indonesia's independence; before that, it was only issued in coins. They were made available to Indonesian citizens over the age of 17, who could purchase a maximum of one banknote by registering online and collecting it at one of the 45 regional Bank Indonesia branches. Due to the high demand, banknotes were subsequently offered for sale online for prices up to Rp8.8 million, more than 117 times its face value. Following rumors that the notes were only merchandise, and not legal tender, the central bank confirmed they could be used for payment transactions. The design of the note also attracted attention, and Bank Indonesia was obliged to deny that one of the children pictured on the back was wearing a traditional costume from China.[58][59][60][61][62][63]
Rupiah commemorative notes 75th Anniversary of Republic of Indonesia '2020' | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Dimension | Main Colour | Description | Date of | Remarks | ||||||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | Signatures | Serial | note series | issue | ||||
Rp75,000 | 151 x 65 mm | Red and white | Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta with additional picture of flag hoisting ceremony during declaration of independence, a Jakarta MRT 1000 series trainset, Trans-Java Toll Road, and Youtefa Bridge | Children wearing various traditional clothing in Indonesia with picture of Telkom-4 (aka Merah Putih) satellite above Indonesia | Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta | Sri Mulyani Indrawati (Finance Minister), Perry Warjiyo (Governor) | 3 letters, 6 numbers | '2020' | 17 August 2020 | Limited edition | ||
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. |
Anti-counterfeit warnings
editUntil 1998, rupiah banknotes featured an anti-counterfeit warning which evolved throughout the years:
- 1945–1947: Barangsiapa yang meniru atau memalsu uang kertas negara, atau dengan sengaja mengedarkan, menyimpan ataupun memasukkan ke daerah Republik Indonesia uang kertas tiruan atau palsu, dapat dihukum menurut Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana pasal 244, 245 dan 249. (Whoever imitates or counterfeits banknotes of the state, or deliberately distributes, stores or imports imitation or counterfeit banknotes to the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, will be punished according to Articles 244, 245 and 249 of the Criminal Code.)
- 1947 (on Dutch-issued banknotes): Di dalam pasal 244, 245 dan 249 dari Kitab Undang-undang Hukuman ditetapkan hukuman untuk yang meniru atau memalsukan uang kertas dan untuk yang mengeluarkan dengan sengaja, menyimpan atau memasukkan uang kertas palsu atau yang dijadikan palsu ke Hindia Belanda. (In Articles 244, 245 and 249 of the Criminal Code, penalties are stipulated for those who imitate or falsify banknotes and for those who deliberately issue, store or import counterfeit banknotes or those made to be counterfeit into the Dutch East Indies.)
- 1947–1979: Barangsiapa meniru atau memalsukan uang kertas dan barangsiapa mengeluarkan dengan sengaja atau menyimpan uang kertas tiruan atau uang kertas yang dipalsukan akan dituntut di muka hakim. (Whoever imitates or falsifies banknotes and whoever issues or keeps imitation or falsified banknotes on purpose will be prosecuted by law.) In the early years of its implementation, this warning was repeated multiple times in microprint, mimicking the technique used on Dutch guilder banknotes.
- 1979–1998: Barangsiapa meniru, memalsukan uang kertas dan/atau dengan sengaja menyimpan serta mengedarkan uang kertas tiruan atau uang kertas palsu diancam dengan hukuman penjara. (Whoever imitates, falsifies banknotes and/or deliberately stores and distributes imitation or counterfeit banknotes will be threatened with imprisonment.)
Security features
edit- The banknotes are made of cotton fibres, because they are more flexible and not easily ripped.[64] However, the actual material used is the abacá fibre, which is naturally plentiful in Indonesia (especially on the Talaud Islands)[65] and is believed to increase the durability of the banknotes. In 2014, Bank Indonesia plan to use these materials, but in 2016 edition, they prefer to print using paper which was also used to print banknotes from previous editions.[66][67]
- The minimum security features for naked eyes are watermarks, electrotypes and security threads with colour fibres. In addition to this, extra features may be included, such as holograms, Irisafe iridescent stripes, clear windows, metameric windows and gold patches.
- Watermark and electrotype are made by controlling the gap of density of the fibres which create certain images for the banknotes. This is done to raise the quality of the notes from the aesthetic view.
- Security threads are put in the middle of the note's materials so horizontal and vertical lines are shown from top to bottom. The threads also can be made with many variations such as the materials, size, colour and design.
- The 2004 and 2005 note series of Rp10,000, Rp20,000, Rp50,000 and Rp100,000 rupiah, which was revised in 2010 and 2011, introduced several new security features: use of EURion constellation rings, rainbow printing designed to change colour when viewed from different angles, and tactile features for blind people and those with visual difficulties to recognise the different denominations stated on the notes.[68][69]
Notes
edit- ^ including revised versions which was issued in 2011.
- ^ including revised versions which was issued in 2010 and 2011.
- ^
- 2000–2008: Anwar Nasution (Senior Deputy Governor) — Aulia Pohan (Deputy Governor)
- 2009: Boediono (Governor) — Budi Mulya (Deputy Governor)
- 2011–2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Budi Mulya (Deputy Governor)
- 2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Perry Warjiyo (Deputy Governor)[38][39]
- ^
- 2009: Miranda Goeltom (Senior Deputy Governor) — Budi Rochadi (Deputy Governor)
- 2010–2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Budi Rochadi (Deputy Governor)
- 2014–2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Mirza Adityaswara (Deputy Governor)[40][39]
- ^
- 2001–2008: Syahril Sabirin (Governor) — Miranda Goeltom (Deputy Governor)
- 2009: Boediono (Governor) — Ardhayadi Mitroatmodjo (Deputy Governor)
- 2010–2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Ardhayadi Mitroatmodjo (Deputy Governor)
- 2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Halim Alamsyah (Deputy Governor)
- 2014–2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Hendar (Deputy Governor)
- 2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Erwin Rijanto (Deputy Governor)[41][39]
- ^
- 2005–2009: Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor) — Bun Bunan E. J. Hutapea (Deputy Governor)
- 2009: Boediono (Governor) — Muliaman D. Hadad (Deputy Governor)[42][39]
- ^ including revised version which was issued in 2010.
- ^
- 2010: Darmin Nasution (Senior Deputy Governor) — Muliaman D. Hadad (Deputy Governor)
- 2011–2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Muliaman D. Hadad (Deputy Governor)
- 2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Sarwono (Deputy Governor)
- 2014–2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Perry Warjiyo (Deputy Governor)
- 2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Hendar (Deputy Governor)[43][39]
- ^
- 2004-2008: Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor) — Maulana Ibrahim (Deputy Governor)
- 2009: Boediono (Governor) — Siti CH Fadjirijan (Deputy Governor)
- 2010-2011: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Halim Alamsyah (Deputy Governor)[44][39]
- ^ including revised version which was issued in 2011.
- ^
- 2011–2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Halim Alamsyah (Deputy Governor)
- 2014–2015: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Ronald Wass (Deputy Governor)
- 2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Perry Warjiyo (Deputy Governor)
- 2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Ardhayadi Mitroatmodjo (Deputy Governor)[45][39]
- ^
- 2005–2008: Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor) — Maman H. Soemantri (Deputy Governor)
- 2009: Boediono (Governor) — Hartadi Sarwono (Deputy Governor)
- 2010–2011: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Hartadi Sarwono (Deputy Governor)[46][39]
- ^ including revised version which was issued in 2011.
- ^
- 2011–2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Hartati Sarwono (Deputy Governor)
- 2014–2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Halim Alamsyah (Deputy Governor)
- 2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Ardhayadi Mitroatmodjo (Deputy Governor)[47][39]
- ^
- 2004–2009: Burhanuddin Abdullah (Governor) — Aulia Pohan (Deputy Governor)
- 2009: Boediono (Governor) — Miranda Goeltom (Deputy Governor)
- 2010–2011: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Budi Rochadi (Deputy Governor)[48][39]
- ^ including revised version which was issued in 2011.
- ^
- 2011–2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Ardhayadi Mitroatmodjo (Deputy Governor)
- 2013: Darmin Nasution (Governor) — Ronald Wass (Deputy Governor)
- 2014: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Mirza Adityaswara (Deputy Governor)[49][39]
- ^
- 2014–2015: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Muhamad Chatib Basri (Minister of Finance)
- 2015–2016: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Bambang Brodjonegoro (Minister of Finance)[50][39]
- ^
- 2016–2018: Agus Martowardojo (Governor) — Sri Mulyani Indrawati (Minister of Finance)
- 2018–2021: Perry Warjiyo (Governor) — Sri Mulyani Indrawati (Minister of Finance)[55]
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