Aneuretopsychidae is an extinct family of scorpionflies known from the Mesozoic. Fossils are known from the Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian) to the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian). It is part of Mesopsychoidea, a group of scorpionflies with siphonate proboscis. They are suggested to have been nectarivores, feeding off the liquid pollination drops of and acting as pollinators for now extinct insect pollinated gymnosperms such as Bennettitales.[1]
| Aneuretopsychidae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Burmopsyche bella in dorsal view | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Mecoptera |
| Superfamily: | †Mesopsychoidea |
| Family: | †Aneuretopsychidae Rasnitsyn and Kozlov 1990 |
| Genera | |
Systematics
editDiagnostic characters include the "presence of pseudo-loop in the anal area of the forewing, and the well-developed jugum of the hind wing"[1] It has been proposed that the family are the sister group to fleas,[2] however a detailed analysis of the mouthparts of well preserved amber specimens found that they were homologous to those found in the Pseudopolycentropodidae and dissimilar to those of fleas.[1]
- Aneuretopsyche Rasnitsyn and Kozlov 1990[3]
- A. minima Rasnitsyn and Kozlov 1990 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian
- A. rostrata Rasnitsyn and Kozlov 1990 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian
- A. vitimensis Rasnitsyn and Kozlov 1990 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
- Burmopsyche Zhao et al. 2020[1]
- B. bella Zhao et al. 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- B. xiai Zhao et al. 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- Jeholopsyche Ren, Shih and Labandeira, 2009, 2011[4][5]
- J. bella Qiao et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian[6]
- J. completa Qiao et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian[6]
- J. liaoningensis Ren, Shih and Labandeira, 2009, 2011 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
- J. maxima Qiao et al. 2012 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian[6]
Gallery
edit-
Jeholopsyche liaoningensis dorsal -
Jeholopsyche liaoningensis ventral, showing proboscis
References
edit- ^ a b c d Zhao, Xiangdong; Wang, Bo; Bashkuev, Alexey S.; Aria, Cédric; Zhang, Qingqing; Zhang, Haichun; Tang, Wentao; Engel, Michael S. (March 2020). "Mouthpart homologies and life habits of Mesozoic long-proboscid scorpionflies". Science Advances. 6 (10): eaay1259. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.1259Z. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay1259. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7056314. PMID 32181343.
- ^ Gao, Taiping; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2019-03-15), Ren, Dong; Shih, Chung Kun; Gao, Taiping; Yao, Yunzhi (eds.), "Siphonaptera - Fleas", Rhythms of Insect Evolution, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 597–606, doi:10.1002/9781119427957.ch25, ISBN 978-1-119-42795-7, S2CID 241454590, retrieved 2020-09-14
- ^ A. P. Rasnitsyn and M. V. Kozlov. 1990. Novaya grylla iskopaemykh nasekomykh: skorpionnitsa s adaptatsiyami tsikad i babochek. Doklady Akademia Nauk SSSR 310:973-976
- ^ Ren, D.; Labandeira, C. C.; Santiago-Blay, J. A.; Rasnitsyn, A.; Shih, C.; Bashkuev, A.; Logan, M. A. V.; Hotton, C. L.; Dilcher, D. (2009-11-06). "A Probable Pollination Mode Before Angiosperms: Eurasian, Long-Proboscid Scorpionflies". Science. 326 (5954): 840–847. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..840R. doi:10.1126/science.1178338. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2944650. PMID 19892981.
- ^ Ren, Dong; Shih, ChungKun; Labandeira, Conrad (2011-09-16). "A well-preserved aneuretopsychid from the Jehol Biota of China (Insecta, Mecoptera, Aneuretopsychidae)". ZooKeys (129): 17–28. doi:10.3897/zookeys.129.1282. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 3175145. PMID 21998553.
- ^ a b c Qiao, Xiao; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (August 2012). "Three new species of aneuretopsychids (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Jehol Biota, China". Cretaceous Research. 36: 146–150. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.004.