Ammotrechidae is a family of solifuges distributed in the Americas and the Caribbean Islands. It includes 26 described genera and 95 species. Members of this family can be distinguished from members of other families by the absence of claws on tarsi of leg I, tarsal segmentation 1-2-2-(2-4), pedipalps with pairs of lateroventral spines, and by males having an immovable flagellum on the mesal face of each chelicerum. The propeltidium of the Ammotrechidae is recurved.[1]
| Ammotrechidae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Chinchippus peruvianus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Solifugae |
| Family: | Ammotrechidae Roewer, 1934 |
| Genera | |
|
See text. | |
| Diversity | |
| 26 genera, 95 species | |
The common names used for Ammotrechidae are curve-faced solifugids and sand runners. They live in arid regions, such as dune and rocky habitats. They are carnivores which feed mainly on other invertebrates. Ammotrechidae have relatively high metabolic rates, which allow them to be voracious predators.[2] They feed by masticating their prey and sucking out the liquids.[3] They are preyed upon by other vertebrates. Species of Ammotrechidae are found to be cannibalistic.[4] Males and females dig shallow burrows for protection and nesting.[5]
The species in North America are found in the South to Southwest and are rarely longer than 2 inches.[6] Though they can be pests, they are considered beneficial because they feed on scorpions, spiders, and termites.[6]
Genera
editAs of September 2022[update], the World Solifugae Catalog accepts the following twenty-six genera:[7]
- Ammotrecha Banks, 1900
- Ammotrechella Roewer, 1934
- Ammotrechesta Roewer, 1934
- Ammotrechinus Roewer, 1934
- Ammotrechula Roewer, 1934
- Antillotrecha Armas, 1994
- Branchia Muma, 1951
- Campostrecha Mello-Leitão, 1937
- Chileotrecha Maury, 1987
- Chinchippus Chamberlin, 1920
- Cuyanopuga Iuri, 2021
- Dasycleobis Mello-Leitão, 1940
- Eutrecha Maury, 1982
- Innesa Roewer, 1934
- Mortola Mello-Leitão, 1938
- Mummuciona Roewer, 1934
- Neocleobis Roewer, 1934
- Nothopuga Maury, 1976
- Oltacola Roewer, 1934
- Procleobis Kraepelin, 1899
- Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900
- Saronomus Kraepelin, 1900
- Sedna Muma, 1971
- Titanopuga Iuri, 2021
- Xenotrecha Maury, 1982
- †Happlodontus Poinar & Santiago-Blay, 1989
References
edit- ^ Carl Friedrich Roewer (1934). "Solifuga, Palpigrada". In H. G. Bronn (ed.). Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. Fünfter Band: Arthropoda; IV. Abeitlung: Arachnoidea und kleinere ihnen nahegestellte Arthropodengruppen. Vol. 4. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.H. pp. 1–723.
- ^ Martin H. Muma (1966). "Burrowing habits of North American Solpugida (Arachnida)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 73 (4): 251–260. doi:10.1155/1966/36510.
- ^ Fred Punzo (1998). The Biology of Camel-spiders (Arachnida, Solifugae). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- ^ Martin H. Muma (1967). "Basic behavior of North American Solpugida". Florida Entomologist. 50 (2): 115–123. doi:10.2307/3493620. JSTOR 3493620.
- ^ Martin H. Muma (1966). "Feeding behavior of North American Solpugida (Arachnida)". Florida Entomologist. 49 (3): 199–216. doi:10.2307/3493444. JSTOR 3493444. Archived from the original on 2017-09-21. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
- ^ a b Mike Quinn (January 18, 2007). "Curve-faced Solifugid. Class Arachnida - Order Solifugae - Family Ammotrechidae". Texas Entomology. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
- ^ "Ammotrechidae Roewer, 1934". World Solifugae Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.