Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1992.
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Plants
editCycads
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Palamarev, Petkova, & Uzunova |
An eostangerioid zamiaceous cycad. |
Conifers
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov. |
jr synonym |
Gooch |
A golden larch species, |
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|
Sp nov |
valid |
Gooch |
A golden larch, |
 |
Angiosperms
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Erwin & Stockey |
A cyperaceous or juncaceous poalean monocot |
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|
Sp nov |
valid |
Manchester |
A mallow relative |
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|
comb nov |
valid |
(Mathewes & Brooke) Manchester |
A mallow relative, |
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|
comb nov |
valid |
(Lesquereux) Manchester |
A mallow relative, |
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|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Sun & Stockey |
Paskapoo Formation |
A betulaceous fruit |
Arthropods
editInsects
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Comb nov |
jr synonym |
(Mayr) |
A Dolichoderin ant, |
 | ||||
|
Comb nov |
Jr synonym |
(Wheeler) |
A Dolichoderin ant |
 | ||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Ponomarenko |
A hemerobiid lacewing, type species, C. disjunctus |
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|
Comb nov |
Jr synonym |
(Mayr, 1868) |
Middle Eocene |
Baltic amber |
Fossil Dolichoderine ant, |
 | ||
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Nel |
A lacebug, type species M. cantalensis |
 | ||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Nel |
A thread bug |
 | ||||
|
Sp nov |
jr synonym |
Martins-Neto |
A Kalligrammatid lacewing, syn of Makarkinia adamsi |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
A moth of uncertain placement. |
 | |||||
|
sp. nov |
valid |
Poinar & Doyen |
first fossil species of Termitaradus |
Archosauromorphs
edit- During the 1992 field season a concerted effort was undertaken by the Royal Tyrell Museum to recover the remains of young hadrosaurs.[14] The researchers describe the acquisition that season of 43 specimens as being a success.[14] Most of the recovered fossils were of dentaries missing their teeth, bones from limbs and feet, as well as vertebral centra.[14]
- Jack Horner speculated that transitional species evolved in the uppermost part of the Two Medicine Formation during the Bearpaw Transgression. This was during a half-million year span as the transgression inundated the Judith River Formation and, later, the Two Medicine area, gradually destroying the local dinosaurs' preferred habitats.[15] Horner cited certain ceratopsid and pachycephalosaurid species as possible evidence for his hypothesis.[15]
Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
editData courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[16]
Newly named birds
edit| Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Early Eocene |
|
A Coliiformes, Sandcoleidae Houde et Olson, 1992, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Middle-Late Oligocene |
|
Described in the Gallinuloididae Lucas, 1900, but transferred to the Cracidae. |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
MP 16 or 28 |
A Pteroclidae. |
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|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Late Miocene |
|
A Gruidae. |
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|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Late Pliocene |
An Anatidae. |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Cathayornithiformes Zhou, Jin et Zhang, 1992, Cathayornithidae Zhou, Jin et Zhang, 1992, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Early Eocene |
Early Wasatchian, |
|
A Coliiformes, Chascacocoliidae Zelenkov et Dyke, 2008, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Late Pleistocene |
A Ciconiidae. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Early Miocene |
Fissure fillings in Early Eocene Cristal River Limestone |
|
A Columbidae, in 2008 David W. Steadman made it the type species of his new genus Arenicolumbina.[33] |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Iberomesornithiformes Sanz et J. F. Bonaparte, 1992, Concornithidae Kurochkin, 1996, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Late Early Eocene |
|
An Opisthocomiformes, Foratidae Olson, 1992. |
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|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Columbidae. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Late Paleocene |
A Gastornithidae Fürbringer, 1888. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Late Pliocene |
|
An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Hauterivian-Early Barremian |
An Enantiornithes, Iberomesornithiformes Sanz et J. F. Bonaparte, 1992, Iberomesornithidae Sanz et J. F. Bonaparte, 1992. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Late Miocene |
A big Anhingidae. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Columbidae. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Columbidae. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Middle Miocene |
|
An Anatidae. |
||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Early Eocene |
|
A Ralliformes, Messelornithidae Hesse, 1988. |
||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Late Pliocene |
|
An Anatidae. |
||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Dieter S. Peters |
Middle Eocene |
MP 11 |
A Strigiformes, Palaeoglaucidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1987. |
|||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Ornithuromorphae Chiappe, Ji, Ji et Norell, 1999, Patagopterygiformes Alvarenga et J. F. Bonaparte, 1992, Patagopterygidae Alvarenga et J. F. Bonaparte, 1992, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Ornithuromorphae Chiappe, Ji, Ji et Norell, 1999, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
A Craciformes Sibley, Ahlquist et Monroe, 1988, Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992. |
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|
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Late Eocene |
A Psittaciformes, Quercypsittidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Cécile Mourer-Chauviré |
A Psittaciformes, Quercypsittidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Middle Clarkforkian, |
|
A Coliiformes, Sandcoleidae Houde et Olson, 1992, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Cathayornithiformes Zhou, Jin et Zhang, 2006, Cathayornithidae Zhou, Jin et Zhang, 2006, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. |
Lepidosauromorphs
edit| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indophis sahnii[49] | Valid | Rage & Prasad | Maastrichtian | Intertrappean Beds |  India
|
A snake |
Synapsids
editNewly named mammals
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Dashzeveg & Russell |
A pantolestid, type species is G. khan |
Other Animals
edit| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dickinsonia rex [51] | Synonym of Dickinsonia tenuis | Jenkins | Ediacaran |  Australia
|
Footnotes
edit- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ Uzunova, K.; Palamarev, E.; Kvaček, Z. (2002). "Eostangeria ruzinciniana (Zamiaceae) from the Middle Miocene of Bulgaria and its relationship to similar taxa of fossil Eostangeria, and extant Chigua and Stangeria (Cycadales)". Acta Palaeobotanica. 41 (2): 177–194.
- ^ a b Gooch, N. L. (1992). "Two new species of Pseudolarix Gordon (Pinaceae) from the middle Eocene of the Pacific Northwest". PaleoBios. 14: 13–19.
- ^ Erwin, D. M.; Stockey, R. A. (1992). "Vegetative body of a permineralized monocotyledon from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert of British Columbia". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 147: 309–327.
- ^ a b c Manchester, S.R. (1992). "Flowers, fruits and pollen of Florissantia, an extinct malvalean genus from the Eocene and Oligocene of western North America". American Journal of Botany. 79 (9): 996–1008. doi:10.2307/2444909. JSTOR 2444909.
- ^ Sun, F.; Stockey, R.A. (1992). "A new species of Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) based on infructescences, fruits, and associated staminate inflorescences and leaves from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 153 (1): 136–146. doi:10.1086/297015.
- ^ a b Shattuck, S. O. (1992). "Review of the dolichoderine ant genus Iridomyrmex Mayr with descriptions of three new genera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Journal of the Australian Entomological Society. 31: 13–18. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1992.tb00453.x.
- ^ Makarkin, VN; Archibald, SB; Oswald, JD (2003). "New Early Eocene brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 135 (5): 637–653. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.489.5852. doi:10.4039/n02-122. S2CID 53479449.
- ^ Nel, A. (1992). "Nouveaux Tingidae fossiles du Cénozoïque de France (Heteroptera)". École Pratique des Hautes Études, Biologie et Évolution des Insectes. 5: 97–104.
- ^ Nel, A. (1992). "Essai de révision des Berytidae fossiles (Heteroptera, Pentatomorpha)". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section C. 14: 275–287.
- ^ Bechly, G.; Makarkin, V. N. (2016). "A new gigantic lacewing species (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil confirms the occurrence of Kalligrammatidae in the Americas". Cretaceous Research. 58: 135–140. Bibcode:2016CrRes..58..135B. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.014.
- ^ Maria Heikkilä; John W. Brown; Joaquin Baixeras; Wolfram Mey; Mikhail V. Kozlov (2018). "Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)". Zootaxa. 4394 (1): 41–60. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.2. PMID 29690381.
- ^ Poinar, G.; Heiss, E. (2011). "New Termitaphididae and Aradidae (Hemiptera) in Mexican and Dominican amber" (PDF). Palaeodiversity. 4: 51–62.
- ^ a b c "Abstract," Tanke and Brett-Surman (2001). Page 208.
- ^ a b "Faunal Turnover, Migration, and Evolution," Trexler (2001); page 307.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ a b Dong, Zhiming (1992). Dinosaurian faunas of China. China Ocean Press. ISBN 9783540520849.
- ^ McIntosh, J.S., W.P. Coombs, and D.A. Russell. 1992. A new diplodocid sauropod (Dinosauria) from Wyoming, USA. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12 (2): pp. 158-167.
- ^ Bakker, R.T., P. Galton, J. Siegwarth, and J. Filla. 1990. A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming, with comments on Morrison biochronology Part IV. The dinosaurs: a new Othnielia-like hypsilophodontoid. Hunteria, 2: pp. 8-13.
- ^ Ouyang, H. (1992). "Discovery of Gigantspinosaurus sichanensis and its scapular spine orientation". Abstracts and Summaries for Youth Academic Symposium on New Discoveries and Ideas in Stratigraphic Paleontology (in Chinese) null: 47–49.
- ^ Carpenter, K. 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America. In: Aspects of nonmarine cretaceous geology (N. Mateer and P.J. Chen, eds.). China Ocean Press, Beijing: pp.250-268.
- ^ Novas, F.E.; Pott, D. (2005). "New evidence on deinonychosaurian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7028): 858–861. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..858N. doi:10.1038/nature03285. PMID 15729340. S2CID 4413316.
- ^ Kurzanov, S.M. 1992. Gigantskiy protoseratopsid iz verkhnengo mela Mongolii. Paleontologischeskii Zhural (1992) 3: pp. 81-93.
- ^ Okazaki, Y. 1992. A new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Kwanmon Group, Northern Kyushu. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History 11: pp. 87-90.
- ^ a b c Peter W. Houde & Storrs L. Olson (1992). "A Radiation of Coly-like Birds from the Eocene of North America (Aves: Sandcoleiformes New Order)" (PDF). In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 137–160.
- ^ Timothy M. Crowe & Lester L. Short (1992). "A New Gallinaceous Bird From the Oligocene of Nebraska, With Comments on the Phylogenetic Position of the Gallinuloididae". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 179–185.
- ^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1992). "Un Ganga Primitif (Aves: Columbiformes, Pteroclidae) de très Grande Taille dans le Paléogène des Phosphorites du Quercy (France)". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 314: 229–235.
- ^ Alan Feduccia & Michael R. Voorhies (1992). "Crowned Cranes (Gruidae: Balearica) in the Miocene of Nebraska". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 239–248.
- ^ Odile Boeuf & Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1992). "Les Oiseaux des Gisements d'Age Pliocène Supérieur de Chilhac, Haute Loire, France". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série II. 314: 1091–1096.
- ^ Zhou Zhonghe, Fan Jin & Jiang Yong Zhang (1992). "Preliminary Report on a Mesozoic Bird from Liaoning, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 37: 1365–1368.
- ^ Dénes Jánossy (1992). "Lower Pleistocene Bird Remains from Beremend, (S-Hungary, Loc. 15. And 16.)". Aquila. 99: 9–25.
- ^ Jonathan J. Becker & Pierce Brodkorb (1992). "An Early Miocene Ground-dove (Aves: Columbidae) from Florida". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 189–193.
- ^ David W. Steadman (2008). "Doves (Columbidae) and Cuckoos (Cuculidae) from the Early Miocene of Florida" (PDF). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 48 (1): 1–16.
- ^ José L. Sanz & Angela D. Buscalioni (1992). "A New Bird from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoas, Spain, and the Early Radiation of Birds" (PDF). Palaeontology. 35 (4): 829–845. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
- ^ Storrs L. Olson (1992). "A New Family of Primitive Landbirds from the Lower Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming" (PDF). In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 127–136.
- ^ a b c David W. Steadman (1992). "New Species of Gallicolumba and Macropygia (Aves: Columbidae) from Archeological Sites in Polynesia". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 329–348.
- ^ Larry D. Martin (1992). "The Status of the Late Paleocene Birds Gastornis and Remiornis". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 97–108.
- ^ a b Steven D. Emslie (1992). "Two New Late Blancan Avifaunas from Florida and the Extinction of Wetland Birds in the Plio-Pleistocene". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 249–269.
- ^ José L. Sanz & José F. Bonaparte (1992). "A New Order of Birds (Class Aves) from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 38–49.
- ^ a b c Lev A. Nessov (1992). "[Record of the Localities of Mesozoic and Paleogene with Avian Remains in the USSR, and the description of New Findings]". Russian Journal of Ornithology. 1: 7–50.
- ^ Jorge I. Noriega (1992). "Un Nuevo Genero de Anhingidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) de la Formacion Ituzaingo (Mioceno Superior) de Argentina". Notas del Museo de la Plata, Tomo XXI, Paleontologia. 21 (109): 217–223.
- ^ Hildegarde Howard (1992). "New Records of Middle Miocene Anseriform Birds from Kern County, California". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 231–237.
- ^ Angelika Hesse (1992). "A New Species of Messelornis (Aves: Messelornithidae) from the Middle Eocene Green River Formation". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 171–178.
- ^ Dieter S. Peters (1992). "A New Species of Owl (Aves: Strigiformes) from the Middle Eocene Messel Oil Shale" (PDF). In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 161–169.
- ^ Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga & José F. Bonaparte (1992). "A New Flightless Landbird from the Cretaceous of Patagonia". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 51–64.
- ^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1992). "The Galliformes (Aves) from the Phosphorites du Quercy (France): Systematics and Biostratigraphy". In Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series. 36: 67–96.
- ^ a b Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1992). "Une Nouvelle Famille de Perroquets (Aves, Psittaciformes) dans L'Éocene Supérieur des Phosphorites du Quercy, France". Géobios Mémoire Spécial. 14: 169–177.
- ^ Paul C. Sereno & Rao Chenggang (1992). "Early Evolution of Avian Flight and Perching: New Evidence from the Lower Cretaceous of China". Science. 255 (5046): 845–848. Bibcode:1992Sci...255..845S. doi:10.1126/science.255.5046.845. PMID 17756432. S2CID 41106677.
- ^ Rage, Jean-Claude; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R. (November 1992). "New snakes from the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Naskal, India". N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 187 (1): 83–97.
- ^ Dashzeveg, Demberliyn; Russell, Donald E. (December 1992). "Extension of dyspternine Pantolestidae (Mammalia, Cimolesta) in the Early Oligocene of Mongolia". Geobios. 25 (5): 647–650. doi:10.1016/0016-6995(92)80104-L.
- ^ Jenkins, R.J.F. (1992). "Functional and ecological aspects of Ediacarian assemblages". In Lipps, J.; Signor, P.W. (eds.). Origin and early evolution of the Metazoa. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 131–176. ISBN 978-0-306-44067-0. OCLC 231467647.
References
edit- Tanke, D.H. and Brett-Surman, M.K. 2001. Evidence of Hatchling and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta, Canada. pp. 206–218. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life—New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Indiana University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.
- Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.