Content deleted Content added
Franjo Tahy (talk | contribs) |
Franjo Tahy (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 98:
Serious Ottoman attacks on Croatian lands began after the fall of [[Kingdom of Bosnia|Bosnia]] to the Ottomans in 1463. At this point main Ottoman attacks were not yet directed towards Central Europe, with [[Vienna]] as its main objective, but towards renaissance Italy with Croatia standing on their way between.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Matica hrvatska - Hrvatska revija 2, 2015. - Croato-Turcica: pregled povijesne interakcije Globalni okvir |url=https://www.matica.hr/hr/459/croato-turcica-pregled-povijesne-interakcije-globalni-okvir-24928/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=www.matica.hr}}</ref> As the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] launched expansion further into Europe, Croatian lands became a place of permanent warfare. This period of history is considered to be one of the direst for the people living in Croatia. Baroque poet [[Pavao Ritter Vitezović]] subsequently described this period of Croatian history as "[[Plorantis Croatiae saecula duo|two centuries of weeping Croatia]]".
Armies of Croatian nobility fought numerous battles to counter the Ottoman [[akinji]] and [[martolos]] raids.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jurković |first=Ivan |title=Vrijeme sazrijevanja, vrijeme razaraja |publisher=Matica hrvatska |year=2019 |isbn=978-953-341-144-6 |location=Zagreb |pages=99–111 |language=Croatian |chapter=Migracije. Raseljenička kriza za osmanske ugroze: "U bašćini mojoj ne dadu mi priti"}}</ref> The Ottoman forces frequently raided the Croatian countryside, plundering towns and villages and captured the local inhabitants as slaves. These "[[scorched earth]]" tactics, also called "The Small War", were usually conducted once a year with intention to soften up the region's defenses, but didn't result in actual conquest of territory.<ref name=":0" /> According to historian [[James Tracy (historian)|James Tracy]], the armies Croatian ban could muster prooved too few to counter akinji raids along the long border with the Ottoman Empire. On the other hand, armies of Croatian nobility could never mobilize fast enough to intercept akinji raids "head on", instead, Croatians hoped to intercept Ottoman raiders on their return, as they were slowed down by their booty and hostages.<ref>Tracy, 43</ref>
{{Blockquote
Line 105:
}}
After death of king [[Matthias Corvinus|Mathias Corvinus]] in 1490, a [[War of the Hungarian Succession|succession war ensued]], where supporters of [[Vladislaus II of Hungary|Vladislaus Jagiellon]] prevailed over those of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian Habsburg]], another contester to the throne of Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia. Maximilian gained many supporters among Croatian nobility and a favourable peace treaty he concluded with Vladislaus enabled Croatians to increasingly turn towards Habsburgs when seeking protections from the Ottoman attacks, as their lawful king Vladislaus turned out unable to provide any.<ref>Klaić, Book IV, 219</ref> On same year, the estates of Croatia also declined to recognize [[Vladislaus II of Hungary|Vladislaus II]] as a ruler until he had taken an oath to respect their liberties and insisted that he strike from the constitution certain phrases which seemed to reduce Croatia to the rank of a mere province. The dispute was resolved in 1492.<ref name="archive.org3">{{cite web |title=R. W. SETON -WATSON:The southern Slav question and the Habsburg Monarchy page 18 |url=https://archive.org/stream/southernslavques00seto/southernslavques00seto_djvu.txt |access-date=24 April 2012}}</ref>▼
▲
▲Meanwhile, the ongoing Ottoman attacks combined with famines, diseases, and a cold climate, caused vast depopulation and a refugee crisis, as people fled to safer areas. Croatian historian [[:hr:Ivan Jurković|Ivan Jurković]] points out that due to the combination of these factors, Croatia "lost almost three-fifths of its population" and the compactness of its territory. As a result, the center of the Croatian medieval state gradually shifted northwards into western [[Slavonia]] (Zagreb).<ref name=":0" /> [[Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War|Frequent Ottoman raids]] eventually led to the 1493 [[Battle of Krbava field]] which ended in Croatian defeat.
==Croatia in the Habsburg monarchy (1527–1918)==
| |||