Papers by Istvan Toth-Kiraly
Background and aims: Tinder is a very popular smartphone-based geolocated dating application. The... more Background and aims: Tinder is a very popular smartphone-based geolocated dating application. The goal of the present study was creating a short Problematic Tinder Use Scale (PTUS). Methods: Griffiths' (2005) six-component model was implemented for covering all components of problematic Tinder use. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on a Tinder user sample (N = 430). Results: Both the 12-and the 6-item versions were tested. The 6-item unidimensional structure has appropriate reliability and factor structure. No salient demography-related differences were found. Users irrespectively to their relationship status have similar scores on PTUS. Discussion: Tinder users deserve the attention of scientific examination considering their large proportion among smartphone users. It is especially true considering the emerging trend of geolocated online dating applications. Conclusions: Before PTUS, no prior scale has been created to measure problematic Tinder use. The PTUS is a suitable and reliable measure to assess problematic Tinder use.
The aim of the present study was to create a short and valid questionnaire: the Multidimensional ... more The aim of the present study was to create a short and valid questionnaire: the Multidimensional Facebook Intensity Scale (MFIS). In Study 1 (N = 512), we used exploratory structural equation modeling to explore the basic dimensions of everyday Facebook use. The results suggested four factors: persistence, boredom, overuse, and self-expression. The MFIS also had good reliability in terms of internal consistency and temporal stability. In Study 2 (N = 566), confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in order to assess the factor structure revealed in the previous study. The four-factor first-order and the second order model appeared to be adequate contrasting to the one factor model. Based on target coefficient the four-factor second-order model appears to be the most adequate. In Study 3 (N = 531), the convergent validity of the MFIS was examined in relation to Facebook addiction, Facebook passion, Online Sociability and different personality dimensions. The MFIS can predict Facebook-related activities as liking and posting better than previous Facebook scales. The results suggest that this questionnaire is able to reliably differentiate between different aspects of Facebook use intensity.
Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the links between online gaming and online porno... more Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the links between online gaming and online pornography use by considering gender, problematic Internet use, and different motives for alcohol drinking. Materials and Methods: University students (n = 512; mean age = 22.11 years; standard deviation = 2.43 years; 64.06 percent women) filled in the Cyber Pornography Use Inventory, Hungarian version, the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire, Hungarian version (POGQ-HU), the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, Hungarian version (PIUQ-HU), and the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised Short Form, Hungarian version (DMQ-R-HU SF) questionnaires. Results: According to hierarchical multiple regression analyses, the neglect factor of PIUQ-HU, the conformity factor of DMQ-R-HU SF, and the immersion and preoccupation factors of POGQ-HU have a significant predictive value on one's online pornography use, but gender does not. Conclusions: This research shows that independently from the effect of Internet and alcohol use dimensions, immersion and preoccupation factors of online gaming have significant effects on online pornography use. However, preoccupation has a negative effect on pornography use. Players scoring high on this subscale may think about gaming as the only interesting activity that rates higher than even pornography.
The purpose of the present research was to look at the correlates of passion toward screen-based ... more The purpose of the present research was to look at the correlates of passion toward screen-based activities. In two studies, we aimed to test the role of impulsivity as a predictor of obsessive (but not harmonious) passion for Facebook use and series watching. We also aimed to distinguish between problematic and non-problematic correlates as pertains to Facebook use and TV series watching. Based on the Dualistic Model of Passion, it was hypothesized that Harmonious passion would be positively associated with adaptive correlates and Obsessive passion to less positive and even negative ones in both types of activities. In two studies, young adults (Study 1 = 256; Study 2 = 420) completed the Passion Scale with respect to Facebook use and series watching, respectively , the UPPS Impulsivity Scale, and scales measuring problematic and non-problematic correlates associated with engaging in such activities. The results provided support for the proposed model: Impulsivity predicted obsessive (but not harmonious) passion. Obsessive passion was positively associated with negative correlates such as Facebook overuse whereas harmonious passion was positively associated with adaptive correlates such as self-development through series watching. These results suggest that it is the type of passion underlying activity engagement that determines what is experienced.
The goal of the study was to examine the dimen-sionality of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Sca... more The goal of the study was to examine the dimen-sionality of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (CDSES-SF, Betz et al. 1996). Integrating several previous findings from different cultures, we found that the bifactor structure of the CDSES-SF on a Hungarian sample of 649 respondents showed the best model fit. This structure includes a general CDSE factor covering 15 items and the original five specific factors (self-appraisal, occupational information, goal selection, planning, and problem solving) covering three items each. This short form of CDSES shows an acceptable model fit and appropriate reliability in terms of the Cronbach's alpha and omega values. Regarding career decision self-efficacy, a large proportion of variance was explained by the general factor and to a smaller extent by the specific factors. These results can be considered as a first step in resolving the paradox of the dimensionality of CDSES-SF.
In Hungary, prejudices toward Roma and the LGBT community are highly salient and explicit in publ... more In Hungary, prejudices toward Roma and the LGBT community are highly salient and explicit in public opinion, the media, and in the political discourse. The present study examined the effectiveness of the Living Library prejudice reduction interven-tion—in which participants as " Readers " have engaging contact with living " Books " who are trained volunteers from the Roma and LGBT communities. In a pre-post intervention study with high school students (N = 105), results suggest that the Living Library intervention reduced participants' scores on multiple measures of prejudice. The Living Library intervention appeared to be effective among both those participants whose friends endorsed prejudice or more tolerant attitudes toward Roma and LGBT people. In sum, Living Library appears to be a useful method for reducing prejudice in contexts which are characterized by strong negative attitudes toward these different groups.
In this article the goal was the examination of the factorial structure of a short, Hungarian ver... more In this article the goal was the examination of the factorial structure of a short, Hungarian version of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI; Zimbardo and Boyd Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271– 1288, 1999) in a sample of 1370 participants, comparing alternative factor structures through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). According to the results the short, 17 item version of ZTPI includes the original five factors and has appropriate model fit indices. Furthermore, it is reliable in terms of internal consistency and temporal stability. In the light of previous ZTPI validations with severe shortcomings, the present results might encourage radical shortening of the original ZTPI scale. Keywords Time perspective. Zimbardo time perspective inventory. Validity. CFA. Hungary The definition of time perspective (TP) is easier than its measurement: it is a process by which individuals automatically partition the flow of their personal experiences into psychological time frames of past, present and future (Nuttin 1964; Zimbardo and Boyd 1999). It has fundamental impact on relating people and interpreting events and it is learnt at an early age through influences of culture, religion, social class, edu
Background and aims: The goal of the present study was to create a short Problematic Series Watch... more Background and aims: The goal of the present study was to create a short Problematic Series Watching Scale (PSWS). Methods: On the basis of the six components model of Griffiths (2005), six items were identified covering all components of problematic series watching. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on two independent samples (N1 = 366, N2 = 752). Results: The PSWS has appropriate factor structure and reliability. The amount of free time was not, but the series watching time was associated with PSWS scores. Women had higher scores than men. Discussion: Before PSWS, no prior scale has been created to measure problematic series watching. Further research is needed to properly assess its validity and reliability; and for examining whether extensive series watching can lead to health-related and psychosocial problems. Conclusion: In the increasingly digitalized world there are many motivational forces which encourage people watching online series. In the light of these changes, research on problematic series watching will be progressively relevant.
Games for Health Journal, 2014
This study was aimed at investigating the links between online gaming and online pornography use ... more This study was aimed at investigating the links between online gaming and online pornography use by considering gender, problematic Internet use, and different motives for alcohol drinking. University students (n=512; mean age=22.11 years; standard deviation=2.43 years; 64.06 percent women) filled in the Cyber Pornography Use Inventory, Hungarian version, the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire, Hungarian version (POGQ-HU), the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, Hungarian version (PIUQ-HU), and the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised Short Form, Hungarian version (DMQ-R-HU SF) questionnaires. According to hierarchical multiple regression analyses, the neglect factor of PIUQ-HU, the conformity factor of DMQ-R-HU SF, and the immersion and preoccupation factors of POGQ-HU have a significant predictive value on one's online pornography use, but gender does not. This research shows that independently from the effect of Internet and alcohol use dimensions, immersion and preoccupation factors of online gaming have significant effects on online pornography use. However, preoccupation has a negative effect on pornography use. Players scoring high on this subscale may think about gaming as the only interesting activity that rates higher than even pornography.
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015
In this research we claim that teachers' enthusiasm matters regarding student engagement in terms... more In this research we claim that teachers' enthusiasm matters regarding student engagement in terms of academic cheating. Previous studies found that perceived enthusiasm of teachers is positively related to the intrinsic motivation of the students. However, it was less investigated how perceived enthusiasm is related to cheating. In the first exploratory questionnaire study (N = 244) we found that during the exams of those teachers who are perceived to be enthusiastic students tend to cheat less. In the second questionnaire study (N = 266) we took academic motivations into consideration and we found that the more teachers seem enthusiastic the cheating rate will be lower among university students. Aggregated teacher enthusiasm was positively related to intrinsic motivation, negatively related to amotivation, and not related to extrinsic motivation. Aggregated teacher enthusiasm was directly and negatively linked to cheating and it explained more variance in cheating than academic motivations together. These results suggest that teachers' perceived enthusiasm can be a yet unexplored interpersonal factor which could effectively prevent academic cheating.
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Papers by Istvan Toth-Kiraly